Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

woman/female

Semantic Field: human
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: mujer
Meaning Portuguese: mulher

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Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Loan Source	General Notes	Source
Achagua	í:na, í:neto:	í:na, í:neto:		inheritance			See Language page
Aché		kuǰã		inheritance			See Language page
Aguaruna	núwa	núwa		inheritance			See Language page
Akawaio	uuriichang	uritʃaŋ		inheritance	Proto-Carib		See Language page
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect	uriʃaŋ	uriʃaŋ					See Language page
Andoke	tíi	tíi		unique			See Language page
Apalai	nohpo tomo (pl)	nohpo tomo (pl)		unique			See Language page
Arabana	uljurla			unique
Araona		pona; mama				A term to indicate a woman of the opposite clan is kʷala; any woman of the opposite clan is wadi. Tacn form is e-pona.	See Language page
Arutani	kari	kaɾi					See Language page
Ashuar	núwa	nuwa					See Language page
Ayoreo		ayo're					See Language page
Baniwa	íinaro	íinaɻo		inheritance			See Language page
Bankalachi Toloim	ko'-im 171; goim (K1907)			unknown
Barasano	~robi-o	~robi-o					See Language page
Bardi	orany	oorany		inheritance
Bare	hiñátʃati	hiñátʃati					See Language page
Bará		baho'ko, dũbĩ'õ					See Language page
Barí		byoo				Colombia: biorə.	See Language page
Baure	e'ton	e'ton		inheritance			See Language page
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone	hypi			inheritance
Bora	kwa-ĉe	kwa-tʃɛ		inheritance			See Language page
Bunuba	[missing]			missing
Burarra	gama			unknown
Cahuilla	nyichily			inheritance			S&H 1979
Camsa	ʃembása	ʃembása					See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra	kiiza	kiiʂa		unique			See Language page
Carapana	carõmio	kaɾɔ̃miɔ					See Language page
Carijona	wəritʃi			inheritance			See Language page
Cavineña	e-pona	e-pona		inheritance			See Language page
Cayuvava		tɔrene ~ tɔ̃rene; 'maβo					See Language page
Central Aymara	warmi (loan?)	warmi					See Language page
Central Sierra Miwok	7o/sh:a-			inheritance
Cha'palaa		šinbu; 'su-pu				Dialectal variant is šimbu. Latter form is, lit. 'vagina-is'.	See Language page
Chemehuevi	mama/7u(u);			inheritance			JPH
Chipaya		maataḳa; ṣ̌on				Cf. 'dress' 06.420. Uru-I form is urku.	See Language page
Chiriguano		kũɲa		inheritance			See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja		axwuʔ					See Language page
Chumash Barbareno	enex			inheritance			Sapir 1920:289
Chumash Cruzeno	hemych			unknown			JPH
Chumash Ineseno	7eneq			inheritance			A 7, K 1977:133
Chumash Obispeno	ktasitYuju			unknown			JPH
Chumash Ventureno	x7anwa			unknown			Harrington 1974:9
Chácobo	yoṣ̌a	yoṣ̌a		inheritance			See Language page
Cocopa	s7ak			inheritance
Cofán	pushesu	pyʃɛsɯ				phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS	See Language page
Comanche	hybi “middle-aged”, hybi tsiitsi7 “elderly”			inheritance
Cubeo	nomió	nomió		inheritance			See Language page
Cuiva		petsiríwa, jabɨ́-jo	mujer, woman				Huber & Reed 1992:40
Cupeño	nawika-t	[nəˈwikət]		loan
Desano	noméo	noméo		inheritance			See Language page
Dhangu	baṯami			semantic shift	Burarra
Dhuwal	[missing]			missing
Dhuwala	baṯami			loan
Diyari	wilha			inheritance
DiyariREU	pitjiri			unique
Djambarrpuyngu	waṯa
Djapu	waṯa
Djeoromitxi	pako	pako					See Language page
Djinang	barrpi			unknown
Dâw	ãày	ʔã̂j		inheritance			See Language page
Epena		'wẽra				'Indian woman' is e'perã 'wẽra.	See Language page
Ese Ejja		e-pona; e-wanasia		inheritance			See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo	e-pona	e-pona					See Language page
Esselen	ta- ; tanutch-k			unknown			Shaul 1995:220, 221
Eñepa	wïnkï, Var. wïnkït, wïnkïï (MM)	wïnkï, Var. wïnkït, wïnkïï (MM)		inheritance			See Language page
Gabrielino	toko:ra (obj. case form)			inheritance
Gajirrabeng	gabeleng			inheritance
Gooniyandi	goornboo
Guayabero		puwís		unique			See Language page
Gupapuyngu	waṯa
Gurindji	janka			inheritance
Hodï	au			unique			See Language page
Huambisa	nuwa	nuwa					See Language page
Hup	tãʔã́y [1st syllable comes from 3sg pn tɨh]	~taʔáj		inheritance			See Language page
Ignaciano		esena					See Language page
Iipay 'Aa	siny	[siɲ]		inheritance
Ingá	warmi	warmi					See Language page
Iquito	mɨɨsáji	mɨɨsáhi		unique			See Language page
Itonama		wabɨʔka				Plural form is uʔ-wabɨ.	See Language page
Jabirr-Jabirr	warany	warany		inheritance
Jaru	ngaringga,			unique
Jawi	hoarrang	hoarrang		inheritance
Kabiyari	nanáwí	nanáwí					See Language page
Kaingang	ũ-tỹtà	Φi; ũ-tə̃tə; ũ-tətə; ũ-tãtə					See Language page
Kakataibo		ṣ̌ano				Panoan ʔawĩβo.	See Language page
Kakua		jadn		unique			See Language page
Kalapalo	itaű	itaű		unique			See Language page
Kamayurá	kujɑ̃	kujɑ̃		inheritance			See Language page
Karajarri	wakala			inheritance
Karajá		hãwɨɨ					See Language page
Kariña	woryi	worɨi	woman				Yamada 2010:828
Karitiana	nhõnso	ɲõnso		unknown			See Language page
Katukina		aĩ-βo				Cf. the -bo endings on names of related groups in Panoan family.	See Language page
Kawaiisu	momo7o			inheritance
Kija	ngali-l			inheritance
Kiliwa	kW-kuu, kW-ku-t-u “hembra”			inheritance
Kitanemuk	kwihak			unknown
Kokama	huaina	waina		inheritance?			See Language page
Koreguaje	pãio	pãio		inheritance	shared Siona		See Language page
Kotiria	~dubi	~dubi		inheritance	E-W Tuk		See Language page
Kwazá	etay, -tay	etay, -tay					See Language page
Lake Miwok	po/cci, p'o/cci			loan
Lengua		(in)kilana				The first syllable is often deleted.	See Language page
Lokono	hiaro	hiaɾo	woman				Pet 1987:377
Luiseño	Sunga:-l			inheritance
Maca		efu (f.)					See Language page
Macaguan	warapénʉ	warapénɨ		doubtful loan	Carib, e.g. Pemon weri; see also N. Embera wẽra		See Language page
Maidu	kyle/			inheritance
Maihiki	nomio ago	nomio ago		inheritance			See Language page
Makiritare	wodi (IDS, KH)	wodi		inheritance			See Language page
Makuna	~robio	~robio		inheritance			See Language page
Makushi	wɨriʔ (SIL)	wɨriʔ (SIL)		inheritance			See Language page
Malyangapa	walka			inheritance
Mandawaka	ináː-lutʃa	ináː-lutʃa					See Language page
Mangala	marnin			unknown
Mapoyo	wërya'mu	wɛrja'mu					See Language page
Mapudungun		θomo				Ranquel form is ðomo.	See Language page
Matses	chiro	tʃiɾó		unknown	also 'wife'		See Language page
Minica Witoto	rḯ-ŋo	rɯ́-ŋo					See Language page
Miriwung	gawilang			inheritance
Mithaka	pulurlu			unique
Mocoví		ʔaalo					See Language page
Mojave	thinya'aak			inheritance
Mosetén-Chimané		'pheɲ					See Language page
Movima	kʷeya	kʷeja					See Language page
Mudburra	kirri
Mudburra	kirri			doubtful loan
Muinane	gáí-go {being-female}	gáí-go {being-female}					See Language page
Muisca	muysca fucha	muɨska puʂa					See Language page
Murui Witoto	rï-ño	rɯ-ɲo		inheritance/Witotoan			See Language page
Mutsun	mukurma			inheritance			O77:84, 315
Máku	ne:labə	ne:labə					See Language page
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect		ʔɨ̃ːɲ					See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect		ʔɨ̃ːɲ, ʔɨ̃ːj		inheritance			See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua	huarmi	waɾmi					See Language page
Ngamini	widla			inheritance
Ngarluma	manga
Ngumbarl	jandoo	jarndu		inheritance
Nheengatu	kuyã, way (old woman)	kujã, wai (old woman)		inheritance			See Language page
Nhirrpi	iwa			unique
Nimanburru	worinj	woriny		inheritance
Ninam	thuwe, thɨwə (EM72)	tʰuwe		inheritance			See Language page
Nisenan	kyle			inheritance
Nivaclé		niwak-če	woman				https://ids.clld.org/
Northern Emberá	wẽ́ra	wẽ́ra					See Language page
Northern Mangarla	marnin
Northern Nyangumarta	mirlkarr			inheritance
Northern Paiute	[moqo/7ni			inheritance			Thornes 03:40
Northern Sierra Miwok	7os:a-			inheritance
Nukak		nɨ4mat1		unique			See Language page
Nyangumarta	mirtawa			inheritance
Nyikina	marnin	marnin		loan	Ngumpin-Yapa
Nyulnyul	woriny	woriny		inheritance
Nɨpode Witoto	rḯ-ŋo	rɯ́-ŋo					See Language page
Ocaina	maami	maami		doubtful loan	Spanish?		See Language page
Paakantyi	nongo			unique
Pacahuara		'yoṣ̌a				d'Orb yucha, yuča. Heath yu-sá-bu. Arm yosa.	See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní		kuɲa					See Language page
Paresi	ohiro; haloti 'Paresi woman'	ohiro; haloti 'Paresi woman'		inheritance?			See Language page
Pemon	weri (A1981); wörü (M2000)	weɾi (A1981)		inheritance			See Language page
Piapoco	inanái	inanái					See Language page
Piaroa	isaju	isahu		unknown			See Language page
Pilagá		yawo					See Language page
Pirriya	warruŋo			unique
Pitta-Pitta	parratya			unique
Plains Miwok	72s2:72h, 7ysy:7yh			inheritance
Puinave	den	den		unique			See Language page
Pumé	iãĩ						See Language page
Páez	petam	petam					See Language page
Qawasqar		esatap				SpC, Gui record eɬatap; AgC, Sk, Bo record serks for Central QWS. Fi, Hy, SpS record eɬarapes for South QWS.	See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano	warmi	waɾmi					See Language page
Resígaro	ináadó	ináadó		inheritance			See Language page
Rirratjingu	baṯami, miyalk, dha:yka
Ritharrngu	dhiŋ'			loan
Salinan A	ltes'e/7 (A),			unknown
Salinan M	lene/'			unknown			Mason 1918:134
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité		ankilwana					See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet		kelwaanaʔa					See Language page
Sanumá	suɨtə (EM72)	suɨtə (EM72)		inheritance			See Language page
Sape	kapay	kapay					See Language page
Secoya	nomio	nɔmi'ɔ					See Language page
Selknam		naʔ					See Language page
Seri (Comcaac)	cmaam			unknown
Serrano	nY:ht “woman”			loan
Shipibo-Konibo		aĩβo					See Language page
Sikuani	jiwitowa (1)			inheritance			See Language page
Siona	tˀomi-kˀo	tˀomi-kˀo		inheritance			See Language page
Siriano	noméó	noméó					See Language page
Sirionó	kuɲa; erẽĩ	kuɲa; erẽĩ		inheritance			See Language page
Southern Paiute	mam:a7u- “woman, young woman”			inheritance
Southern Pastaza Quechua	warmi	waɾmi					See Language page
Southern Sierra Miwok	7oh:a-			inheritance
Southern Ute	mamachI			inheritance
Suyá	nulmburu	nulmburu					See Language page
Sáliva	naaxu	naːxu		unknown			See Language page
Tacana		e-po-na					See Language page
Tanimuca	rõ'bõ	rõ'bõ		inheritance			See Language page
Tariana	ínaɾu	ínaɾu		inheritance			See Language page
Tatuyo	kã-bã'hõ-ko ('kã-rõbĩ-õ)	kã-bã'hõ-ko ('kã-rõbĩ-õ)					See Language page
Taushiro	iyi	iji					See Language page
Tehuelche		'kārkn				A group of women is e'nak.	See Language page
Tikuna	ngexũ [3, 2]	ŋeʔɨ̃		unique			See Language page
Tinigua	ɲiʔsa						See Language page
Tiriyó	wëri	wǝri		inheritance			See Language page
Toba		ʔalo					See Language page
Trinitario		ʔseno					See Language page
Trumai	di	di		unique			See Language page
Tukano	númíó	númíó		inheritance	E-W Tuk		See Language page
Tuyuka	dũbĩ'õ	dũbĩʔõ					See Language page
Tübatulabal	koojm			unknown
Tümpisa Shoshone	wa7ippy			inheritance
Urarina	eene	e:ne		doubtful loan	Arawak		See Language page
Wai Wai	woošam	woošam		inheritance			See Language page
Waikhana	dũ'bĩ-dõ, bã'sõ-dõ	dũ'bĩ-dõ, bã'sõ-dõ					See Language page
Waimaja	nṍmĩ́õ̀	nṍmĩ́õ̀					See Language page
Waimiri Atroari	weri	weri					See Language page
Walmajarri	kartu			inheritance
Wangkayutyuru	warra			unique
Waorani	dãni			unique			See Language page
Wapishana	ẓɨna	ẓɨna		inheritance	Proto-Arawak		See Language page
Wappo	me/t'e			loan
Warao	tira, iboma (girl)	tiɾa, iboma (giɾl)					See Language page
Wari	narimaʔ	narimaʔ					See Language page
Warrwa	yiri; yiiri; jando	yiri; yiiri; jando		inheritance
Washo	da7mo/7mo7			unknown			J102
Waurá	-nežu; -lu; -žu	-nežu; -lu; -žu		inheritance			See Language page
Wayampi	waĩwĩ	waĩwĩ		inheritance?			See Language page
Wayana	wëlïi	wǝlɨi		inheritance			See Language page
Wayuu		wayuu hier̃ɨ					See Language page
Western Mono	hyy/pI			inheritance
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay		ac̷ih'naʔ					See Language page
Wintu	p'oqta			inheritance
Yabarana		uri'hiamo					See Language page
Yagua	cadnatu	kandnatu		unique; unique	also 'wife'		See Language page
Yaminahua		kɨro					See Language page
Yan-nhangu	muṉkaŋu			unknown
Yandruwandha	"yiwa, nhiwa (female)"			inheritance
Yanomam	thɨwə (EM72)	tʰɨwə		inheritance			See Language page
Yanomami	suwə	suwə		inheritance			See Language page
Yarluyandi	widla			inheritance
Yavapai	msi_			inheritance
Yavitero	ľ̥a'ľinemi	enami					See Language page
Yawarrawarrka	tjiwara			unique
Yawuru	jarndu	jarndu		inheritance
Yine		sɨtʸo				Piro-Apuriná form is sɨitio.	See Language page
Yokuts Palewyami	ketepHal JPH;	H is aspiration		unique			JPH Gamble 91
Yokuts Yawdanchi	muk'-ash			inheritance			K07:236, G64
Yokuts Yowlumne	gaa7in'a			inheritance			N1944
Yuhup	ʔã̂ːj	~ʔâːj		inheritance			See Language page
Yuki	musp			inheritance			S&S 1984
Yukpa	aminchatuna, borépape	wo'ts̺epa					See Language page
Yukuna	inanaru	inanaɾu		inheritance			See Language page
Yuruti	baso'kó, 'dṍbĩõ	baso'kó, 'dṍbĩõ					See Language page
Záparo	irichanaw, ityumuka	iɾiʧanaw, itjumuka					See Language page


Achagua
Aché
Aguaruna
Akawaio
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect
Andoke
Apalai
Arabana
Araona
Arutani
Ashuar
Ayoreo
Baniwa
Bankalachi Toloim
Barasano
Bardi
Bare
Bará
Barí
Baure
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Bora
Bunuba
Burarra
Cahuilla
Camsa
Candoshi-Shapra
Carapana
Carijona
Cavineña
Cayuvava
Central Aymara
Central Sierra Miwok
Cha'palaa
Chemehuevi
Chipaya
Chiriguano
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Cruzeno
Chumash Ineseno
Chumash Obispeno
Chumash Ventureno
Chácobo
Cocopa
Cofán
Comanche
Cubeo
Cuiva
Cupeño
Desano
Dhangu
Dhuwal
Dhuwala
Diyari
DiyariREU
Djambarrpuyngu
Djapu
Djeoromitxi
Djinang
Dâw
Epena
Ese Ejja
Ese Ejja/Huarayo
Esselen
Eñepa
Gabrielino
Gajirrabeng
Gooniyandi
Guayabero
Gupapuyngu
Gurindji
Hodï
Huambisa
Hup
Ignaciano
Iipay 'Aa
Ingá
Iquito
Itonama
Jabirr-Jabirr
Jaru
Jawi
Kabiyari
Kaingang
Kakataibo
Kakua
Kalapalo
Kamayurá
Karajarri
Karajá
Kariña
Karitiana
Katukina
Kawaiisu
Kija
Kiliwa
Kitanemuk
Kokama
Koreguaje
Kotiria
Kwazá
Lake Miwok
Lengua
Lokono
Luiseño
Maca
Macaguan
Maidu
Maihiki
Makiritare
Makuna
Makushi
Malyangapa
Mandawaka
Mangala
Mapoyo
Mapudungun
Matses
Minica Witoto
Miriwung
Mithaka
Mocoví
Mojave
Mosetén-Chimané
Movima
Mudburra
Mudburra
Muinane
Muisca
Murui Witoto
Mutsun
Máku
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect
Nadëb/Roçado dialect
Napo Lowland Quichua
Ngamini
Ngarluma
Ngumbarl
Nheengatu
Nhirrpi
Nimanburru
Ninam
Nisenan
Nivaclé
Northern Emberá
Northern Mangarla
Northern Nyangumarta
Northern Paiute
Northern Sierra Miwok
Nukak
Nyangumarta
Nyikina
Nyulnyul
Nɨpode Witoto
Ocaina
Paakantyi
Pacahuara
Paraguayan Guaraní
Paresi
Pemon
Piapoco
Piaroa
Pilagá
Pirriya
Pitta-Pitta
Plains Miwok
Puinave
Pumé
Páez
Qawasqar
Quechua Ayacuchano
Resígaro
Rirratjingu
Ritharrngu
Salinan A
Salinan M
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet
Sanumá
Sape
Secoya
Selknam
Seri (Comcaac)
Serrano
Shipibo-Konibo
Sikuani
Siona
Siriano
Sirionó
Southern Paiute
Southern Pastaza Quechua
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Ute
Suyá
Sáliva
Tacana
Tanimuca
Tariana
Tatuyo
Taushiro
Tehuelche
Tikuna
Tinigua
Tiriyó
Toba
Trinitario
Trumai
Tukano
Tuyuka
Tübatulabal
Tümpisa Shoshone
Urarina
Wai Wai
Waikhana
Waimaja
Waimiri Atroari
Walmajarri
Wangkayutyuru
Waorani
Wapishana
Wappo
Warao
Wari
Warrwa
Washo
Waurá
Wayampi
Wayana
Wayuu
Western Mono
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay
Wintu
Yabarana
Yagua
Yaminahua
Yan-nhangu
Yandruwandha
Yanomam
Yanomami
Yarluyandi
Yavapai
Yavitero
Yawarrawarrka
Yawuru
Yine
Yokuts Palewyami
Yokuts Yawdanchi
Yokuts Yowlumne
Yuhup
Yuki
Yukpa
Yukuna
Yuruti
Záparo

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