Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

leaf

Semantic Field: environment
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: hoja
Meaning Portuguese: folha

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Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Loan Source	General Notes	Source
Achagua	bánabai	bánabai		inheritance			See Language page
Aché		wɨra oʔo		inheritance			See Language page
Aguaruna	dúka	dúka		inheritance			See Language page
Akawaio	yaree (E1977)	yare (E1977)		inheritance; unknown	Proto-Carib		See Language page
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect	alaŋ	alaŋ					See Language page
Andoke	-pu (round leaf), -senə (allongated leaf)	-pu (round leaf), -çenə (allongated leaf)		unique			See Language page
Apalai	zary	zarɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Arabana	kadlha			unique
Araona		akʷi-iɲa				akʷi is 'tree'. Cf. 'hair' 04.140. Tacn form is e-ina.	See Language page
Arutani	aña	aɲa					See Language page
Ashuar	núka	nuka					See Language page
Ayoreo		poor-ãaka'raai				Lit. the tree's hair (covering), 04.140.	See Language page
Baniwa	panáphe	panáphe		inheritance			See Language page
Barasano	~hu-ro	~hu-ro					See Language page
Bardi	bilil(i)	bilil(i)		inheritance
Bará		pũũrõ					See Language page
Barí		ahḳaadu				Colombia: təθərə. Chibchan form is 'ka.	See Language page
Baure	e-pono'e	e-pono'e		inheritance			See Language page
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone	syki			unique
Bora	ɨ́na-ʔáámɨ, -ʔáámɨɨ́, ḯna-ʔáámɨ, -xḯḯʔoó, mɨ́ɨ́ïmï, xɨ́ʔoó	ɨ́na-ʔáámɨ, -ʔáámɨɨ́, ɯ́na-ʔáámɨ, -xɯ́ɯ́ʔoó, mɨ́ɨ́ɯmɯ, xɨ́ʔoó		inheritance			See Language page
Bunuba	wanjali			unknown
Burarra	jarlawurra			unknown
Cahuilla	pala-t			loan			S&H 1979
Camsa	tsubaná-tʃe	tsubaná-tʃe					See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra	masharo	maʃaɾo		unique			See Language page
Canela		ii-tɛ				Jê form is tɛ.	See Language page
Carapana	pũrõ, pũũrõ	pũɾɔ̃, pũũɾɔ̃					See Language page
Carijona	wewarɨ			inheritance			See Language page
Cavineña	e-haki; hata	e-haki; hata		inheritance			See Language page
Cayuvava		ene					See Language page
Central Aymara	laphi	lapʰi					See Language page
Central Sierra Miwok	ta:ta-			inheritance
Cha'palaa		'haki				Also means 'thatch' 07.520; 'roof' 07.510.	See Language page
Chemehuevi	nanka/-v(a)			inheritance
Chipaya		čʰaɲi; šika				The latter means 'green and dry (leaf)'.	See Language page
Chiriguano		roo; hoʔo; h-okɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja		alaʔ-woleʔ (m.)				Lit. 'tree-hair covering' 04.140, -woleʔ also means 'feather' 04.393; 'wool' 06.220.	See Language page
Chumash Barbareno	s-qap			loan			Ono 1996:141
Chumash Cruzeno	tsuluqap			loan			JPH
Chumash Ineseno	qap “leaf, feather”			loan			A 236
Chumash Obispeno	tu7 (see “ear”)			loan direction unknown			JPH
Chumash Ventureno	staqapqap			loan			JPH
Chácobo	pɨ-ʔi; mani (the former also means "feather")	pɨ-ʔi; mani (the former also means "feather")		inheritance			See Language page
Cocopa	wal			unknown
Cofán	naje, ccaque, ccaqueje	khakyɛ, khakyɛhɛ				phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS	See Language page
Comanche	puhi, puhipY			semantic shift
Cubeo	cainiyoca, yoca (both generic)	kainijoka, joka (both generic)		unique			See Language page
Cuiva		noxú-to, pe-toáxu	hoja, leaf			pe-toáxu - 'pluma' ('feather')	Huber & Reed 1992:153
Cupeño	-pel'a	[-pəlɁa]		loan
Desano	pũ	pũ		inheritance			See Language page
Dhangu	man'tjarr			loan
Dhuwal	[missing]			missing
Dhuwala	[missing]			missing
Diyari	tharlpa			inheritance
DiyariREU	[missing]			missing
Djambarrpuyngu	[missing]			missing
Djapu	[missing]			missing
Djeoromitxi	nĩ	nĩ					See Language page
Djinang	[missing]			missing
Dâw	keét	kæ̌t		inheritance			See Language page
Epena		'kʰiru; kʰi'tua				Latter is large leaf.	See Language page
Ese Ejja		iɲa		inheritance			See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo	akwi ʔiɲa	akwi ʔiɲa					See Language page
Eñepa	ijchan, tyan, -yan (MM)	ihtʃan, tjan, -jan (MM)		unknown			See Language page
Gabrielino	ah-nan/-nahCH			inheritance			CHM/MC269
Gajirrabeng	jalying			loan	NGY
Gooniyandi	yimarraarra			inheritance
Guayabero		nɨaɸɨ́-t		inheritance	Proto-Guahiban		See Language page
Gupapuyngu	[missing]			missing
Gurindji	jalyi			inheritance
Hodï	tuhkuhia			unique			See Language page
Huambisa	nuka	nuka					See Language page
Hup	cug'æ̌t, -g'æt	cug'æ̌t, -g'æt		inheritance			See Language page
Ignaciano		tapakahi					See Language page
Ingá	panga	panga					See Language page
Iquito	íimɨ, naámɨ	íimɨ, naámɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Itonama		u-mado				To be leafy is melepahte.	See Language page
Jaru	jalyirr			inheritance
Jawi	peelel	bilel		inheritance
Kabiyari	apana	apana					See Language page
Kaingang	fèj	#NAME?					See Language page
Kakataibo		pɨi; pɨči				Also mean 'feather'.	See Language page
Kakua		nɨ̂w̃		inheritance			See Language page
Kalapalo	itagï	itagɨ		unknown			See Language page
Kamayurá	kaˀa, op	kaˀa, op		inheritance; inheritance			See Language page
Karajarri	ngalyawata			loan
Kariña	ary	arɨ	leaf				Courtz 2007:242
Karitiana	epesap (ep{tree}-esap?)	epesap		unknown			See Language page
Katukina		pɨʔi				Also means 'feather' 04.393; 'thatch' 07.520.	See Language page
Kawaiisu	naga-vy			inheritance
Kija	kanarra-			inheritance
Kiliwa	smaq			inheritance
Kitanemuk	kavac			inheritance
Kokama	tsa	tsa		inheritance			See Language page
Koreguaje	ja'ova	xaʔoba		inheritance			See Language page
Kotiria	~phu	~pʰu		inheritance	E Tuk		See Language page
Kwazá	hesyxe, -xy, -xe (latter is a small leaf)	hesyxe, -xy, -xe (latter is a small leaf)					See Language page
Lake Miwok	Sa/anim			unique
Lengua		a-wa				Probably 'covering'; also means 'hair' 04.140; 'feather' 04.393; 'wool' 06.220; 'fur' 06.280.	See Language page
Lokono	bana	bana	leaf				Pet 1987:362
Luiseño	pavla-sh			loan
Maca		ɬesex (m.)					See Language page
Macaguan	nópat	nópat		inheritance	Proto-Guahiban		See Language page
Maidu	boto/			unknown
Maihiki	jao ja	xao xã		inheritance			See Language page
Makiritare	yadɨ (IDS)	jadɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Makuna	~hu	~hu		inheritance			See Language page
Makushi	yare (IDS)	yare (IDS)		inheritance			See Language page
Malyangapa	paka			doubtful loan
Mangala	jalyjarr			unknown
Mapoyo	yaari	jaari					See Language page
Mapudungun		tapɨl̯				Ranquel form is tapɨl.	See Language page
Matses	bëpucte, podo	bɨpukte, podo		unknown			See Language page
Minica Witoto	rábe	rábɛ					See Language page
Miriwung	ganarrang			inheritance
Mithaka	[missing]			missing
Mocoví		la-we				Also means 'hair' 04.140; 'wool' 06.220.	See Language page
Mojave	hamaly			unknown
Mosetén-Chimané		'šan				Cf. 'green' 15.680.	See Language page
Movima	loran-kʷa	loran-kʷa					See Language page
Mudburra	yurrwalyi
Mudburra	yurrwalyi			inheritance?
Muinane	áame	áamɛ					See Language page
Muisca	quye	kuɨe					See Language page
Murui Witoto	rabe	rabɛ		inheritance/Witoto			See Language page
Mutsun	marah “leaf, body hair” O 249			unknown			O77:249
Máku	de:mu	de:mu					See Language page
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect		ga̰ːd					See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect		ga̰ːd		inheritance			See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua	panga	panga					See Language page
Ngamini	talpa			inheritance
Ngandi	manjarr'			inheritance
Ngarluma	barrga			inheritance
Ngumbarl	wirrgin, beeramal	<wirrgin, beeramal>		inheritance
Nheengatu	awa, ka'a, uá	awa, kaʔa, uá		inheritance; inheritance; unknown			See Language page
Nhirrpi	marrgala			loan	Wangkumarra
Nimanburru	bilibil	bilibil		inheritance
Ninam	hena	hena		inheritance			See Language page
Nisenan	bakkal, bakka:l			unknown
Nivaclé		ɬ-saʔš	leaf				https://ids.clld.org/
Northern Emberá	kédua	kédua					See Language page
Northern Mangarla	jalyjarr
Northern Nyangumarta	parrka			inheritance
Northern Paiute	naka			inheritance			SAA 1982:16
Northern Sierra Miwok	tat:a-			inheritance
Nukak		nɨu3		inheritance			See Language page
Nyangumarta	parrka			loan	Ngarluma
Nyikina	wirriny; warnjal XXngl latter are tea leaves	wirriny; warnjal		inheritance
Nyulnyul	bilibil; birlabirl	bilibil; birlabirl		inheritance
Nɨpode Witoto	rábe	rábɛ					See Language page
Ocaina	opaavi	opaaβi		unknown			See Language page
Paakantyi	baga			inheritance
Pacahuara		'pɨʔi					See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní		toɣʷe					See Language page
Paresi	ehana	ehana		inheritance			See Language page
Pemon	dare (A1981); taadare (M2000)	daɾe (A1981)		inheritance			See Language page
Piapoco	ibáiná ('hojas suyas')	ibáiná ('hojas suyas')					See Language page
Piaroa	ojiyä	ɤhijæ		inheritance			See Language page
Pilagá		l-ayo-ḳte				Feminine form. Cf. 'hair' 04.140 and 'wool' 06.220.	See Language page
Pirriya	[missing]			missing
Pitta-Pitta	karrapati			unique
Plains Miwok	pate-			unknown
Puinave	-wan; soyõn	wan; sojõn		unique			See Language page
Pumé	to pjüdá						See Language page
Páez	ez	ez					See Language page
Qawasqar		ḳse				Also means 'branch' 08.550; and 'fishscale' 03.653. Sk records kɬe for Central QWS. SpS records kenar.	See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano	llaqe, rapi	ʎaqe, ɾapi					See Language page
Resígaro	apáná?aamí	apánáʔaamí		inheritance			See Language page
Rirratjingu	man'tjarr			loan
Ritharrngu	manjarr'			loan
Salinan A	ctan' (A only) stanane/L (pl)			unknown
Salinan M	sta			unknown			Mason 1918:17
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité		awa				Same as 'hair' 04.140.	See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet		aawaʔ; yamtaʔ aawaʔ					See Language page
Sanumá	hena	hena		inheritance			See Language page
Sape	muyra	muyra					See Language page
Secoya	ja'o	haʔ'o					See Language page
Selknam		ḳˀèl					See Language page
Seri (Comcaac)	istj			unknown
Serrano	-qAv, qAva:-c "ear, leaf"			inheritance
Shipibo-Konibo		pɨi					See Language page
Sikuani		pe-báxɨ-to		unique	shared Playero		See Language page
Siona	haʔo	haʔo		inheritance			See Language page
Siriano	pṹ	pṹ					See Language page
Sirionó	ero; iraro	ero; iraro		inheritance			See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua	panga	panga					See Language page
Southern Sierra Miwok	tat:a-			inheritance
Southern Ute	nyka7avI			inheritance
Sáliva	oxoxo	oxoxo		inheritance			See Language page
Tacana		e-ina				Also means 'hair' 04.140; 'feather' 04.393.	See Language page
Tanimuca	pũ'dyũã	pũ'ʎũã		inheritance			See Language page
Tariana	paná-phe	paná-pʰe		inheritance			See Language page
Tatuyo	pũũ	pũũ					See Language page
Taushiro	ava´ya	awaʔja					See Language page
Tikuna		atɨ		unique			See Language page
Tiriyó	arï	arɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Toba		l-awe				Also means 'hair' 04.140; 'wool' 06.220.	See Language page
Trinitario		-'pokohi					See Language page
Trumai	sida ~ siʔda	sida ~ siʔda		unique			See Language page
Tukano	pũrî	pũrî		inheritance	E Tuk		See Language page
Tuyuka	'pũũ	ʔpũũ					See Language page
Tübatulabal	nanghapyyl			inheritance
Tümpisa Shoshone	pisi(ttsi)			inheritance
Urarina	n-alo	n-alo		unique			See Language page
Wai Wai	∅-yaa-rɨ	∅-yaa-rɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Waikhana	pũ	pũ					See Language page
Waimaja	ᵽṹňõ	ɸṹrõ					See Language page
Waimiri Atroari	ia	ja					See Language page
Walmajarri	jalyirr			inheritance
Wangkayutyuru	[missing]			missing
Waorani	mǫ́ǫ mǫ			unique			See Language page
Wapishana	anaˀba	anaˀba		inheritance	Proto North Arawak		See Language page
Wappo	hol-pe/l			loan direction unknown
Warao	yaroko	yaɾoko					See Language page
Wari	tenenein	tenenein				Means 'its hair' 04.140. 'Leaf (referring to money) is tan tayišiʔ. (?)	See Language page
Warrwa	wirrwiny	wirrwiny		inheritance
Washo	dayáyʔ			unknown			Washo Project
Waurá	-pana; ata-pana	-pana; ata-pana		inheritance			See Language page
Wayampi	kaʔa-lɔ 'plant-flesh'	kaʔa-lɔ 'plant-flesh'		inheritance			See Language page
Wayana	ale	ale		inheritance			See Language page
Wayuu		hɨ-pana				Same as 'liver' 04.450.	See Language page
Western Mono	pi/sI			inheritance
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay		-la-wu'le				Also means 'hair' 04.140.	See Language page
Wintu	dalas			inheritance
Wubuy	yirr			inheritance
Yabarana		eta'reri					See Language page
Yagua	{-vi}	wı̃		unique			See Language page
Yaminahua		pɨi				Also means 'feather' 04.393.	See Language page
Yan-nhangu	[missing]			missing
Yandruwandha	thalpa			inheritance
Yanomam	fena	fena		inheritance			See Language page
Yanomami	yãã hena	jã: hena		inheritance			See Language page
Yarluyandi	[missing]			missing
Yavapai	the_qa			unknown
Yavitero	hasi	hasi					See Language page
Yawarrawarrka	ngarilju			unique
Yawuru	wirrkin	wirrkin		inheritance
Yine		sɨre					See Language page
Yokuts Palewyami	t'apt'ap			inheritance			JPH Gamble 91
Yokuts Yawdanchi	tapHtapH			inheritance			K07:239,243
Yokuts Yowlumne	da/\pdap, t'ap'p'aS (N1)			inheritance			K 1963
Yuhup	k'æ̂t	k'æ̂t		inheritance			See Language page
Yuki	pal, 7olpal			loan direction unknown			S&S 1984
Yukpa		dʒats̺e					See Language page
Yukuna	wíchu'upe	wítʃuʔupe		unique			See Language page
Yuruti	pũũ	pũũ					See Language page
Záparo	u+m+	uɨmɨ					See Language page


Achagua
Aché
Aguaruna
Akawaio
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect
Andoke
Apalai
Arabana
Araona
Arutani
Ashuar
Ayoreo
Baniwa
Barasano
Bardi
Bará
Barí
Baure
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Bora
Bunuba
Burarra
Cahuilla
Camsa
Candoshi-Shapra
Canela
Carapana
Carijona
Cavineña
Cayuvava
Central Aymara
Central Sierra Miwok
Cha'palaa
Chemehuevi
Chipaya
Chiriguano
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Cruzeno
Chumash Ineseno
Chumash Obispeno
Chumash Ventureno
Chácobo
Cocopa
Cofán
Comanche
Cubeo
Cuiva
Cupeño
Desano
Dhangu
Dhuwal
Dhuwala
Diyari
DiyariREU
Djambarrpuyngu
Djapu
Djeoromitxi
Djinang
Dâw
Epena
Ese Ejja
Ese Ejja/Huarayo
Eñepa
Gabrielino
Gajirrabeng
Gooniyandi
Guayabero
Gupapuyngu
Gurindji
Hodï
Huambisa
Hup
Ignaciano
Ingá
Iquito
Itonama
Jaru
Jawi
Kabiyari
Kaingang
Kakataibo
Kakua
Kalapalo
Kamayurá
Karajarri
Kariña
Karitiana
Katukina
Kawaiisu
Kija
Kiliwa
Kitanemuk
Kokama
Koreguaje
Kotiria
Kwazá
Lake Miwok
Lengua
Lokono
Luiseño
Maca
Macaguan
Maidu
Maihiki
Makiritare
Makuna
Makushi
Malyangapa
Mangala
Mapoyo
Mapudungun
Matses
Minica Witoto
Miriwung
Mithaka
Mocoví
Mojave
Mosetén-Chimané
Movima
Mudburra
Mudburra
Muinane
Muisca
Murui Witoto
Mutsun
Máku
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect
Nadëb/Roçado dialect
Napo Lowland Quichua
Ngamini
Ngandi
Ngarluma
Ngumbarl
Nheengatu
Nhirrpi
Nimanburru
Ninam
Nisenan
Nivaclé
Northern Emberá
Northern Mangarla
Northern Nyangumarta
Northern Paiute
Northern Sierra Miwok
Nukak
Nyangumarta
Nyikina
Nyulnyul
Nɨpode Witoto
Ocaina
Paakantyi
Pacahuara
Paraguayan Guaraní
Paresi
Pemon
Piapoco
Piaroa
Pilagá
Pirriya
Pitta-Pitta
Plains Miwok
Puinave
Pumé
Páez
Qawasqar
Quechua Ayacuchano
Resígaro
Rirratjingu
Ritharrngu
Salinan A
Salinan M
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet
Sanumá
Sape
Secoya
Selknam
Seri (Comcaac)
Serrano
Shipibo-Konibo
Sikuani
Siona
Siriano
Sirionó
Southern Pastaza Quechua
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Ute
Sáliva
Tacana
Tanimuca
Tariana
Tatuyo
Taushiro
Tikuna
Tiriyó
Toba
Trinitario
Trumai
Tukano
Tuyuka
Tübatulabal
Tümpisa Shoshone
Urarina
Wai Wai
Waikhana
Waimaja
Waimiri Atroari
Walmajarri
Wangkayutyuru
Waorani
Wapishana
Wappo
Warao
Wari
Warrwa
Washo
Waurá
Wayampi
Wayana
Wayuu
Western Mono
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay
Wintu
Wubuy
Yabarana
Yagua
Yaminahua
Yan-nhangu
Yandruwandha
Yanomam
Yanomami
Yarluyandi
Yavapai
Yavitero
Yawarrawarrka
Yawuru
Yine
Yokuts Palewyami
Yokuts Yawdanchi
Yokuts Yowlumne
Yuhup
Yuki
Yukpa
Yukuna
Yuruti
Záparo

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