Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

woman/female

Semantic Field
human
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
mujer
Meaning Portuguese
mulher

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Bankalachi Toloim ko'-im 171; goim (K1907) unknown
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone hypi inheritance
Cahuilla nyichily inheritance S&H 1979
Central Sierra Miwok 7o/sh:a- inheritance
Chemehuevi mama/7u(u); inheritance JPH
Chumash Barbareno enex inheritance Sapir 1920:289
Chumash Cruzeno hemych unknown JPH
Chumash Ineseno 7eneq inheritance A 7, K 1977:133
Chumash Obispeno ktasitYuju unknown JPH
Chumash Ventureno x7anwa unknown Harrington 1974:9
Cocopa s7ak inheritance
Comanche hybi “middle-aged”, hybi tsiitsi7 “elderly” inheritance
Cupeño nawika-t [nəˈwikət] loan
Esselen ta- ; tanutch-k unknown Shaul 1995:220, 221
Gabrielino toko:ra (obj. case form) inheritance
Iipay 'Aa siny [siɲ] inheritance
Kawaiisu momo7o inheritance
Kiliwa kW-kuu, kW-ku-t-u “hembra” inheritance
Kitanemuk kwihak unknown
Lake Miwok po/cci, p'o/cci loan
Luiseño Sunga:-l inheritance
Maidu kyle/ inheritance
Mojave thinya'aak inheritance
Mutsun mukurma inheritance O77:84, 315
Nisenan kyle inheritance
Northern Paiute [moqo/7ni inheritance Thornes 03:40
Northern Sierra Miwok 7os:a- inheritance
Plains Miwok 72s2:72h, 7ysy:7yh inheritance
Salinan A ltes'e/7 (A), unknown
Salinan M lene/' unknown Mason 1918:134
Seri (Comcaac) cmaam unknown
Serrano nY:ht “woman” loan
Southern Paiute mam:a7u- “woman, young woman” inheritance
Southern Sierra Miwok 7oh:a- inheritance
Southern Ute mamachI inheritance
Tübatulabal koojm unknown
Tümpisa Shoshone wa7ippy inheritance
Wappo me/t'e loan
Washo da7mo/7mo7 unknown J102
Western Mono hyy/pI inheritance
Wintu p'oqta inheritance
Yavapai msi_ inheritance
Yokuts Palewyami ketepHal JPH; H is aspiration unique JPH Gamble 91
Yokuts Yawdanchi muk'-ash inheritance K07:236, G64
Yokuts Yowlumne gaa7in'a inheritance N1944
Yuki musp inheritance S&S 1984
Baniwa íinaro íinaɻo inheritance See Language page
Carijona wəritʃi inheritance See Language page
Cubeo nomió nomió inheritance See Language page
Dâw ãày ʔã̂j inheritance See Language page
Desano noméo noméo inheritance See Language page
Eñepa wïnkï, Var. wïnkït, wïnkïï (MM) wïnkï, Var. wïnkït, wïnkïï (MM) inheritance See Language page
Hodï au unique See Language page
Waorani dãni unique See Language page
Hup tãʔã́y [1st syllable comes from 3sg pn tɨh] ~taʔáj inheritance See Language page
Kakua jadn unique See Language page
Makushi wɨriʔ (SIL) wɨriʔ (SIL) inheritance See Language page
Nheengatu kuyã, way (old woman) kujã, wai (old woman) inheritance See Language page
Ninam thuwe, thɨwə (EM72) tʰuwe inheritance See Language page
Nukak nɨ4mat1 unique See Language page
Maihiki nomio ago nomio ago inheritance See Language page
Pemon weri (A1981); wörü (M2000) weɾi (A1981) inheritance See Language page
Resígaro ináadó ináadó inheritance See Language page
Sanumá suɨtə (EM72) suɨtə (EM72) inheritance See Language page
Sikuani jiwitowa (1) inheritance See Language page
Tariana ínaɾu ínaɾu inheritance See Language page
Tukano númíó númíó inheritance E-W Tuk See Language page
Kotiria ~dubi ~dubi inheritance E-W Tuk See Language page
Yanomam thɨwə (EM72) tʰɨwə inheritance See Language page
Yanomami suwə suwə inheritance See Language page
Yukuna inanaru inanaɾu inheritance See Language page
Yuhup ʔã̂ːj ~ʔâːj inheritance See Language page
Arabana uljurla unique
Bardi orany oorany inheritance
Bunuba [missing] missing
Burarra gama unknown
Dhangu baṯami semantic shift Burarra
Dhuwal [missing] missing
Dhuwala baṯami loan
Diyari wilha inheritance
DiyariREU pitjiri unique
Djambarrpuyngu waṯa
Djapu waṯa
Djinang barrpi unknown
Gajirrabeng gabeleng inheritance
Gooniyandi goornboo
Gupapuyngu waṯa
Gurindji janka inheritance
Jabirr-Jabirr warany warany inheritance
Jaru ngaringga, unique
Jawi hoarrang hoarrang inheritance
Karajarri wakala inheritance
Kija ngali-l inheritance
Malyangapa walka inheritance
Mangala marnin unknown
Miriwung gawilang inheritance
Mithaka pulurlu unique
Mudburra kirri
Mudburra kirri doubtful loan
Ngamini widla inheritance
Ngarluma manga
Ngumbarl jandoo jarndu inheritance
Nhirrpi iwa unique
Nimanburru worinj woriny inheritance
Northern Mangarla marnin
Northern Nyangumarta mirlkarr inheritance
Nyangumarta mirtawa inheritance
Nyikina marnin marnin loan Ngumpin-Yapa
Nyulnyul woriny woriny inheritance
Paakantyi nongo unique
Pirriya warruŋo unique
Pitta-Pitta parratya unique
Rirratjingu baṯami, miyalk, dha:yka
Ritharrngu dhiŋ' loan
Walmajarri kartu inheritance
Wangkayutyuru warra unique
Warrwa yiri; yiiri; jando yiri; yiiri; jando inheritance
Yan-nhangu muṉkaŋu unknown
Yandruwandha "yiwa, nhiwa (female)" inheritance
Yarluyandi widla inheritance
Yawarrawarrka tjiwara unique
Yawuru jarndu jarndu inheritance
Achagua í:na, í:neto: í:na, í:neto: inheritance See Language page
Piapoco inanái inanái See Language page
Kabiyari nanáwí nanáwí See Language page
Yavitero ľ̥a'ľinemi enami See Language page
Bare hiñátʃati hiñátʃati See Language page
Wapishana ẓɨna ẓɨna inheritance Proto-Arawak See Language page
Mandawaka ináː-lutʃa ináː-lutʃa See Language page
Wayuu wayuu hier̃ɨ See Language page
Yine sɨtʸo *Piro-Apuriná form is *sɨitio. See Language page
Paresi ohiro; haloti 'Paresi woman' ohiro; haloti 'Paresi woman' inheritance? See Language page
Ignaciano esena See Language page
Trinitario ʔseno See Language page
Baure e'ton e'ton inheritance See Language page
Waurá -nežu; -lu; -žu -nežu; -lu; -žu inheritance See Language page
Arutani kari kaɾi See Language page
Sape kapay kapay See Language page
Cha'palaa šinbu; 'su-pu Dialectal variant is šimbu. Latter form is, lit. 'vagina-is'. See Language page
Bora kwa-ĉe kwa-tʃɛ inheritance See Language page
Muinane gáí-go {being-female} gáí-go {being-female} See Language page
Akawaio uuriichang uritʃaŋ inheritance Proto-Carib See Language page
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect uriʃaŋ uriʃaŋ See Language page
Apalai nohpo tomo (pl) nohpo tomo (pl) unique See Language page
Wayana wëlïi wǝlɨi inheritance See Language page
Tiriyó wëri wǝri inheritance See Language page
Makiritare wodi (IDS, KH) wodi inheritance See Language page
Mapoyo wërya'mu wɛrja'mu See Language page
Wai Wai woošam woošam inheritance See Language page
Waimiri Atroari weri weri See Language page
Yabarana uri'hiamo See Language page
Yukpa aminchatuna, borépape wo'ts̺epa See Language page
Kalapalo itaű itaű unique See Language page
Muisca muysca fucha muɨska puʂa See Language page
Barí byoo Colombia: biorə. See Language page
Northern Emberá wẽ́ra wẽ́ra See Language page
Epena 'wẽra 'Indian woman' is e'perã 'wẽra. See Language page
Guayabero puwís unique See Language page
Macaguan warapénʉ warapénɨ doubtful loan Carib, e.g. Pemon weri; see also N. Embera wẽra See Language page
Cuiva petsiríwa, jabɨ́-jo mujer, woman Huber & Reed 1992:40
Cofán pushesu pyʃɛsɯ phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra kiiza kiiʂa unique See Language page
Taushiro iyi iji See Language page
Páez petam petam See Language page
Tikuna ngexũ [3, 2] ŋeʔɨ̃ unique See Language page
Urarina eene e:ne doubtful loan Arawak See Language page
Camsa ʃembása ʃembása See Language page
Andoke tíi tíi unique See Language page
Pumé iãĩ See Language page
Tinigua ɲiʔsa See Language page
Puinave den den unique See Language page
Máku ne:labə ne:labə See Language page
Warao tira, iboma (girl) tiɾa, iboma (giɾl) See Language page
Ashuar núwa nuwa See Language page
Huambisa nuwa nuwa See Language page
Aguaruna núwa núwa inheritance See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect ʔɨ̃ːɲ, ʔɨ̃ːj inheritance See Language page
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect ʔɨ̃ːɲ See Language page
Matses chiro tʃiɾó unknown also 'wife' See Language page
Kakataibo ṣ̌ano *Panoan *ʔawĩβo. See Language page
Katukina aĩ-βo Cf. the -bo endings on names of related groups in Panoan family. See Language page
Pacahuara 'yoṣ̌a d'Orb yucha, yuča. Heath yu-sá-bu. Arm yosa. See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo aĩβo See Language page
Yaminahua kɨro See Language page
Chácobo yoṣ̌a yoṣ̌a inheritance See Language page
Yagua cadnatu kandnatu unique; unique also 'wife' See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua warmi waɾmi See Language page
Ingá warmi warmi See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua huarmi waɾmi See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano warmi waɾmi See Language page
Piaroa isaju isahu unknown See Language page
Sáliva naaxu naːxu unknown See Language page
Bará baho'ko, dũbĩ'õ See Language page
Barasano ~robi-o ~robi-o See Language page
Carapana carõmio kaɾɔ̃miɔ See Language page
Makuna ~robio ~robio inheritance See Language page
Yuruti baso'kó, 'dṍbĩõ baso'kó, 'dṍbĩõ See Language page
Waikhana dũ'bĩ-dõ, bã'sõ-dõ dũ'bĩ-dõ, bã'sõ-dõ See Language page
Siriano noméó noméó See Language page
Tanimuca rõ'bõ rõ'bõ inheritance See Language page
Tatuyo kã-bã'hõ-ko ('kã-rõbĩ-õ) kã-bã'hõ-ko ('kã-rõbĩ-õ) See Language page
Tuyuka dũbĩ'õ dũbĩʔõ See Language page
Waimaja nṍmĩ́õ̀ nṍmĩ́õ̀ See Language page
Koreguaje pãio pãio inheritance shared Siona See Language page
Siona tˀomi-kˀo tˀomi-kˀo inheritance See Language page
Secoya nomio nɔmi'ɔ See Language page
Karitiana nhõnso ɲõnso unknown See Language page
Kokama huaina waina inheritance? See Language page
Wayampi waĩwĩ waĩwĩ inheritance? See Language page
Aché kuǰã inheritance See Language page
Chiriguano kũɲa inheritance See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní kuɲa See Language page
Sirionó kuɲa; erẽĩ kuɲa; erẽĩ inheritance See Language page
Kamayurá kujɑ̃ kujɑ̃ inheritance See Language page
Ocaina maami maami doubtful loan Spanish? See Language page
Nɨpode Witoto rḯ-ŋo rɯ́-ŋo See Language page
Minica Witoto rḯ-ŋo rɯ́-ŋo See Language page
Murui Witoto rï-ño rɯ-ɲo inheritance/Witotoan See Language page
Iquito mɨɨsáji mɨɨsáhi unique See Language page
Záparo irichanaw, ityumuka iɾiʧanaw, itjumuka See Language page
Wari narimaʔ narimaʔ See Language page
Araona pona; mama A term to indicate a woman of the opposite clan is kʷala; any woman of the opposite clan is wadi. *Tacn form is *e-pona. See Language page
Ese Ejja e-pona; e-wanasia inheritance See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo e-pona e-pona See Language page
Tacana e-po-na See Language page
Cavineña e-pona e-pona inheritance See Language page
Central Aymara warmi (loan?) warmi See Language page
Cayuvava tɔrene ~ tɔ̃rene; 'maβo See Language page
Itonama wabɨʔka Plural form is uʔ-wabɨ. See Language page
Kwazá etay, -tay etay, -tay See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané 'pheɲ See Language page
Movima kʷeya kʷeja See Language page
Trumai di di unique See Language page
Kaingang ũ-tỹtà Φi; ũ-tə̃tə; ũ-tətə; ũ-tãtə See Language page
Suyá nulmburu nulmburu See Language page
Karajá hãwɨɨ See Language page
Djeoromitxi pako pako See Language page
Chipaya maataḳa; ṣ̌on Cf. 'dress' 06.420. Uru-I form is urku. See Language page
Mocoví ʔaalo See Language page
Pilagá yawo See Language page
Toba ʔalo See Language page
Lengua (in)kilana The first syllable is often deleted. See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité ankilwana See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet kelwaanaʔa See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay ac̷ih'naʔ See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja axwuʔ See Language page
Maca efu (f.) See Language page
Nivaclé niwak-če woman https://ids.clld.org/
Ayoreo ayo're See Language page
Mapudungun θomo Ranquel form is ðomo. See Language page
Qawasqar esatap SpC, Gui record eɬatap; AgC, Sk, Bo record serks for Central QWS. Fi, Hy, SpS record eɬarapes for South QWS. See Language page
Selknam naʔ See Language page
Tehuelche 'kārkn A group of women is e'nak. See Language page
Lokono hiaro hiaɾo woman Pet 1987:377
Kariña woryi worɨi woman Yamada 2010:828