Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

person/human being

Semantic Field
human
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
persona
Meaning Portuguese
pessoa

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Bankalachi Toloim anghanīl (K1907) inheritance
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone nymy (nymi) inheritance
Cahuilla taxliswet inheritance S&H 1979
Central Sierra Miwok miw:y- inheritance
Chemehuevi nyw(y)/ inheritance
Chumash Barbareno ku inheritance Klar 1977:103
Chumash Cruzeno 7alajew “gentes” unknown JPH
Chumash Ineseno ku inheritance Klar 1977:103
Chumash Obispeno ti-tYu inheritance Klar 1977:103
Chumash Ventureno ku inheritance Klar 1977:103
Cocopa capa/y, capa:/y inheritance
Comanche nymy inheritance
Cupeño 'atax'a [ɁəˈtaxɁə] inheritance
Esselen 7efe/x:e, efexe unknown Shaul 1995:212 & voc
Gabrielino ta:xat (sg), tara:xat “people” inheritance
Iipay 'Aa 'iipay [Ɂiˑˈpai] inheritance
Kawaiisu nywy inheritance
Kiliwa 7-ipaa “gente” inheritance
Kitanemuk takat inheritance
Lake Miwok ko/oca unknown
Luiseño 7a-ta:x inheritance
Maidu ma/jdy inheritance
Mojave pi'pa inheritance
Mutsun 7ama “body, person” unknown O77:64
Nisenan majdyk (?) inheritance
Northern Paiute /nymy/ inheritance Thornes 03:356
Northern Sierra Miwok miw:y- inheritance
Plains Miwok mi:w, miw7:a “Indian” inheritance
Salinan A k'weL “people” (A only) loan
Salinan M Tepo:/'T' 'Indian, native' unknown Mason 1918:135
Seri (Comcaac) ziix quiisax “cosa que tiene vida” unknown
Serrano ta:q-t inheritance
Southern Paiute ny-N; nyngwy-S inheritance
Southern Sierra Miwok miw:yH- inheritance
Southern Ute nuuchI “Indian person” inheritance
Tübatulabal anghannil “people” inheritance
Tümpisa Shoshone nymy inheritance
Wappo k'a/: loan
Washo t'a/nu unknown J187
Western Mono nyymY “Indian” inheritance
Wintu winthu:h, winthuh, winthu:n inheritance
Yavapai ?pa/: inheritance
Yokuts Palewyami tah-aht “Indian person”; inheritance CHM Berman 2002
Yokuts Yawdanchi mai 238 inheritance K07:238
Yokuts Yowlumne yokHoch' inheritance Golla 1964
Yuki 7a:Yat, 7a(:)Tat “people, Indian (s), man, person loan into protolanguage S&S 1984
Yuma pa7i:pa:/ H1:30 inheritance
Baniwa newíki newíki inheritance See Language page
Carijona karihona (SM) inheritance See Language page
Cubeo põecʉ põɛkɨ inheritance See Language page
Dâw dâw dəw inheritance See Language page
Desano masʉ̃, masõ masɨ̃, masõ inheritance See Language page
Eñepa eʔɲapa eʔɲapa unique See Language page
Hodï ho (=body) unique See Language page
Waorani wao-kã unique See Language page
Hup húp húp inheritance See Language page
Kakua kãk inheritance See Language page
Makushi pemóŋkóŋ pemóŋkóŋ inheritance cognate Pemon See Language page
Nheengatu mira mira unknown See Language page
Ninam ninam ninam inheritance See Language page
Nukak nɨ4kãk1 inheritance See Language page
Maihiki mai aguɨ mai agɨ inheritance See Language page
Pemon pemon (M2000) inheritance cognate Macushi See Language page
Resígaro ináavi?žaánigí ináaviʔʒaánigí inheritance See Language page
Sanumá tsanɨma tsanɨma inheritance See Language page
Sikuani jiwi (2) (humnas, indigenous people) inheritance See Language page
Tariana nawíki 'people' nawíki 'people' inheritance See Language page
Tukano masṍ (fem.), masʉ́~ masṍ (fem.), masɨ́~ inheritance E-W Tuk See Language page
Kotiria ~basa/~basʉ ~basa/~basʉ inheritance E-W Tuk See Language page
Yanomam yãnomam jãnomam inheritance See Language page
Yanomami yãnõmãmɨ jãnõmãmɨ inheritance See Language page
Yukuna ina'uké ina'uké inheritance See Language page
Yuhup juhup juhup inheritance See Language page
Arabana nharla unique
Bardi ambooriny amburiny inheritance
Bunuba [missing] missing
Burarra wurra gama gorlk unknown
Dhangu 2978
Dhuwal 2978
Dhuwala yolŋu inheritance
Diyari karna inheritance
DiyariREU [missing] missing
Djambarrpuyngu 1687 inheritance
Djapu yolŋu inheritance
Djinang 2978 inheritance
Gajirrabeng jiwoogeng inheritance
Gooniyandi yoowooloo
Gupapuyngu yolŋu inheritance
Gurindji ngumpit inheritance
Jaru mabun semantic shift
Jawi amb amb inheritance
Karajarri 4927 inheritance
Kija jiyile- inheritance
Malyangapa ŋura unique
Mangala jipi, jiibi (C40) inheritance
Miriwung jawaleng inheritance
Mithaka karna inheritance
Mudburra -nganyju
Mudburra ngarrka semantic shift
Ngamini karna inheritance
Ngarluma mayaga
Ngumbarl womba wamba inheritance
Nhirrpi karna inheritance
Nimanburru waamburinyi waamburinyi inheritance
Northern Mangarla cipi
Northern Nyangumarta pirirri unknown
Nyangumarta 10127 unknown
Nyikina mabardoo mabardu loan
Paakantyi mali unique
Pirriya 3186 inheritance
Pitta-Pitta palku unique
Rirratjingu ḏirramu
Ritharrngu 2978 inheritance
Walmajarri piyirn inheritance
Wangkayutyuru muwa unique
Yan-nhangu ḏarramu inheritance
Yandruwandha karna inheritance
Yarluyandi ngarla inheritance
Yawarrawarrka karna inheritance
Yawuru ngarrungkarra ngarrungkarra unique
Achagua chóniwa (w&l) inheritance See Language page
Piapoco wenàiwica wenàiwika See Language page
Kabiyari néki-ri néki-ɾi See Language page
Yavitero ka'mewa ka'mewa See Language page
Bare khiñéne kʰiñéne See Language page
Wapishana pʰiˀdan pʰiˀdan unique See Language page
Mandawaka náwi náwi See Language page
Wayuu wayuu A non-Indian is aľihuna; kusina is a non-Guajiro Indian. See Language page
Paresi haliti haliti unknown See Language page
Ignaciano ačane; ačane-ana Also ema ačane; ačane-kene. See Language page
Trinitario ʔčane See Language page
Baure 'či-n-ti; čonoe- tʃi-n-ti; tʃonoe- inheritance See Language page
Waurá ĩyãu ĩjãu unknown prob. loan into Trumai See Language page
Arutani kina kina See Language page
Sape kamon kamon See Language page
Cha'palaa 'čači *South Barbacoan form is *čači. See Language page
Bora mɨ́amḯnaa, mḯnaa {people} mɨ́amɯ́naa, mɯ́naa {people} inheritance See Language page
Muinane míyámɨnaa {people} míjámɨnaa {people} See Language page
Akawaio ka'pong (SM) kaʔpoŋ (SM) inheritance Proto-Carib See Language page
Apalai ahno ahno unknown See Language page
Wayana wajana wajana inheritance See Language page
Tiriyó wɨtoto wɨtoto inheritance See Language page
Makiritare ssoto (IDS) ssoto inheritance See Language page
Mapoyo wanai wanai See Language page
Wai Wai tooto tooto inheritance See Language page
Waimiri Atroari kinja (people) (ACB 2003) See Language page
Yukpa yukpa (SM) yukpa (SM) See Language page
Kalapalo kuge; ukuge kuge; ukuge unknown See Language page
Muisca muysca muɨska See Language page
Barí barī *Chibchan form is *api-. See Language page
Northern Emberá ẽmberá ẽmberá See Language page
Epena e'perã See Language page
Guayabero hiw inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page
Macaguan -kui -kui unique See Language page
Cofán a´i aʔi phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra tpootsi tpootsi unique See Language page
Taushiro ite´chi (people) itɨʔʃi See Language page
Páez nasa See Language page
Tikuna vuó-e (Alv44) wuó-e (Alv44) unique See Language page
Urarina katɕa 'man, person' katʃa 'man, person' unique See Language page
Camsa entzá entʂa See Language page
Andoke hʌ́ihʌ́ (human) hʌ́ihʌ́ (human) unique See Language page
Pumé pũmẽ See Language page
Puinave epin epin unique See Language page
Máku dzoʔkude dzoʔkude See Language page
Ashuar áints aints See Language page
Huambisa shuar ʃuar See Language page
Aguaruna aénts aɨnts inheritance See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect jihub inheritance See Language page
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect juhub See Language page
Matses matses matses unknown See Language page
Kakataibo oni; βɨβo *Panoan *oni; *βɨ̃βo. See Language page
Katukina nokɨ Also means 'we' 02.940; 'people' 19.210. See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo honi See Language page
Yaminahua yora Also means 'body' 04.110; 'people' 19.210. See Language page
Chácobo noʔiria; karayana (the latter refers to outsiders who are not indigenous) noʔiria; karayana (the latter refers to outsiders who are not indigenous) unknown See Language page
Yagua nijyami nixjãmi unique See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua runa ɾuna See Language page
Ingá runa runa See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua duiñu duiɲu See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano runa runa See Language page
Piaroa tjüja isa thɨhɑ̃ ĩsɑ̃ unknown See Language page
Sáliva joxo hoxo unknown See Language page
Bará baho'ka (people) See Language page
Barasano ~basɨ (m.); ~baso (f.) ~basɨ (m.); ~baso (f.) See Language page
Carapana kã-bãsã́ 'people' kã-bãsã́ 'people' See Language page
Makuna ~basɨ (m.); ~baso (f.) ~basɨ (m.); ~baso (f.) inheritance See Language page
Yuruti baso'ká baso'ká See Language page
Waikhana bã'sã bã'sã See Language page
Siriano bã'sá-ka 'people' bã'sá-ka 'people' See Language page
Tanimuca põʔĩbã-hã 'people' põʔĩbã-hã 'people' inheritance See Language page
Tatuyo kã-bãhã 'people' kã-bãhã 'people' See Language page
Tuyuka baso'kɨ basoʔkɨ See Language page
Waimaja bóhó'ká (people) bóhó'ká (people) See Language page
Koreguaje pãiʉ pãiʉ inheritance See Language page
Siona waʔkˀɨ; wãĩkˀɨ; wãĩkˀo waʔkˀɨ; wãĩkˀɨ; wãĩkˀo inheritance See Language page
Secoya pai (people) pã'ɨ̃ (people) See Language page
Karitiana ota ota unknown See Language page
Kokama awa awa inheritance See Language page
Wayampi tɛkɔ; mira tɛkɔ; mira unique; loan from Nheengatu (acc. IDS) See Language page
Aché ače inheritance See Language page
Chiriguano ᵐbɨa; karai inheritance See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní ava; 'mava; tekove See Language page
Sirionó mia; aba mo; emo mia; aba mo; emo inheritance See Language page
Kamayurá awa awa inheritance See Language page
Ocaina jaróhtuh haróʔtuʔ unique See Language page
Nɨpode Witoto komïnï {people} komɯnɯ {people} See Language page
Minica Witoto komḯnï {people} komɯ́nɯ {people} See Language page
Murui Witoto komïnï {people} komɯnɯ {people} inheritance/Witoto See Language page
Iquito caáya kaája inheritance See Language page
Záparo kaya (nuestraˌ no ajena) kaja See Language page
Wari wariʔ wariʔ Means '1ppl incl emphatic pronoun'. See Language page
Araona e-kʷiča; c̷edapo *Tacn form is *e-kita. See Language page
Ese Ejja -dexa; -pona unique See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo ese exa; dexa ese exa; dexa See Language page
Cavineña e-kʷita e-kʷita inheritance See Language page
Central Aymara jaqe xaḳi See Language page
Cayuvava duaβa; dapoa See Language page
Itonama u-buwa See Language page
Kwazá mãrɛ̃ritsa mãrɛ̃ritsa See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané 'mointki See Language page
Movima huye-ni huje-ni See Language page
Trumai iau iau loan Waura See Language page
Kaingang fòg (non-indigenous person) wɛ̃ɲʔũ; saɲ; kaɲŋəŋ See Language page
Suyá mẽ mẽ See Language page
Karajá inɨ See Language page
Djeoromitxi hikäbü hikǝbø See Language page
Chipaya ṣ̌oɲi Uru-J form is ṣ̌oɲi. See Language page
Mocoví ḳom le-ʔek Lit. 'people 3p possessor-member (masc)'; fem. is ḳom l-ase. See Language page
Pilagá siy-aʁawa Lit. '?-companion'; cf. 19.510. See Language page
Toba šiy-aʁawa; šig-aʁawa -aʁawa means 'companion'. See Language page
Lengua enɬit Also means 'man' 02.210, and is the name the people call themselves. See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité inɬit; ininɬit See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet enɬet See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay wi'či Western dialect is wi'kʸe. See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja inyoʔ See Language page
Nivaclé niwakle; -ɬeč; -'waʔča person, human being Respectively: means 'people'; suffixes, which occur as pronominal roots. https://ids.clld.org/
Ayoreo ayo'r-e See Language page
Mapudungun če Same form in Ranquel. See Language page
Qawasqar ḳawas-ḳʰar See Language page
Selknam čonn See Language page
Lokono loko loko person, people Fanshawe 1949:68
Kariña kari'nja kariʔnja person; Kari'nja, Indian Yamada 2010:748