Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

person/human being

Semantic Field: human
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: persona
Meaning Portuguese: pessoa

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Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Loan Source	General Notes	Source
Achagua	chóniwa (w&l)			inheritance			See Language page
Aché		ače		inheritance			See Language page
Aguaruna	aénts	aɨnts		inheritance			See Language page
Akawaio	ka'pong (SM)	kaʔpoŋ (SM)		inheritance	Proto-Carib		See Language page
Andoke	hʌ́ihʌ́ (human)	hʌ́ihʌ́ (human)		unique			See Language page
Apalai	ahno	ahno		unknown			See Language page
Arabana	nharla			unique
Araona		e-kʷiča; c̷edapo				Tacn form is e-kita.	See Language page
Arutani	kina	kina					See Language page
Ashuar	áints	aints					See Language page
Ayoreo		ayo'r-e					See Language page
Baniwa	newíki	newíki		inheritance			See Language page
Bankalachi Toloim	anghanīl (K1907)			inheritance
Barasano	~basɨ (m.); ~baso (f.)	~basɨ (m.); ~baso (f.)					See Language page
Bardi	ambooriny	amburiny		inheritance
Bare	khiñéne	kʰiñéne					See Language page
Bará		baho'ka (people)					See Language page
Barí		barī				Chibchan form is api-.	See Language page
Baure	'či-n-ti; čonoe-	tʃi-n-ti; tʃonoe-		inheritance			See Language page
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone	nymy (nymi)			inheritance
Bora	mɨ́amḯnaa, mḯnaa {people}	mɨ́amɯ́naa, mɯ́naa {people}		inheritance			See Language page
Bunuba	[missing]			missing
Burarra	wurra gama gorlk			unknown
Cahuilla	taxliswet			inheritance			S&H 1979
Camsa	entzá	entʂa					See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra	tpootsi	tpootsi		unique			See Language page
Carapana	kã-bãsã́ 'people'	kã-bãsã́ 'people'					See Language page
Carijona	karihona (SM)			inheritance			See Language page
Cavineña	e-kʷita	e-kʷita		inheritance			See Language page
Cayuvava		duaβa; dapoa					See Language page
Central Aymara	jaqe	xaḳi					See Language page
Central Sierra Miwok	miw:y-			inheritance
Cha'palaa		'čači				South Barbacoan form is čači.	See Language page
Chemehuevi	nyw(y)/			inheritance
Chipaya		ṣ̌oɲi				Uru-J form is ṣ̌oɲi.	See Language page
Chiriguano		ᵐbɨa; karai		inheritance			See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja		inyoʔ					See Language page
Chumash Barbareno	ku			inheritance			Klar 1977:103
Chumash Cruzeno	7alajew “gentes”			unknown			JPH
Chumash Ineseno	ku			inheritance			Klar 1977:103
Chumash Obispeno	ti-tYu			inheritance			Klar 1977:103
Chumash Ventureno	ku			inheritance			Klar 1977:103
Chácobo	noʔiria; karayana (the latter refers to outsiders who are not indigenous)	noʔiria; karayana (the latter refers to outsiders who are not indigenous)		unknown			See Language page
Cocopa	capa/y, capa:/y			inheritance
Cofán	a´i	aʔi				phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS	See Language page
Comanche	nymy			inheritance
Cubeo	põecʉ	põɛkɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Cupeño	'atax'a	[ɁəˈtaxɁə]		inheritance
Desano	masʉ̃, masõ	masɨ̃, masõ		inheritance			See Language page
Dhangu	2978
Dhuwal	2978
Dhuwala	yolŋu			inheritance
Diyari	karna			inheritance
DiyariREU	[missing]			missing
Djambarrpuyngu	1687			inheritance
Djapu	yolŋu			inheritance
Djeoromitxi	hikäbü	hikǝbø					See Language page
Djinang	2978			inheritance
Dâw	dâw	dəw		inheritance			See Language page
Epena		e'perã					See Language page
Ese Ejja		-dexa; -pona		unique			See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo	ese exa; dexa	ese exa; dexa					See Language page
Esselen	7efe/x:e, efexe			unknown			Shaul 1995:212 & voc
Eñepa	eʔɲapa	eʔɲapa		unique			See Language page
Gabrielino	ta:xat (sg), tara:xat “people”			inheritance
Gajirrabeng	jiwoogeng			inheritance
Gooniyandi	yoowooloo
Guayabero		hiw		inheritance	Proto-Guahiban		See Language page
Gupapuyngu	yolŋu			inheritance
Gurindji	ngumpit			inheritance
Hodï	ho (=body)			unique			See Language page
Huambisa	shuar	ʃuar					See Language page
Hup	húp	húp		inheritance			See Language page
Ignaciano		ačane; ačane-ana				Also ema ačane; ačane-kene.	See Language page
Iipay 'Aa	'iipay	[Ɂiˑˈpai]		inheritance
Ingá	runa	runa					See Language page
Iquito	caáya	kaája		inheritance			See Language page
Itonama		u-buwa					See Language page
Jaru	mabun			semantic shift
Jawi	amb	amb		inheritance
Kabiyari	néki-ri	néki-ɾi					See Language page
Kaingang	fòg (non-indigenous person)	wɛ̃ɲʔũ; saɲ; kaɲŋəŋ					See Language page
Kakataibo		oni; βɨβo				Panoan oni; *βɨ̃βo.	See Language page
Kakua		kãk		inheritance			See Language page
Kalapalo	kuge; ukuge	kuge; ukuge		unknown			See Language page
Kamayurá	awa	awa		inheritance			See Language page
Karajarri	4927			inheritance
Karajá		inɨ					See Language page
Kariña	kari'nja	kariʔnja	person; Kari'nja, Indian				Yamada 2010:748
Karitiana	ota	ota		unknown			See Language page
Katukina		nokɨ				Also means 'we' 02.940; 'people' 19.210.	See Language page
Kawaiisu	nywy			inheritance
Kija	jiyile-			inheritance
Kiliwa	7-ipaa “gente”			inheritance
Kitanemuk	takat			inheritance
Kokama	awa	awa		inheritance			See Language page
Koreguaje	pãiʉ	pãiʉ		inheritance			See Language page
Kotiria	~basa/~basʉ	~basa/~basʉ		inheritance	E-W Tuk		See Language page
Kwazá	mãrɛ̃ritsa	mãrɛ̃ritsa					See Language page
Lake Miwok	ko/oca			unknown
Lengua		enɬit				Also means 'man' 02.210, and is the name the people call themselves.	See Language page
Lokono	loko	loko	person, people				Fanshawe 1949:68
Luiseño	7a-ta:x			inheritance
Macaguan	-kui	-kui		unique			See Language page
Maidu	ma/jdy			inheritance
Maihiki	mai aguɨ	mai agɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Makiritare	ssoto (IDS)	ssoto		inheritance			See Language page
Makuna	~basɨ (m.); ~baso (f.)	~basɨ (m.); ~baso (f.)		inheritance			See Language page
Makushi	pemóŋkóŋ	pemóŋkóŋ		inheritance	cognate Pemon		See Language page
Malyangapa	ŋura			unique
Mandawaka	náwi	náwi					See Language page
Mangala	jipi, jiibi (C40)			inheritance
Mapoyo	wanai	wanai					See Language page
Mapudungun		če				Same form in Ranquel.	See Language page
Matses	matses	matses		unknown			See Language page
Minica Witoto	komḯnï {people}	komɯ́nɯ {people}					See Language page
Miriwung	jawaleng			inheritance
Mithaka	karna			inheritance
Mocoví		ḳom le-ʔek				Lit. 'people 3p possessor-member (masc)'; fem. is ḳom l-ase.	See Language page
Mojave	pi'pa			inheritance
Mosetén-Chimané		'mointki					See Language page
Movima	huye-ni	huje-ni					See Language page
Mudburra	-nganyju
Mudburra	ngarrka			semantic shift
Muinane	míyámɨnaa {people}	míjámɨnaa {people}					See Language page
Muisca	muysca	muɨska					See Language page
Murui Witoto	komïnï {people}	komɯnɯ {people}		inheritance/Witoto			See Language page
Mutsun	7ama “body, person”			unknown			O77:64
Máku	dzoʔkude	dzoʔkude					See Language page
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect		juhub					See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect		jihub		inheritance			See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua	duiñu	duiɲu					See Language page
Ngamini	karna			inheritance
Ngarluma	mayaga
Ngumbarl	womba	wamba		inheritance
Nheengatu	mira	mira		unknown			See Language page
Nhirrpi	karna			inheritance
Nimanburru	waamburinyi	waamburinyi		inheritance
Ninam	ninam	ninam		inheritance			See Language page
Nisenan	majdyk (?)			inheritance
Nivaclé		niwakle; -ɬeč; -'waʔča	person, human being			Respectively: means 'people'; suffixes, which occur as pronominal roots.	https://ids.clld.org/
Northern Emberá	ẽmberá	ẽmberá					See Language page
Northern Mangarla	cipi
Northern Nyangumarta	pirirri			unknown
Northern Paiute	/nymy/			inheritance			Thornes 03:356
Northern Sierra Miwok	miw:y-			inheritance
Nukak		nɨ4kãk1		inheritance			See Language page
Nyangumarta	10127			unknown
Nyikina	mabardoo	mabardu		loan
Nɨpode Witoto	komïnï {people}	komɯnɯ {people}					See Language page
Ocaina	jaróhtuh	haróʔtuʔ		unique			See Language page
Paakantyi	mali			unique
Paraguayan Guaraní		ava; 'mava; tekove					See Language page
Paresi	haliti	haliti		unknown			See Language page
Pemon	pemon (M2000)			inheritance	cognate Macushi		See Language page
Piapoco	wenàiwica	wenàiwika					See Language page
Piaroa	tjüja isa	thɨhɑ̃ ĩsɑ̃		unknown			See Language page
Pilagá		siy-aʁawa				Lit. '?-companion'; cf. 19.510.	See Language page
Pirriya	3186			inheritance
Pitta-Pitta	palku			unique
Plains Miwok	mi:w, miw7:a “Indian”			inheritance
Puinave	epin	epin		unique			See Language page
Pumé	pũmẽ						See Language page
Páez	nasa						See Language page
Qawasqar		ḳawas-ḳʰar					See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano	runa	runa					See Language page
Resígaro	ináavi?žaánigí	ináaviʔʒaánigí		inheritance			See Language page
Rirratjingu	ḏirramu
Ritharrngu	2978			inheritance
Salinan A	k'weL “people” (A only)			loan
Salinan M	Tepo:/'T' 'Indian, native'			unknown			Mason 1918:135
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité		inɬit; ininɬit					See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet		enɬet					See Language page
Sanumá	tsanɨma	tsanɨma		inheritance			See Language page
Sape	kamon	kamon					See Language page
Secoya	pai (people)	pã'ɨ̃ (people)					See Language page
Selknam		čonn					See Language page
Seri (Comcaac)	ziix quiisax “cosa que tiene vida”			unknown
Serrano	ta:q-t			inheritance
Shipibo-Konibo		honi					See Language page
Sikuani	jiwi (2) (humnas, indigenous people)			inheritance			See Language page
Siona	waʔkˀɨ; wãĩkˀɨ; wãĩkˀo	waʔkˀɨ; wãĩkˀɨ; wãĩkˀo		inheritance			See Language page
Siriano	bã'sá-ka 'people'	bã'sá-ka 'people'					See Language page
Sirionó	mia; aba mo; emo	mia; aba mo; emo		inheritance			See Language page
Southern Paiute	ny-N; nyngwy-S			inheritance
Southern Pastaza Quechua	runa	ɾuna					See Language page
Southern Sierra Miwok	miw:yH-			inheritance
Southern Ute	nuuchI “Indian person”			inheritance
Suyá	mẽ	mẽ					See Language page
Sáliva	joxo	hoxo		unknown			See Language page
Tanimuca	põʔĩbã-hã 'people'	põʔĩbã-hã 'people'		inheritance			See Language page
Tariana	nawíki 'people'	nawíki 'people'		inheritance			See Language page
Tatuyo	kã-bãhã 'people'	kã-bãhã 'people'					See Language page
Taushiro	ite´chi (people)	itɨʔʃi					See Language page
Tikuna	vuó-e (Alv44)	wuó-e (Alv44)		unique			See Language page
Tiriyó	wɨtoto	wɨtoto		inheritance			See Language page
Toba		šiy-aʁawa; šig-aʁawa				-aʁawa means 'companion'.	See Language page
Trinitario		ʔčane					See Language page
Trumai	iau	iau		loan	Waura		See Language page
Tukano	masṍ (fem.), masʉ́~	masṍ (fem.), masɨ́~		inheritance	E-W Tuk		See Language page
Tuyuka	baso'kɨ	basoʔkɨ					See Language page
Tübatulabal	anghannil “people”			inheritance
Tümpisa Shoshone	nymy			inheritance
Urarina	katɕa 'man, person'	katʃa 'man, person'		unique			See Language page
Wai Wai	tooto	tooto		inheritance			See Language page
Waikhana	bã'sã	bã'sã					See Language page
Waimaja	bóhó'ká (people)	bóhó'ká (people)					See Language page
Waimiri Atroari	kinja (people) (ACB 2003)						See Language page
Walmajarri	piyirn			inheritance
Wangkayutyuru	muwa			unique
Waorani	wao-kã			unique			See Language page
Wapishana	pʰiˀdan	pʰiˀdan		unique			See Language page
Wappo	k'a/:			loan
Wari	wariʔ	wariʔ				Means '1ppl incl emphatic pronoun'.	See Language page
Washo	t'a/nu			unknown			J187
Waurá	ĩyãu	ĩjãu		unknown	prob. loan into Trumai		See Language page
Wayampi	tɛkɔ; mira	tɛkɔ; mira		unique; loan	from Nheengatu (acc. IDS)		See Language page
Wayana	wajana	wajana		inheritance			See Language page
Wayuu		wayuu				A non-Indian is aľihuna; kusina is a non-Guajiro Indian.	See Language page
Western Mono	nyymY “Indian”			inheritance
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay		wi'či				Western dialect is wi'kʸe.	See Language page
Wintu	winthu:h, winthuh, winthu:n			inheritance
Yagua	nijyami	nixjãmi		unique			See Language page
Yaminahua		yora				Also means 'body' 04.110; 'people' 19.210.	See Language page
Yan-nhangu	ḏarramu			inheritance
Yandruwandha	karna			inheritance
Yanomam	yãnomam	jãnomam		inheritance			See Language page
Yanomami	yãnõmãmɨ	jãnõmãmɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Yarluyandi	ngarla			inheritance
Yavapai	?pa/:			inheritance
Yavitero	ka'mewa	ka'mewa					See Language page
Yawarrawarrka	karna			inheritance
Yawuru	ngarrungkarra	ngarrungkarra		unique
Yokuts Palewyami	tah-aht “Indian person”;			inheritance			CHM Berman 2002
Yokuts Yawdanchi	mai 238			inheritance			K07:238
Yokuts Yowlumne	yokHoch'			inheritance			Golla 1964
Yuhup	juhup	juhup		inheritance			See Language page
Yuki	7a:Yat, 7a(:)Tat “people, Indian (s), man, person			loan into protolanguage			S&S 1984
Yukpa	yukpa (SM)	yukpa (SM)					See Language page
Yukuna	ina'uké	ina'uké		inheritance			See Language page
Yuma	pa7i:pa:/ H1:30			inheritance
Yuruti	baso'ká	baso'ká					See Language page
Záparo	kaya (nuestraˌ no ajena)	kaja					See Language page


Achagua
Aché
Aguaruna
Akawaio
Andoke
Apalai
Arabana
Araona
Arutani
Ashuar
Ayoreo
Baniwa
Bankalachi Toloim
Barasano
Bardi
Bare
Bará
Barí
Baure
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Bora
Bunuba
Burarra
Cahuilla
Camsa
Candoshi-Shapra
Carapana
Carijona
Cavineña
Cayuvava
Central Aymara
Central Sierra Miwok
Cha'palaa
Chemehuevi
Chipaya
Chiriguano
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Cruzeno
Chumash Ineseno
Chumash Obispeno
Chumash Ventureno
Chácobo
Cocopa
Cofán
Comanche
Cubeo
Cupeño
Desano
Dhangu
Dhuwal
Dhuwala
Diyari
DiyariREU
Djambarrpuyngu
Djapu
Djeoromitxi
Djinang
Dâw
Epena
Ese Ejja
Ese Ejja/Huarayo
Esselen
Eñepa
Gabrielino
Gajirrabeng
Gooniyandi
Guayabero
Gupapuyngu
Gurindji
Hodï
Huambisa
Hup
Ignaciano
Iipay 'Aa
Ingá
Iquito
Itonama
Jaru
Jawi
Kabiyari
Kaingang
Kakataibo
Kakua
Kalapalo
Kamayurá
Karajarri
Karajá
Kariña
Karitiana
Katukina
Kawaiisu
Kija
Kiliwa
Kitanemuk
Kokama
Koreguaje
Kotiria
Kwazá
Lake Miwok
Lengua
Lokono
Luiseño
Macaguan
Maidu
Maihiki
Makiritare
Makuna
Makushi
Malyangapa
Mandawaka
Mangala
Mapoyo
Mapudungun
Matses
Minica Witoto
Miriwung
Mithaka
Mocoví
Mojave
Mosetén-Chimané
Movima
Mudburra
Mudburra
Muinane
Muisca
Murui Witoto
Mutsun
Máku
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect
Nadëb/Roçado dialect
Napo Lowland Quichua
Ngamini
Ngarluma
Ngumbarl
Nheengatu
Nhirrpi
Nimanburru
Ninam
Nisenan
Nivaclé
Northern Emberá
Northern Mangarla
Northern Nyangumarta
Northern Paiute
Northern Sierra Miwok
Nukak
Nyangumarta
Nyikina
Nɨpode Witoto
Ocaina
Paakantyi
Paraguayan Guaraní
Paresi
Pemon
Piapoco
Piaroa
Pilagá
Pirriya
Pitta-Pitta
Plains Miwok
Puinave
Pumé
Páez
Qawasqar
Quechua Ayacuchano
Resígaro
Rirratjingu
Ritharrngu
Salinan A
Salinan M
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet
Sanumá
Sape
Secoya
Selknam
Seri (Comcaac)
Serrano
Shipibo-Konibo
Sikuani
Siona
Siriano
Sirionó
Southern Paiute
Southern Pastaza Quechua
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Ute
Suyá
Sáliva
Tanimuca
Tariana
Tatuyo
Taushiro
Tikuna
Tiriyó
Toba
Trinitario
Trumai
Tukano
Tuyuka
Tübatulabal
Tümpisa Shoshone
Urarina
Wai Wai
Waikhana
Waimaja
Waimiri Atroari
Walmajarri
Wangkayutyuru
Waorani
Wapishana
Wappo
Wari
Washo
Waurá
Wayampi
Wayana
Wayuu
Western Mono
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay
Wintu
Yagua
Yaminahua
Yan-nhangu
Yandruwandha
Yanomam
Yanomami
Yarluyandi
Yavapai
Yavitero
Yawarrawarrka
Yawuru
Yokuts Palewyami
Yokuts Yawdanchi
Yokuts Yowlumne
Yuhup
Yuki
Yukpa
Yukuna
Yuma
Yuruti
Záparo

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