Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

father

Semantic Field
kinship
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
padre, papá
Meaning Portuguese
pai

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Bankalachi Toloim ah'-nahn 171, inheritance
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone appy loan direction unknown
Cahuilla -na inheritance S&H 1979
Central Sierra Miwok 7ypy:/- inheritance
Chemehuevi mo/(a) inheritance
Chumash Barbareno kok'o inheritance Wash 2001:65
Chumash Cruzeno qy unknown Klar 1977:51
Chumash Ineseno -koko7 (I) inheritance A 6
Chumash Obispeno sapi unknown Klar 1977:49
Chumash Ventureno k'oko “my fa” unknown JPH
Cocopa ny7a: (female speaking), nyaLy (man speaking) a na- word -- Not in IA inheritance
Comanche ahpy7 loan direction unknown
Cupeño -na [-na] inheritance
Esselen m-a7aT “3-father” unknown Shaul 1995:202
Gabrielino -na:k inheritance
Iipay 'Aa paataat [paˑt̯aˑt̯] inheritance
Kawaiisu muwa= inheritance
Kiliwa h-s7uu, ny-p-s7uu unknown
Kitanemuk na7 inheritance
Lake Miwok 7appi inheritance
Luiseño na7 (possessed only) inheritance
Maidu be/k'y unknown
Mojave nakut (of a man), na'ay (of a woman inheritance
Mutsun 7appa inheritance O77:61
Nisenan te unknown
Northern Paiute naa inheritance Thornes 03:91
Northern Sierra Miwok 7ypy-, 7yp:y- inheritance
Plains Miwok 7ap:a- inheritance
Salinan A ekh (A), unknown
Salinan M pexk unknown Mason 1918:134
Seri (Comcaac) -am (of female), -ai (of male) unknown
Serrano na7 inheritance
Southern Paiute mowa-S inheritance
Southern Sierra Miwok 7ypyH- inheritance
Southern Ute muA- inheritance
Tübatulabal anaa-n (before death of offspring) inheritance
Tümpisa Shoshone appy loan direction unknown
Wappo 7aya (requires prefix) unknown
Washo digo/y7 unknown J118
Western Mono nawa inheritance
Wintu -tan inheritance
Yokuts Palewyami nopop inheritance JPH in Gamble 91
Yokuts Yawdanchi natet unknown K07:240
Yokuts Yowlumne nopHopH inheritance Golla 1964
Yuki -k'on', -k'unu' inheritance S&S 1984
Yuma 7anyko/: “my father”; nyako/ H3:212 unknown
Baniwa -hániɹi (hr01) -hániɻi (hr01) inheritance See Language page
Carijona hayre unknown See Language page
Cubeo báyʉ (vocative), pacʉ bájʉ (vocative), pakʉ inheritance See Language page
Dâw ʔǐp, ʔɛh inheritance See Language page
Desano pagʉ pagɯ inheritance See Language page
Eñepa yɨm jɨm inheritance See Language page
Hodï laj/baba ʰlai; ai unique See Language page
Waorani wæ̃po unique See Language page
Hup ʔíp ʔíp inheritance See Language page
Kakua ʔíp loan (into proto-language?) Nadahup: Hup ʔíp See Language page
Makushi paʔpá paʔpá doubtful loan Portuguese See Language page
Nheengatu parú, pai (from POR) paya parú, pai (from POR), paja unknown; doubtful loan Portuguese See Language page
Ninam papa, ~he (gom), papa- (EM72) papa, ~he (gom), papa- (EM72) loan; inheritance Portuguese See Language page
Nukak iip3 loan (into proto-language?) Nadahup, e.g. Hup ʔíp See Language page
Maihiki jaquɨ aguɨ xakɨ agɨ inheritance See Language page
Pemon yun, potori (A1981); yeepootoori (E1980); yun (M2000) dʒun, potoɾi (A1981); ʎepotorɪ (E1980) inheritance See Language page
Resígaro [-han]ígí (dp91) [-han]ígí (dp91) inheritance See Language page
Sanumá -ha, '-a -ha, '-a inheritance See Language page
Sikuani axa (2) áxa inheritance See Language page
Tariana ha-niɾi ha-niɾi inheritance See Language page
Tukano pakɨ pakɨ inheritance E-W Tuk See Language page
Kotiria pɨ'kɨ, bãĩ́ pɨ'kɨ, bãĩ́ inheritance See Language page
Yanomam fa fa inheritance See Language page
Yanomami hayë, ha- (EM72) hajə, ha- inheritance See Language page
Yukuna hara'apaji -haɾaʔ [pá] (hr01), haɾaʔapahi inheritance See Language page
Yuhup ʔîp inheritance See Language page
Arabana apitji inheritance
Bardi gōl kōl inheritance
Bunuba ngawungu unknown
Burarra nyinya unknown
Dhangu djawuḻpa inheritance
Dhuwal djawuḻpa
Dhuwala djawuḻpa unknown
Diyari ngapiṛi inheritance
DiyariREU ngapitji unique
Djambarrpuyngu 1444 unknown
Djapu mäḻu(') unknown
Djinang djirrping unknown
Gajirrabeng ngabang inheritance
Gooniyandi ngaaboo loan
Gupapuyngu djawuḻpa inheritance
Gurindji ngaji loan
Jabirr-Jabirr ibal ibal inheritance
Jaru ngawi inheritance
Jawi koola kula inheritance
Karajarri japulu loan Nyulnyulan
Kija ngapu- inheritance
Malyangapa kumbidgi inheritance
Mangala ngarrjiyanu unknown
Miriwung ngabang inheritance
Mithaka ngapri inheritance
Mudburra kirda
Mudburra kirda inheritance
Ngamini ngaRpi inheritance
Ngandi nyarr inheritance
Ngarluma jabu
Ngumbarl eebala ibala inheritance
Nhirrpi ngapiRi inheritance
Nimanburru gupul kupul inheritance
Northern Mangarla wulu
Northern Nyangumarta japartu inheritance
Nyangumarta japartu inheritance
Nyikina ibala ibala inheritance
Nyulnyul gobol kobol inheritance
Paakantyi kombitha, gambiji inheritance
Pirriya thatha(nya)
Pitta-Pitta yapiri inheritance
Rirratjingu [missing] missing
Ritharrngu baapa loan
Walmajarri ngarpu inheritance
Wangkayutyuru ngapiri inheritance
Warrwa yibala, yibarra yibarra, yibala inheritance
Wubuy baba doubtful loan
Yan-nhangu gunharrkuḻi unique
Yandruwandha ngapiri inheritance
Yarluyandi ngapiri inheritance
Yawarrawarrka ngapati inheritance
Yawuru kuku kuku inheritance
Achagua sálihina sálihina unique See Language page
Piapoco [-án]iri (dp91) [-án]iɾi (dp91) See Language page
Kabiyari -ha nírí (hr01) -ha níɾí (hɾ01) See Language page
Yavitero ihi (dp91) ihi (dp91) See Language page
Bare yaka-ɻi jaka-ɻi See Language page
Wapishana -ˀdarɨ -ˀdarɨ loan, direction unknown Warao dani See Language page
Wayuu ta-ši Lit. 'my father'; also means 'father's brother' 02.512. Vocative form is taata. See Language page
Yine hi-rɨ; pa-tɨ Vocative form is pa-pa. *Piro-Apurina forms are *'hɨ-rɨ; *pa-tɨ/pa. See Language page
Paresi baba baba doubtful loan Portuguese See Language page
Ignaciano tikačiča; -iya; 'iyare Vocative form is tata. Also possessed form: ema/ eɲi tata. See Language page
Trinitario tata See Language page
Baure -i'a; čač i'a; tʃatʃ unknown; doubtful loan Quechua See Language page
Waurá pa'pa; -žɨ pa'pa; -žɨ doubtful loan Portuguese See Language page
Cha'palaa 'apa; 'yaʔ 'pa See Language page
Bora čiʔí-yo, čiʔí-ï tʃiʔí-jo, tʃiʔí-ɯ inheritance See Language page
Muinane gíʔí(rubi) {vocative}, kááni gíʔí(rubi) {vocative}, kááni See Language page
Akawaio kɨɨbɨnɨ kɨɨbɨnɨ unique See Language page
Apalai papa papa doubtful loan Portuguese See Language page
Wayana ïjum ɨjum inheritance See Language page
Tiriyó jum-me, pa: (vocative; spanish loan), pahko jum-me, pa: (vocative; spanish loan), pahko inheritance See Language page
Makiritare haha (IDS); ha:ha (KH) haha (IDS); ha:ha (KH) doubtful loan Portuguese See Language page
Mapoyo yumu jumu See Language page
Wai Wai yɨɨm; aa-mo yɨɨm; aa-mo inheritance See Language page
Waimiri Atroari papa papa See Language page
Yabarana makə See Language page
Yukpa epmo dʒi'mo See Language page
Kalapalo apa apa doubtful loan Portuguese See Language page
Muisca paba, pabi paβa, paβi See Language page
Barí aataida Colombia: taygdanə. *Chibchan form is *'kaka. See Language page
Northern Emberá zézaa zéza: See Language page
Epena a'kʰõre Cf. 'sun' 01.520. See Language page
Guayabero ʔax inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page
Macaguan até(i), áit, áti até(i), áit, áti unique See Language page
Cuiva áxa padre, father Huber & Reed 1992:44
Cofán quitsa kitsa phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra apaapa apaapa doubtful loan Spanish See Language page
Taushiro iya´ iyaʔ See Language page
Páez eye eye See Language page
Tikuna nãtɨ (?) unique See Language page
Urarina ufwa ufwa unique See Language page
Camsa taitá (Quechua loan) taitá (Quechua loan) See Language page
Andoke -pʌ -pʌ unique See Language page
Pumé amãĩ See Language page
Puinave i i unique See Language page
Warao ɾima, dani (pg 44) rima, dani (pg 44) See Language page
Ashuar apár (my father) apár See Language page
Huambisa apa apa See Language page
Aguaruna ápa ápa inheritance See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect ʔɨb, ʔeːʔ inheritance See Language page
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect ʔɨb, ʔeːʔ See Language page
Matses amë, papa amɨ, papa unique; inheritance See Language page
Kakataibo papa *Panoan *papa. See Language page
Katukina papa See Language page
Pacahuara 'ɨpa, 'ʔɨpa d'Orb noke papa. Heath pa-pa. Arm papá. See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo papa See Language page
Yaminahua ɨpa See Language page
Chácobo papa; ɨpa; ʔɨpa (the latter is used only in direct address) papa; ɨpa; ʔɨpa (the latter is used only in direct address) inheritance See Language page
Yagua jay xãj loan; unique Quechua See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua yaya jaja See Language page
Ingá taita taita See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua yaya jaja See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano tayta tajta See Language page
Piaroa čá'oh tʃá'oh unique See Language page
Sáliva bahwa bahʷa unique See Language page
Bará pa'kɨ, 'kakɨ See Language page
Barasano kakʉ; hak-ɨ, kak-ɨ kakʉ; hak-ɨ, kak-ɨ See Language page
Carapana caacʉ (voc.), pacʉ (pos.); -pa-kɨ́, 'ká-a-kɨ (Huber & Reed) kaacʉ, pakʉ See Language page
Makuna cʉ̃na (Papí), jacʉ kɨ̃na (Papí), xakɨ inheritance See Language page
Yuruti pa'kɨ́ pa'kɨ́ See Language page
Waikhana pa'kɨ pa'kɨ See Language page
Siriano pagʉ́ pagɨ́ See Language page
Tanimuca aʔ'bi; 'paki 're aʔ'bi; 'paki 're unique; inheritance See Language page
Tatuyo pa-'kɨ, 'ká-a-kɨ pa-'kɨ, 'ká-a-kɨ See Language page
Tuyuka pa'kɨ pa'kɨ See Language page
Waimaja kʰáàkʰɨ kʰáàkʰɨ See Language page
Koreguaje ja'kʉ xaʔkhʉ inheritance See Language page
Siona taita (Quechua loan), pë'caguë taita, pɨʔkaguɨ loan; inheritance Quechua See Language page
Secoya ja'quë haʔkɨ See Language page
Karitiana ´it (masculine ego), syp (feminine ego) ʔit, sɨp unknown See Language page
Kokama papa papa doubtful loan Spanish See Language page
Wayampi -l-u; papa (VOC) -l-u; papa (VOC) unknown; doubtful loan See Language page
Aché apã doubtful loan Portuguese See Language page
Chiriguano t-uu; t-u; (če-)ru inheritance See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní 'tuva See Language page
Sirionó paba; e-ru paba; e-ru doubtful loan Portuguese See Language page
Ocaina mõõ(hõ) mõõ(hõ) inheritance See Language page
Nɨpode Witoto mó.o mó.o See Language page
Minica Witoto mó.o mó.o See Language page
Murui Witoto mo.o mo.o inheritance See Language page
Iquito caqu'ɨja (originally vocative, reanalyzed as referential term); -áquɨ (archaic form, not commonly used, always possessed) kak'ɨha (originally vocative, reanalyzed as referential term); -ákɨ (archaic form, not commonly used, always possessed) unknown; doubtful loan West Tukanoan See Language page
Záparo kumanu kumanu See Language page
Wari te te Possessed form. See Language page
Araona kʷiča-po; tadi *Tacn form is *tata. See Language page
Ese Ejja kaka unknown See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo kaka; iča kaka; iča See Language page
Tacana tata See Language page
Cavineña tata; baki-ke; pae (G71) (Girard states that the latter, pae, is borrowed from the Spanish "padre") tata; baki-ke; pae (G71) doubtful loan (into protolanguage?) similar forms all over region See Language page
Central Aymara ch´oqe awki; tata See Language page
Cayuvava papa; bapa; βɔp Also mõtõ; namɔ̃tɔ̃. See Language page
Itonama ahme-mayeʔne Also padɨʔka, paduʔka. See Language page
Kwazá aha aha See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané 'tata; 'ata See Language page
Movima paʔa paʔa See Language page
Trumai (ha)-ao (ha)-ao unique See Language page
Kaingang panh -yɔŋ; paɲ See Language page
Canela kuhɨ *Jê form is *ku-zɨ. Maxacalí form is kɨc̷ap. See Language page
Suyá peme peme See Language page
Karajá təbɨ; waha See Language page
Djeoromitxi hotxi hotʃi See Language page
Chipaya exp Uru-J form is apayšu. Uru-I form is epḳʰaski. See Language page
Mocoví le-taʔa Lit. '3p possessor-father'. See Language page
Pilagá le-tʔa Lit. '3pp-father'. See Language page
Toba l-taʔa See Language page
Lengua #NAME? See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité apyapoŋ; anyapoŋ See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet taata eŋak; aŋyaap See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay -hʷ'ča See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja -naʔ ~ -nye (m.) See Language page
Maca #NAME? See Language page
Nivaclé -tata father https://ids.clld.org/
Ayoreo daa-'ye A 'dead father' is daai. See Language page
Mapudungun čaw Ranquel form is čao ~ čaw. See Language page
Qawasqar c̷ewal Also c̷ec̷ar. Sk, Bo record c̷ec̷ar; AgC, Bo record terweya for Central QWS. Fi records c̷awol; SpS records tarwaya for South QWS. See Language page
Selknam ʔàynn See Language page
Tehuelche 'y-ānkˀo Means 'my father'. See Language page
Kanamarí pamah pamah pai Magalhães 2018:350
Lokono ithi itʰi father Pet 1987:357
Kariña papa papa dad; father Yamada 2010:788