Language | Orthographic Form | Phonemicized Form | Gloss as in Source | Etymology Code | Proto-Form | Proto-Language | Loan Source | Wanderwort Status | Etyma Set | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Source |
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Language | Orthographic Form | Phonemicized Form | Gloss as in Source | Etymology Code | Proto-Form | Proto-Language | Loan Source | Wanderwort Status | Etyma Set | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Source |
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Achagua | táaje | táaje | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
Aché | čãwã | unique | See Language page | |||||||||
Aguaruna | káshi | káʃi | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Akawaio | eeewarbö | eɛwarbö | inheritance | Pemongan | See Language page | |||||||
Andoke | hʌ'-pʌʌ́ (lit. "big time") | hʌʔ-pʌʌ́ (lit. "big time") | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
Apalai | koko | koko | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Arabana | miljaru | loan | ||||||||||
Araona | sisa | *Tacn form is *sisa. | See Language page | |||||||||
Arutani | tose | tose | See Language page | |||||||||
Ashuar | káshi | kaʃi | See Language page | |||||||||
Ayoreo | de'haai | See Language page | ||||||||||
Baniwa | déepi | déepi | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Bankalachi Toloim | too'-kăl 211; du-gal (K1907) | inheritance | ||||||||||
Barasano | ~jabi | ~jabi | See Language page | |||||||||
Bardi | idanngurru | idanngurru | loan into protolanguage | |||||||||
Bare | hebiña | hebiña | See Language page | |||||||||
Bará | jã'bĩ | See Language page | ||||||||||
Barí | sɨ̃ɨ̃ | Colombia: baygdaninə, means 'dark, dirty'. | See Language page | |||||||||
Baure | yoto'e-ṛ̌ | joto'e-ṛ̌ | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone | tukanih “night, dark” | inheritance | ||||||||||
Bora | pʰexkʰo | pʰɛxkʰo | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Bunuba | maaningga | inheritance | ||||||||||
Burarra | ana-munya | loan | Yolngu | |||||||||
Cahuilla | tukmiyat | inheritance | S&H 1979 | |||||||||
Camsa | ibéta | ibéta | See Language page | |||||||||
Canela | -yĩyakʰrɛ | *Jê form is *ɲĩ-ɲa-krɛ. | See Language page | |||||||||
Carapana | ñami | ɲami | See Language page | |||||||||
Carijona | koko | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
Cavineña | meta; čine-ho | meta; čine-ho | inheritance; inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Cayuvava | daɨ; 'a-raɨ ~ 'arau; 'yaraɨ | Also means 'dark, cloudy' 01.620. | See Language page | |||||||||
Central Aymara | aruma | aruma | See Language page | |||||||||
Central Sierra Miwok | kawy:/l- | inheritance | ||||||||||
Cha'palaa | 'ke-pe | Cf. 'moon' 01.530. | See Language page | |||||||||
Chemehuevi | tuwa/n(u) “night-time” | inheritance | ||||||||||
Chipaya | wen; ween | Cf. 'dream' 04.620. Uru-J form is wiyani. | See Language page | |||||||||
Chiriguano | pɨ̃tu | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja | axnax (f.) | Cf. 'darkness' 01.620; 15.630. | See Language page | |||||||||
Chumash Barbareno | s-ulkuw | inheritance | Klar 1977:118 | |||||||||
Chumash Cruzeno | laXimaj | unknown | JPH | |||||||||
Chumash Ineseno | ulkuw | inheritance | Klar 1977:118 | |||||||||
Chumash Obispeno | L-tyimi | unknown | Klar 1977:119 | |||||||||
Chumash Ventureno | ulkuw | unknown | Klar 1977:118 | |||||||||
Chácobo | βakiča | βakiča | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
Cocopa | cnyam “to be night” | inheritance | ||||||||||
Cofán | cose | kosɛ | phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS | See Language page | ||||||||
Comanche | tukaanI | inheritance | ||||||||||
Cubeo | ñami | ɲami | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Cuiva | médawi, médiwi | noche, night | Huber & Reed 1992:68 | |||||||||
Cupeño | tukmu-t | [tukmut] | inheritance | |||||||||
Desano | jã'bĩ́ | jã'bĩ́ | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Dhangu | munha | inheritance | ||||||||||
Dhuwal | gämuk | |||||||||||
Dhuwala | munha | inheritance | ||||||||||
Diyari | thinka | unique | ||||||||||
DiyariREU | wongani | loan | ||||||||||
Djambarrpuyngu | gämuk | unknown | ||||||||||
Djapu | munha | inheritance | ||||||||||
Djeoromitxi | hõĩka | hõĩka | See Language page | |||||||||
Djinang | maliri | unknown | ||||||||||
Dâw | çêm | cem | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Epena | pʰãri'kʰua | See Language page | ||||||||||
Ese Ejja | mekaxe | inheritance; inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
Ese Ejja/Huarayo | sine-kwa; meka-xe (Girard 1971) | sine-kwa; meka-xe | See Language page | |||||||||
Esselen | tomani-s | unknown | Shaul 1995 | |||||||||
Eñepa | sɨpaawə | sɨpaawə | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
Gabrielino | yaw- (yawke “at night”); yawket “la noche” | inheritance | ||||||||||
Gajirrabeng | merdbem | unique | ||||||||||
Gooniyandi | maningga | inheritance | ||||||||||
Guayabero | madói | inheritance | Proto-Guahiban | See Language page | ||||||||
Gupapuyngu | munha | |||||||||||
Gurindji | kaputa | loan | ||||||||||
Hodï | tikwə'to | unique | See Language page | |||||||||
Huambisa | suwe | suwɨ | See Language page | |||||||||
Hup | j'ǝ́b | ɟ’ə́b | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Ignaciano | yati | See Language page | ||||||||||
Iipay 'Aa | hunn, kuhunn | [xʊn], [kʊˈxʊn] | unknown | |||||||||
Ingá | tuta | tuta | See Language page | |||||||||
Iquito | nin'ɨɨni; niínaqui ( dark + loc) | nin'ɨɨni; niínaki (dark + LOC) | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Itonama | yumani | 'Midnight' is waskuhluhna yumani; 'last night' is kumani. | See Language page | |||||||||
Jaru | munganja | inheritance | ||||||||||
Kabiyari | néápi | néápi | See Language page | |||||||||
Kaingang | kuty | kutɨ | See Language page | |||||||||
Kakataibo | i'mɨ | *Panoan *yamɨ[CV] with related meanings 'yesterday, tomorrow, dark'. | See Language page | |||||||||
Kakua | ʧēj | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
Kalapalo | koko | koko | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Kamayurá | ɨpɨtun | ɨpɨtun | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Karajarri | ngatura | unique | ||||||||||
Karajá | ruu | See Language page | ||||||||||
Kariña | koko | koko | night | Yamada 2010:750 | ||||||||
Karitiana | nip, mõnh | nip, mõɲ | unknown; unknown | See Language page | ||||||||
Katukina | yame | See Language page | ||||||||||
Kawaiisu | tugwa-nu | inheritance | ||||||||||
Kija | mentewe | unique | ||||||||||
Kiliwa | tiiy | inheritance | ||||||||||
Kitanemuk | tuka | inheritance | ||||||||||
Kokama | ɨpɨtsa | ɨpɨtsa | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Koreguaje | ñami | ɲami | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Kotiria | ~yabi | ~jabi | inheritance | E-W Tuk | See Language page | |||||||
Kwazá | hadeja | hadeja | See Language page | |||||||||
Lake Miwok | ka/wul | inheritance | ||||||||||
Lengua | athtaa | See Language page | ||||||||||
Lokono | olhika | oɽika | night | Pet 1987:365 | ||||||||
Luiseño | tu:ku-mi-t | inheritance | ||||||||||
Maca | naxaχ (m.) | See Language page | ||||||||||
Macaguan | merí(o) | meɾí(o) | inheritance | Proto-Guahiban | See Language page | |||||||
Maidu | po/ | inheritance | ||||||||||
Maihiki | ñami ja | ɲami xã | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Makiritare | čomomɨ̄dɨ (IDS); chomomü:dü (KH) | tʃomomɨ:dɨ | unknown | See Language page | ||||||||
Makuna | ~jabi | ~jabi | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Makushi | ewaron (SIL) | ewaron (SIL) | inheritance | N Amaz subgroup | See Language page | |||||||
Malyangapa | tonka | unique | ||||||||||
Mandawaka | daimijáwi | daimijáwi | See Language page | |||||||||
Mangala | yurra | unique | ||||||||||
Mapoyo | ko'ba | ko'ba | See Language page | |||||||||
Mapudungun | pun̯ | Ranquel form is pun. | See Language page | |||||||||
Matses | inchësh | intʃɨʃ | unknown | See Language page | ||||||||
Minica Witoto | náï.(ï)o | náɯ.(ɯ)o | See Language page | |||||||||
Miriwung | ngayidgeng | unique | ||||||||||
Mithaka | [missing] | missing | ||||||||||
Mocoví | pe | See Language page | ||||||||||
Mojave | tiinyam= | inheritance | ||||||||||
Mosetén-Chimané | c̷edʸẽ'dʸeʔ | See Language page | ||||||||||
Movima | i-mai-ni | i-mai-ni | See Language page | |||||||||
Mudburra | kurulala | |||||||||||
Mudburra | kurulala | unique | ||||||||||
Muinane | ɸúkku | ɸúkku | See Language page | |||||||||
Muisca | za | tʂa | See Language page | |||||||||
Murui Witoto | naï.o(na) | naɯ.o(na) | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Mutsun | muruT | inheritance | O77:21 | |||||||||
Máku | i:kisu | i:kisu | See Language page | |||||||||
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect | ɟǝm | See Language page | ||||||||||
Nadëb/Roçado dialect | ɟǝm | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
Napo Lowland Quichua | tuta | tuta | See Language page | |||||||||
Ngamini | wongamu | loan | ||||||||||
Ngandi | gurnmuk | unique | ||||||||||
Ngarluma | thunthu | unique | ||||||||||
Ngumbarl | ngoomberra, ngoora weedee, ngoombereeda | <ngoomberra, ngoora weedee, ngoombereeda> | inheritance | |||||||||
Nheengatu | pituna (from piʃuna=black) | pituna (from piʃuna=black) | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Nhirrpi | marri | unique | ||||||||||
Nimanburru | ŋimber | ŋimber | inheritance | |||||||||
Ninam | thəm tutu thehe, tɨte (EM72 "dark time") | tʰəm tutu tʰehe, tɨte | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Nisenan | po:, po:ho | inheritance | ||||||||||
Nivaclé | tuɬ | night | https://ids.clld.org/ | |||||||||
Northern Emberá | dimísi | dimísi | See Language page | |||||||||
Northern Mangarla | yurra | |||||||||||
Northern Nyangumarta | yutakata | inheritance | ||||||||||
Northern Paiute | [toqaano “night time” | inheritance | Thornes 03:45 | |||||||||
Northern Sierra Miwok | kawy:l-y- | inheritance | ||||||||||
Nukak | t∫ei4 | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
Nyangumarta | 4134 | loan | Pilbara | |||||||||
Nyikina | bayin | bayin | unknown | |||||||||
Nyulnyul | ngimbir | ngimbir | inheritance | |||||||||
Nɨpode Witoto | náï.ïo | náɯ.ɯo | See Language page | |||||||||
Ocaina | natyón | natʲṍ | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Paakantyi | kailka | unique | ||||||||||
Paraguayan Guaraní | pɨhare | See Language page | ||||||||||
Paresi | xatini (n.); makene, makiya (advs.) | ʃatini (n.); makene, makija (advs.) | unique; unique | See Language page | ||||||||
Pemon | warupue (A1981); waarüpö (M2000) | waɾupue (A1981) | inheritance | N Amaz subgroup | See Language page | |||||||
Piapoco | catá | katá | See Language page | |||||||||
Piaroa | yodo | jɤdɤ | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
Pilagá | 'piʔyaḳ | See Language page | ||||||||||
Pirriya | miila | unique | ||||||||||
Pitta-Pitta | mirtikarra | unique | ||||||||||
Plains Miwok | kawyl | inheritance | ||||||||||
Puinave | sai | sai | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
Pumé | ngẽnẽ | See Language page | ||||||||||
Páez | cus | See Language page | ||||||||||
Qawasqar | aḳyawe | Also means 'darkness' 01.620. Also yakapc̷ewe, which also means 'get dark'. Bo, Be, SpC record akyowe; Sk records kɬepe, which also means 'dark', for Central QWS. Hy records ako; Fi, Hy record yolape for South QWS. | See Language page | |||||||||
Quechua Ayacuchano | tuta | tuta | See Language page | |||||||||
Resígaro | naapí | naapí | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Rirratjingu | ga:muk, munha | |||||||||||
Ritharrngu | makarl | inheritance | ||||||||||
Salinan A | smA/khai (A), | unknown | ||||||||||
Salinan M | cmAkHa:/i | unknown | Mason 1918:133 | |||||||||
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité | piɬasip | See Language page | ||||||||||
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet | aɬtaʔa | See Language page | ||||||||||
Sanumá | numi, luɨ (both EM72, "dark time") | numi, luɨ (both EM72, "dark time") | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Sape | useyna | useyna | See Language page | |||||||||
Secoya | ñami | nãmĩ | See Language page | |||||||||
Selknam | x-è-ankˀn | See Language page | ||||||||||
Seri (Comcaac) | iha/moc | unknown | ||||||||||
Serrano | atu:k; tu:k | inheritance | ||||||||||
Shipibo-Konibo | yamɨ | 'Midnight' is yamɨ počinikõ. | See Language page | |||||||||
Sikuani | merawia (1) | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
Siona | yami | jami | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Siriano | buúru, ñamí | buúru, ñamí | See Language page | |||||||||
Sirionó | isa; itonaru | isa; itonaru | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
Southern Paiute | tugwa-S | inheritance | ||||||||||
Southern Sierra Miwok | kawyHl- | inheritance | ||||||||||
Southern Ute | tugwanatY | inheritance | ||||||||||
Suyá | akamɔ | akamɔ | See Language page | |||||||||
Sáliva | ãchiena 'at night' | ãtʃiena 'at night' | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
Tacana | ðiða | apo-daso 'by night'; apo-apo 'dusk'. | See Language page | |||||||||
Tanimuca | dyã'bĩã | ʎã'bĩã | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Tariana | déːpi, dépi | déːpi, dépi | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Tatuyo | jã'bĩ | jã'bĩ | See Language page | |||||||||
Taushiro | i´chia | iʔʃia | See Language page | |||||||||
Tehuelche | 'tˀēnš | See Language page | ||||||||||
Tikuna | chütaxũ [2, 5, 2] | tʃɨtaʔɨ̃ | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
Tiriyó | koko (at night) | koko | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Toba | pe | See Language page | ||||||||||
Trinitario | yoti | See Language page | ||||||||||
Trumai | šanixnis | šanixnis | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
Tukano | ñámí | ñámí | inheritance | E-W Tuk | See Language page | |||||||
Tuyuka | yã'bĩ | jãʔbĩ | See Language page | |||||||||
Tübatulabal | tukal, tuukal, tuukit | inheritance | ||||||||||
Tümpisa Shoshone | tukwanni, tukwawani | inheritance | ||||||||||
Urarina | hamunaa | hamuna: | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
Wai Wai | kosope | kosope | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Waikhana | jã'bĩ | jã'bĩ | See Language page | |||||||||
Waimaja | ñã́mĩ́ | ɲã́mĩ́ | See Language page | |||||||||
Waimiri Atroari | kyky | kɨkɨ | See Language page | |||||||||
Walmajarri | pukanyja | loan | ||||||||||
Wangkayutyuru | kuntuma (kuntunga?) | unique | ||||||||||
Waorani | woyowotæ̃ | unique | See Language page | |||||||||
Wapishana | wamarɨtʰan; marɨtʰa-ʔu | wamarɨtʰan; marɨtʰa-ʔu | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
Wappo | 7u/chu:a7 | unknown | ||||||||||
Warao | ima (darkness, night) | ima (daɾkness, night) | See Language page | |||||||||
Wari | šim | ʃim | See Language page | |||||||||
Warrwa | ngo:rra | ngo:rra | loan into protolanguage | |||||||||
Washo | da-pauwit | unknown | K311 | |||||||||
Waurá | yiyawa | jijawa | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
Wayampi | ɨpɨa | ɨpɨa | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Wayana | koko | koko | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Wayuu | hawai | Means 'by night'. Also ai. | See Language page | |||||||||
Western Mono | togawa/no “night-time” | inheritance | ||||||||||
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay | hona-'c̷i | Cf. 'darkness' 01.620; 'afternoon' 14.451. | See Language page | |||||||||
Wintu | cipi | unknown | ||||||||||
Wubuy | wuurn | unique | ||||||||||
Yabarana | koh'paje | See Language page | ||||||||||
Yagua | nupora | nupora | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
Yaminahua | βakiš; mã yamɨ-a | Respectively: 'dark; has become night'. | See Language page | |||||||||
Yan-nhangu | munha | inheritance | ||||||||||
Yandruwandha | mabumabu, milyaru | unique | ||||||||||
Yanomam | tɨtɨ, rua (both EM72, "dark time") | tɨtɨ, ɾua | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Yanomami | titi ha, titi (EM72 "dark time"), rua (EM72 "dark time") | titi ha, titi, ɾua | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Yarluyandi | palkara | unique | ||||||||||
Yavapai | hipa_:m “at night” | unknown | ||||||||||
Yavitero | yaľ̥i-na | jaľ̥i-na | See Language page | |||||||||
Yawarrawarrka | miljaru | loan | Arabana? | |||||||||
Yawuru | ngurra | ngurra | loan into protolanguage | |||||||||
Yokuts Palewyami | toyon | inheritance | K 1963 | |||||||||
Yokuts Yawdanchi | tHoyono | inheritance | K07:243, G64 | |||||||||
Yokuts Yowlumne | toy'no7 | inheritance | Golla 1964 | |||||||||
Yuhup | c'ǝb | c'ǝb | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Yuki | na,k, nok “dark, night” | inheritance | S&S1984 | |||||||||
Yukpa | koko | See Language page | ||||||||||
Yukuna | lapí | lapí | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Yuma | ti:nya:m “to be night” H4:21 | inheritance | ||||||||||
Yuruti | jã́bĩ | jã́bĩ | See Language page | |||||||||
Záparo | ninya | ninja | See Language page |
Language |
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