Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

night

Semantic Field
time
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
noche
Meaning Portuguese
noite

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Bankalachi Toloim too'-kăl 211; du-gal (K1907) inheritance
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone tukanih “night, dark” inheritance
Cahuilla tukmiyat inheritance S&H 1979
Central Sierra Miwok kawy:/l- inheritance
Chemehuevi tuwa/n(u) “night-time” inheritance
Chumash Barbareno s-ulkuw inheritance Klar 1977:118
Chumash Cruzeno laXimaj unknown JPH
Chumash Ineseno ulkuw inheritance Klar 1977:118
Chumash Obispeno L-tyimi unknown Klar 1977:119
Chumash Ventureno ulkuw unknown Klar 1977:118
Cocopa cnyam “to be night” inheritance
Comanche tukaanI inheritance
Cupeño tukmu-t [tukmut] inheritance
Esselen tomani-s unknown Shaul 1995
Gabrielino yaw- (yawke “at night”); yawket “la noche” inheritance
Iipay 'Aa hunn, kuhunn [xʊn], [kʊˈxʊn] unknown
Kawaiisu tugwa-nu inheritance
Kiliwa tiiy inheritance
Kitanemuk tuka inheritance
Lake Miwok ka/wul inheritance
Luiseño tu:ku-mi-t inheritance
Maidu po/ inheritance
Mojave tiinyam= inheritance
Mutsun muruT inheritance O77:21
Nisenan po:, po:ho inheritance
Northern Paiute [toqaano “night time” inheritance Thornes 03:45
Northern Sierra Miwok kawy:l-y- inheritance
Plains Miwok kawyl inheritance
Salinan A smA/khai (A), unknown
Salinan M cmAkHa:/i unknown Mason 1918:133
Seri (Comcaac) iha/moc unknown
Serrano atu:k; tu:k inheritance
Southern Paiute tugwa-S inheritance
Southern Sierra Miwok kawyHl- inheritance
Southern Ute tugwanatY inheritance
Tübatulabal tukal, tuukal, tuukit inheritance
Tümpisa Shoshone tukwanni, tukwawani inheritance
Wappo 7u/chu:a7 unknown
Washo da-pauwit unknown K311
Western Mono togawa/no “night-time” inheritance
Wintu cipi unknown
Yavapai hipa_:m “at night” unknown
Yokuts Palewyami toyon inheritance K 1963
Yokuts Yawdanchi tHoyono inheritance K07:243, G64
Yokuts Yowlumne toy'no7 inheritance Golla 1964
Yuki na,k, nok “dark, night” inheritance S&S1984
Yuma ti:nya:m “to be night” H4:21 inheritance
Baniwa déepi déepi inheritance See Language page
Carijona koko inheritance See Language page
Cubeo ñami ɲami inheritance See Language page
Dâw çêm cem inheritance See Language page
Desano jã'bĩ́ jã'bĩ́ inheritance See Language page
Eñepa sɨpaawə sɨpaawə unique See Language page
Hodï tikwə'to unique See Language page
Waorani woyowotæ̃ unique See Language page
Hup j'ǝ́b ɟ’ə́b inheritance See Language page
Kakua ʧēj inheritance See Language page
Makushi ewaron (SIL) ewaron (SIL) inheritance N Amaz subgroup See Language page
Nheengatu pituna (from piʃuna=black) pituna (from piʃuna=black) inheritance See Language page
Ninam thəm tutu thehe, tɨte (EM72 "dark time") tʰəm tutu tʰehe, tɨte inheritance See Language page
Nukak t∫ei4 inheritance See Language page
Maihiki ñami ja ɲami xã inheritance See Language page
Pemon warupue (A1981); waarüpö (M2000) waɾupue (A1981) inheritance N Amaz subgroup See Language page
Resígaro naapí naapí inheritance See Language page
Sanumá numi, luɨ (both EM72, "dark time") numi, luɨ (both EM72, "dark time") inheritance See Language page
Sikuani merawia (1) inheritance See Language page
Tariana déːpi, dépi déːpi, dépi inheritance See Language page
Tukano ñámí ñámí inheritance E-W Tuk See Language page
Kotiria ~yabi ~jabi inheritance E-W Tuk See Language page
Yanomam tɨtɨ, rua (both EM72, "dark time") tɨtɨ, ɾua inheritance See Language page
Yanomami titi ha, titi (EM72 "dark time"), rua (EM72 "dark time") titi ha, titi, ɾua inheritance See Language page
Yukuna lapí lapí inheritance See Language page
Yuhup c'ǝb c'ǝb inheritance See Language page
Arabana miljaru loan
Bardi idanngurru idanngurru loan into protolanguage
Bunuba maaningga inheritance
Burarra ana-munya loan Yolngu
Dhangu munha inheritance
Dhuwal gämuk
Dhuwala munha inheritance
Diyari thinka unique
DiyariREU wongani loan
Djambarrpuyngu gämuk unknown
Djapu munha inheritance
Djinang maliri unknown
Gajirrabeng merdbem unique
Gooniyandi maningga inheritance
Gupapuyngu munha
Gurindji kaputa loan
Jaru munganja inheritance
Karajarri ngatura unique
Kija mentewe unique
Malyangapa tonka unique
Mangala yurra unique
Miriwung ngayidgeng unique
Mithaka [missing] missing
Mudburra kurulala
Mudburra kurulala unique
Ngamini wongamu loan
Ngandi gurnmuk unique
Ngarluma thunthu unique
Ngumbarl ngoomberra, ngoora weedee, ngoombereeda <ngoomberra, ngoora weedee, ngoombereeda> inheritance
Nhirrpi marri unique
Nimanburru ŋimber ŋimber inheritance
Northern Mangarla yurra
Northern Nyangumarta yutakata inheritance
Nyangumarta 4134 loan Pilbara
Nyikina bayin bayin unknown
Nyulnyul ngimbir ngimbir inheritance
Paakantyi kailka unique
Pirriya miila unique
Pitta-Pitta mirtikarra unique
Rirratjingu ga:muk, munha
Ritharrngu makarl inheritance
Walmajarri pukanyja loan
Wangkayutyuru kuntuma (kuntunga?) unique
Warrwa ngo:rra ngo:rra loan into protolanguage
Wubuy wuurn unique
Yan-nhangu munha inheritance
Yandruwandha mabumabu, milyaru unique
Yarluyandi palkara unique
Yawarrawarrka miljaru loan Arabana?
Yawuru ngurra ngurra loan into protolanguage
Achagua táaje táaje unique See Language page
Piapoco catá katá See Language page
Kabiyari néápi néápi See Language page
Yavitero yaľ̥i-na jaľ̥i-na See Language page
Bare hebiña hebiña See Language page
Wapishana wamarɨtʰan; marɨtʰa-ʔu wamarɨtʰan; marɨtʰa-ʔu unique See Language page
Mandawaka daimijáwi daimijáwi See Language page
Wayuu hawai Means 'by night'. Also ai. See Language page
Paresi xatini (n.); makene, makiya (advs.) ʃatini (n.); makene, makija (advs.) unique; unique See Language page
Ignaciano yati See Language page
Trinitario yoti See Language page
Baure yoto'e-ṛ̌ joto'e-ṛ̌ inheritance See Language page
Waurá yiyawa jijawa unique See Language page
Arutani tose tose See Language page
Sape useyna useyna See Language page
Cha'palaa 'ke-pe Cf. 'moon' 01.530. See Language page
Bora pʰexkʰo pʰɛxkʰo inheritance See Language page
Muinane ɸúkku ɸúkku See Language page
Akawaio eeewarbö eɛwarbö inheritance Pemongan See Language page
Apalai koko koko inheritance See Language page
Wayana koko koko inheritance See Language page
Tiriyó koko (at night) koko inheritance See Language page
Makiritare čomomɨ̄dɨ (IDS); chomomü:dü (KH) tʃomomɨ:dɨ unknown See Language page
Mapoyo ko'ba ko'ba See Language page
Wai Wai kosope kosope inheritance See Language page
Waimiri Atroari kyky kɨkɨ See Language page
Yabarana koh'paje See Language page
Yukpa koko See Language page
Kalapalo koko koko inheritance See Language page
Muisca za tʂa See Language page
Barí sɨ̃ɨ̃ Colombia: baygdaninə, means 'dark, dirty'. See Language page
Northern Emberá dimísi dimísi See Language page
Epena pʰãri'kʰua See Language page
Guayabero madói inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page
Macaguan merí(o) meɾí(o) inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page
Cuiva médawi, médiwi noche, night Huber & Reed 1992:68
Cofán cose kosɛ phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Taushiro i´chia iʔʃia See Language page
Páez cus See Language page
Tikuna chütaxũ [2, 5, 2] tʃɨtaʔɨ̃ unique See Language page
Urarina hamunaa hamuna: unique See Language page
Camsa ibéta ibéta See Language page
Andoke hʌ'-pʌʌ́ (lit. "big time") hʌʔ-pʌʌ́ (lit. "big time") unique See Language page
Pumé ngẽnẽ See Language page
Puinave sai sai unique See Language page
Máku i:kisu i:kisu See Language page
Warao ima (darkness, night) ima (daɾkness, night) See Language page
Ashuar káshi kaʃi See Language page
Huambisa suwe suwɨ See Language page
Aguaruna káshi káʃi inheritance See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect ɟǝm inheritance See Language page
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect ɟǝm See Language page
Matses inchësh intʃɨʃ unknown See Language page
Kakataibo i'mɨ *Panoan *yamɨ[CV] with related meanings 'yesterday, tomorrow, dark'. See Language page
Katukina yame See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo yamɨ 'Midnight' is yamɨ počinikõ. See Language page
Yaminahua βakiš; mã yamɨ-a Respectively: 'dark; has become night'. See Language page
Chácobo βakiča βakiča unique See Language page
Yagua nupora nupora unique See Language page
Ingá tuta tuta See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua tuta tuta See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano tuta tuta See Language page
Piaroa yodo jɤdɤ unique See Language page
Sáliva ãchiena 'at night' ãtʃiena 'at night' unique See Language page
Bará jã'bĩ See Language page
Barasano ~jabi ~jabi See Language page
Carapana ñami ɲami See Language page
Makuna ~jabi ~jabi inheritance See Language page
Yuruti jã́bĩ jã́bĩ See Language page
Waikhana jã'bĩ jã'bĩ See Language page
Siriano buúru, ñamí buúru, ñamí See Language page
Tanimuca dyã'bĩã ʎã'bĩã inheritance See Language page
Tatuyo jã'bĩ jã'bĩ See Language page
Tuyuka yã'bĩ jãʔbĩ See Language page
Waimaja ñã́mĩ́ ɲã́mĩ́ See Language page
Koreguaje ñami ɲami inheritance See Language page
Siona yami jami inheritance See Language page
Secoya ñami nãmĩ See Language page
Karitiana nip, mõnh nip, mõɲ unknown; unknown See Language page
Kokama ɨpɨtsa ɨpɨtsa inheritance See Language page
Wayampi ɨpɨa ɨpɨa inheritance See Language page
Aché čãwã unique See Language page
Chiriguano pɨ̃tu inheritance See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní pɨhare See Language page
Sirionó isa; itonaru isa; itonaru unique See Language page
Kamayurá ɨpɨtun ɨpɨtun inheritance See Language page
Ocaina natyón natʲṍ inheritance See Language page
Nɨpode Witoto náï.ïo náɯ.ɯo See Language page
Minica Witoto náï.(ï)o náɯ.(ɯ)o See Language page
Murui Witoto naï.o(na) naɯ.o(na) inheritance See Language page
Iquito nin'ɨɨni; niínaqui ( dark + loc) nin'ɨɨni; niínaki (dark + LOC) inheritance See Language page
Záparo ninya ninja See Language page
Wari šim ʃim See Language page
Araona sisa *Tacn form is *sisa. See Language page
Ese Ejja mekaxe inheritance; inheritance See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo sine-kwa; meka-xe (Girard 1971) sine-kwa; meka-xe See Language page
Tacana ðiða apo-daso 'by night'; apo-apo 'dusk'. See Language page
Cavineña meta; čine-ho meta; čine-ho inheritance; inheritance See Language page
Central Aymara aruma aruma See Language page
Cayuvava daɨ; 'a-raɨ ~ 'arau; 'yaraɨ Also means 'dark, cloudy' 01.620. See Language page
Itonama yumani 'Midnight' is waskuhluhna yumani; 'last night' is kumani. See Language page
Kwazá hadeja hadeja See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané c̷edʸẽ'dʸeʔ See Language page
Movima i-mai-ni i-mai-ni See Language page
Trumai šanixnis šanixnis unique See Language page
Kaingang kuty kutɨ See Language page
Canela -yĩyakʰrɛ *Jê form is *ɲĩ-ɲa-krɛ. See Language page
Suyá akamɔ akamɔ See Language page
Karajá ruu See Language page
Djeoromitxi hõĩka hõĩka See Language page
Chipaya wen; ween Cf. 'dream' 04.620. Uru-J form is wiyani. See Language page
Mocoví pe See Language page
Pilagá 'piʔyaḳ See Language page
Toba pe See Language page
Lengua athtaa See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité piɬasip See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet aɬtaʔa See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay hona-'c̷i Cf. 'darkness' 01.620; 'afternoon' 14.451. See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja axnax (f.) Cf. 'darkness' 01.620; 15.630. See Language page
Maca naxaχ (m.) See Language page
Nivaclé tuɬ night https://ids.clld.org/
Ayoreo de'haai See Language page
Mapudungun pun̯ Ranquel form is pun. See Language page
Qawasqar aḳyawe Also means 'darkness' 01.620. Also yakapc̷ewe, which also means 'get dark'. Bo, Be, SpC record akyowe; Sk records kɬepe, which also means 'dark', for Central QWS. Hy records ako; Fi, Hy record yolape for South QWS. See Language page
Selknam x-è-ankˀn See Language page
Tehuelche 'tˀēnš See Language page
Lokono olhika oɽika night Pet 1987:365
Kariña koko koko night Yamada 2010:750