Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

father

Semantic Field: kinship
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: padre, papá
Meaning Portuguese: pai

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Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Loan Source	General Notes	Source
Achagua	sálihina	sálihina		unique			See Language page
Aché		apã		doubtful loan	Portuguese		See Language page
Aguaruna	ápa	ápa		inheritance			See Language page
Akawaio	kɨɨbɨnɨ	kɨɨbɨnɨ		unique			See Language page
Andoke	-pʌ	-pʌ		unique			See Language page
Apalai	papa	papa		doubtful loan	Portuguese		See Language page
Arabana	apitji			inheritance
Araona		kʷiča-po; tadi				Tacn form is tata.	See Language page
Ashuar	apár (my father)	apár					See Language page
Ayoreo		daa-'ye				A 'dead father' is daai.	See Language page
Baniwa	-hániɹi (hr01)	-hániɻi (hr01)		inheritance			See Language page
Bankalachi Toloim	ah'-nahn 171,			inheritance
Barasano	kakʉ; hak-ɨ, kak-ɨ	kakʉ; hak-ɨ, kak-ɨ					See Language page
Bardi	gōl	kōl		inheritance
Bare	yaka-ɻi	jaka-ɻi					See Language page
Bará		pa'kɨ, 'kakɨ					See Language page
Barí		aataida				Colombia: taygdanə. Chibchan form is 'kaka.	See Language page
Baure	-i'a; čač	i'a; tʃatʃ		unknown; doubtful loan	Quechua		See Language page
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone	appy			loan direction unknown
Bora	čiʔí-yo, čiʔí-ï	tʃiʔí-jo, tʃiʔí-ɯ		inheritance			See Language page
Bunuba	ngawungu			unknown
Burarra	nyinya			unknown
Cahuilla	-na			inheritance			S&H 1979
Camsa	taitá (Quechua loan)	taitá (Quechua loan)					See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra	apaapa	apaapa		doubtful loan	Spanish		See Language page
Canela		kuhɨ				Jê form is ku-zɨ. Maxacalí form is kɨc̷ap.	See Language page
Carapana	caacʉ (voc.), pacʉ (pos.); -pa-kɨ́, 'ká-a-kɨ (Huber & Reed)	kaacʉ, pakʉ					See Language page
Carijona	hayre			unknown			See Language page
Cavineña	tata; baki-ke; pae (G71) (Girard states that the latter, pae, is borrowed from the Spanish "padre")	tata; baki-ke; pae (G71)		doubtful loan (into protolanguage?)	similar forms all over region		See Language page
Cayuvava		papa; bapa; βɔp				Also mõtõ; namɔ̃tɔ̃.	See Language page
Central Aymara	ch´oqe	awki; tata					See Language page
Central Sierra Miwok	7ypy:/-			inheritance
Cha'palaa		'apa; 'yaʔ 'pa					See Language page
Chemehuevi	mo/(a)			inheritance
Chipaya		exp				Uru-J form is apayšu. Uru-I form is epḳʰaski.	See Language page
Chiriguano		t-uu; t-u; (če-)ru		inheritance			See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja		-naʔ ~ -nye (m.)					See Language page
Chumash Barbareno	kok'o			inheritance			Wash 2001:65
Chumash Cruzeno	qy			unknown			Klar 1977:51
Chumash Ineseno	-koko7 (I)			inheritance			A 6
Chumash Obispeno	sapi			unknown			Klar 1977:49
Chumash Ventureno	k'oko “my fa”			unknown			JPH
Chácobo	papa; ɨpa; ʔɨpa (the latter is used only in direct address)	papa; ɨpa; ʔɨpa (the latter is used only in direct address)		inheritance			See Language page
Cocopa	ny7a: (female speaking), nyaLy (man speaking)	a na- word -- Not in IA		inheritance
Cofán	quitsa	kitsa				phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS	See Language page
Comanche	ahpy7			loan direction unknown
Cubeo	báyʉ (vocative), pacʉ	bájʉ (vocative), pakʉ		inheritance			See Language page
Cuiva		áxa	padre, father				Huber & Reed 1992:44
Cupeño	-na	[-na]		inheritance
Desano	pagʉ	pagɯ		inheritance			See Language page
Dhangu	djawuḻpa			inheritance
Dhuwal	djawuḻpa
Dhuwala	djawuḻpa			unknown
Diyari	ngapiṛi			inheritance
DiyariREU	ngapitji			unique
Djambarrpuyngu	1444			unknown
Djapu	mäḻu(')			unknown
Djeoromitxi	hotxi	hotʃi					See Language page
Djinang	djirrping			unknown
Dâw		ʔǐp, ʔɛh		inheritance			See Language page
Epena		a'kʰõre				Cf. 'sun' 01.520.	See Language page
Ese Ejja		kaka		unknown			See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo	kaka; iča	kaka; iča					See Language page
Esselen	m-a7aT “3-father”			unknown			Shaul 1995:202
Eñepa	yɨm	jɨm		inheritance			See Language page
Gabrielino	-na:k			inheritance
Gajirrabeng	ngabang			inheritance
Gooniyandi	ngaaboo			loan
Guayabero		ʔax		inheritance	Proto-Guahiban		See Language page
Gupapuyngu	djawuḻpa			inheritance
Gurindji	ngaji			loan
Hodï	laj/baba	ʰlai; ai		unique			See Language page
Huambisa	apa	apa					See Language page
Hup	ʔíp	ʔíp		inheritance			See Language page
Ignaciano		tikačiča; -iya; 'iyare				Vocative form is tata. Also possessed form: ema/ eɲi tata.	See Language page
Iipay 'Aa	paataat	[paˑt̯aˑt̯]		inheritance
Ingá	taita	taita					See Language page
Iquito	caqu'ɨja (originally vocative, reanalyzed as referential term); -áquɨ (archaic form, not commonly used, always possessed)	kak'ɨha (originally vocative, reanalyzed as referential term); -ákɨ (archaic form, not commonly used, always possessed)		unknown; doubtful loan	West Tukanoan		See Language page
Itonama		ahme-mayeʔne				Also padɨʔka, paduʔka.	See Language page
Jabirr-Jabirr	ibal	ibal		inheritance
Jaru	ngawi			inheritance
Jawi	koola	kula		inheritance
Kabiyari	-ha nírí (hr01)	-ha níɾí (hɾ01)					See Language page
Kaingang	panh	-yɔŋ; paɲ					See Language page
Kakataibo		papa				Panoan papa.	See Language page
Kakua		ʔíp		loan (into proto-language?)	Nadahup: Hup ʔíp		See Language page
Kalapalo	apa	apa		doubtful loan	Portuguese		See Language page
Kanamarí	pamah	pamah	pai				Magalhães 2018:350
Karajarri	japulu			loan	Nyulnyulan
Karajá		təbɨ; waha					See Language page
Kariña	papa	papa	dad; father				Yamada 2010:788
Karitiana	´it (masculine ego), syp (feminine ego)	ʔit, sɨp		unknown			See Language page
Katukina		papa					See Language page
Kawaiisu	muwa=			inheritance
Kija	ngapu-			inheritance
Kiliwa	h-s7uu, ny-p-s7uu			unknown
Kitanemuk	na7			inheritance
Kokama	papa	papa		doubtful loan	Spanish		See Language page
Koreguaje	ja'kʉ	xaʔkhʉ		inheritance			See Language page
Kotiria	pɨ'kɨ, bãĩ́	pɨ'kɨ, bãĩ́		inheritance			See Language page
Kwazá	aha	aha					See Language page
Lake Miwok	7appi			inheritance
Lengua		#NAME?					See Language page
Lokono	ithi	itʰi	father				Pet 1987:357
Luiseño	na7 (possessed only)			inheritance
Maca		#NAME?					See Language page
Macaguan	até(i), áit, áti	até(i), áit, áti		unique			See Language page
Maidu	be/k'y			unknown
Maihiki	jaquɨ aguɨ	xakɨ agɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Makiritare	haha (IDS); ha:ha (KH)	haha (IDS); ha:ha (KH)		doubtful loan	Portuguese		See Language page
Makuna	cʉ̃na (Papí), jacʉ	kɨ̃na (Papí), xakɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Makushi	paʔpá	paʔpá		doubtful loan	Portuguese		See Language page
Malyangapa	kumbidgi			inheritance
Mangala	ngarrjiyanu			unknown
Mapoyo	yumu	jumu					See Language page
Mapudungun		čaw				Ranquel form is čao ~ čaw.	See Language page
Matses	amë, papa	amɨ, papa		unique; inheritance			See Language page
Minica Witoto	mó.o	mó.o					See Language page
Miriwung	ngabang			inheritance
Mithaka	ngapri			inheritance
Mocoví		le-taʔa				Lit. '3p possessor-father'.	See Language page
Mojave	nakut (of a man), na'ay (of a woman			inheritance
Mosetén-Chimané		'tata; 'ata					See Language page
Movima	paʔa	paʔa					See Language page
Mudburra	kirda
Mudburra	kirda			inheritance
Muinane	gíʔí(rubi) {vocative}, kááni	gíʔí(rubi) {vocative}, kááni					See Language page
Muisca	paba, pabi	paβa, paβi					See Language page
Murui Witoto	mo.o	mo.o		inheritance			See Language page
Mutsun	7appa			inheritance			O77:61
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect		ʔɨb, ʔeːʔ					See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect		ʔɨb, ʔeːʔ		inheritance			See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua	yaya	jaja					See Language page
Ngamini	ngaRpi			inheritance
Ngandi	nyarr			inheritance
Ngarluma	jabu
Ngumbarl	eebala	ibala		inheritance
Nheengatu	parú, pai (from POR) paya	parú, pai (from POR), paja		unknown; doubtful loan	Portuguese		See Language page
Nhirrpi	ngapiRi			inheritance
Nimanburru	gupul	kupul		inheritance
Ninam	papa, ~he (gom), papa- (EM72)	papa, ~he (gom), papa- (EM72)		loan; inheritance	Portuguese		See Language page
Nisenan	te			unknown
Nivaclé		-tata	father				https://ids.clld.org/
Northern Emberá	zézaa	zéza:					See Language page
Northern Mangarla	wulu
Northern Nyangumarta	japartu			inheritance
Northern Paiute	naa			inheritance			Thornes 03:91
Northern Sierra Miwok	7ypy-, 7yp:y-			inheritance
Nukak		iip3		loan (into proto-language?)	Nadahup, e.g. Hup ʔíp		See Language page
Nyangumarta	japartu			inheritance
Nyikina	ibala	ibala		inheritance
Nyulnyul	gobol	kobol		inheritance
Nɨpode Witoto	mó.o	mó.o					See Language page
Ocaina	mõõ(hõ)	mõõ(hõ)		inheritance			See Language page
Paakantyi	kombitha, gambiji			inheritance
Pacahuara		'ɨpa, 'ʔɨpa				d'Orb noke papa. Heath pa-pa. Arm papá.	See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní		'tuva					See Language page
Paresi	baba	baba		doubtful loan	Portuguese		See Language page
Pemon	yun, potori (A1981); yeepootoori (E1980); yun (M2000)	dʒun, potoɾi (A1981); ʎepotorɪ (E1980)		inheritance			See Language page
Piapoco	[-án]iri (dp91)	[-án]iɾi (dp91)					See Language page
Piaroa	čá'oh	tʃá'oh		unique			See Language page
Pilagá		le-tʔa				Lit. '3pp-father'.	See Language page
Pirriya	thatha(nya)
Pitta-Pitta	yapiri			inheritance
Plains Miwok	7ap:a-			inheritance
Puinave	i	i		unique			See Language page
Pumé	amãĩ						See Language page
Páez	eye	eye					See Language page
Qawasqar		c̷ewal				Also c̷ec̷ar. Sk, Bo record c̷ec̷ar; AgC, Bo record terweya for Central QWS. Fi records c̷awol; SpS records tarwaya for South QWS.	See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano	tayta	tajta					See Language page
Resígaro	[-han]ígí (dp91)	[-han]ígí (dp91)		inheritance			See Language page
Rirratjingu	[missing]			missing
Ritharrngu	baapa			loan
Salinan A	ekh (A),			unknown
Salinan M	pexk			unknown			Mason 1918:134
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité		apyapoŋ; anyapoŋ					See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet		taata eŋak; aŋyaap					See Language page
Sanumá	-ha, '-a	-ha, '-a		inheritance			See Language page
Secoya	ja'quë	haʔkɨ					See Language page
Selknam		ʔàynn					See Language page
Seri (Comcaac)	-am (of female), -ai (of male)			unknown
Serrano	na7			inheritance
Shipibo-Konibo		papa					See Language page
Sikuani	axa (2)	áxa		inheritance			See Language page
Siona	taita (Quechua loan), pë'caguë	taita, pɨʔkaguɨ		loan; inheritance	Quechua		See Language page
Siriano	pagʉ́	pagɨ́					See Language page
Sirionó	paba; e-ru	paba; e-ru		doubtful loan	Portuguese		See Language page
Southern Paiute	mowa-S			inheritance
Southern Pastaza Quechua	yaya	jaja					See Language page
Southern Sierra Miwok	7ypyH-			inheritance
Southern Ute	muA-			inheritance
Suyá	peme	peme					See Language page
Sáliva	bahwa	bahʷa		unique			See Language page
Tacana		tata					See Language page
Tanimuca	aʔ'bi; 'paki 're	aʔ'bi; 'paki 're		unique; inheritance			See Language page
Tariana	ha-niɾi	ha-niɾi		inheritance			See Language page
Tatuyo	pa-'kɨ, 'ká-a-kɨ	pa-'kɨ, 'ká-a-kɨ					See Language page
Taushiro	iya´	iyaʔ					See Language page
Tehuelche		'y-ānkˀo				Means 'my father'.	See Language page
Tikuna		nãtɨ (?)		unique			See Language page
Tiriyó	jum-me, pa: (vocative; spanish loan), pahko	jum-me, pa: (vocative; spanish loan), pahko		inheritance			See Language page
Toba		l-taʔa					See Language page
Trinitario		tata					See Language page
Trumai	(ha)-ao	(ha)-ao		unique			See Language page
Tukano	pakɨ	pakɨ		inheritance	E-W Tuk		See Language page
Tuyuka	pa'kɨ	pa'kɨ					See Language page
Tübatulabal	anaa-n (before death of offspring)			inheritance
Tümpisa Shoshone	appy			loan direction unknown
Urarina	ufwa	ufwa		unique			See Language page
Wai Wai	yɨɨm; aa-mo	yɨɨm; aa-mo		inheritance			See Language page
Waikhana	pa'kɨ	pa'kɨ					See Language page
Waimaja	kʰáàkʰɨ	kʰáàkʰɨ					See Language page
Waimiri Atroari	papa	papa					See Language page
Walmajarri	ngarpu			inheritance
Wangkayutyuru	ngapiri			inheritance
Waorani	wæ̃po			unique			See Language page
Wapishana	-ˀdarɨ	-ˀdarɨ		loan, direction unknown	Warao dani		See Language page
Wappo	7aya (requires prefix)			unknown
Warao	ɾima, dani (pg 44)	rima, dani (pg 44)					See Language page
Wari	te	te				Possessed form.	See Language page
Warrwa	yibala, yibarra	yibarra, yibala		inheritance
Washo	digo/y7			unknown			J118
Waurá	pa'pa; -žɨ	pa'pa; -žɨ		doubtful loan	Portuguese		See Language page
Wayampi	-l-u; papa (VOC)	-l-u; papa (VOC)		unknown; doubtful loan			See Language page
Wayana	ïjum	ɨjum		inheritance			See Language page
Wayuu		ta-ši				Lit. 'my father'; also means 'father's brother' 02.512. Vocative form is taata.	See Language page
Western Mono	nawa			inheritance
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay		-hʷ'ča					See Language page
Wintu	-tan			inheritance
Wubuy	baba			doubtful loan
Yabarana		makə					See Language page
Yagua	jay	xãj		loan; unique	Quechua		See Language page
Yaminahua		ɨpa					See Language page
Yan-nhangu	gunharrkuḻi			unique
Yandruwandha	ngapiri			inheritance
Yanomam	fa	fa		inheritance			See Language page
Yanomami	hayë, ha- (EM72)	hajə, ha-		inheritance			See Language page
Yarluyandi	ngapiri			inheritance
Yavitero	ihi (dp91)	ihi (dp91)					See Language page
Yawarrawarrka	ngapati			inheritance
Yawuru	kuku	kuku		inheritance
Yine		hi-rɨ; pa-tɨ				Vocative form is pa-pa. Piro-Apurina forms are 'hɨ-rɨ; *pa-tɨ/pa.	See Language page
Yokuts Palewyami	nopop			inheritance			JPH in Gamble 91
Yokuts Yawdanchi	natet			unknown			K07:240
Yokuts Yowlumne	nopHopH			inheritance			Golla 1964
Yuhup		ʔîp		inheritance			See Language page
Yuki	-k'on', -k'unu'			inheritance			S&S 1984
Yukpa	epmo	dʒi'mo					See Language page
Yukuna	hara'apaji	-haɾaʔ [pá] (hr01), haɾaʔapahi		inheritance			See Language page
Yuma	7anyko/: “my father”; nyako/ H3:212			unknown
Yuruti	pa'kɨ́	pa'kɨ́					See Language page
Záparo	kumanu	kumanu					See Language page


Achagua
Aché
Aguaruna
Akawaio
Andoke
Apalai
Arabana
Araona
Ashuar
Ayoreo
Baniwa
Bankalachi Toloim
Barasano
Bardi
Bare
Bará
Barí
Baure
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Bora
Bunuba
Burarra
Cahuilla
Camsa
Candoshi-Shapra
Canela
Carapana
Carijona
Cavineña
Cayuvava
Central Aymara
Central Sierra Miwok
Cha'palaa
Chemehuevi
Chipaya
Chiriguano
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Cruzeno
Chumash Ineseno
Chumash Obispeno
Chumash Ventureno
Chácobo
Cocopa
Cofán
Comanche
Cubeo
Cuiva
Cupeño
Desano
Dhangu
Dhuwal
Dhuwala
Diyari
DiyariREU
Djambarrpuyngu
Djapu
Djeoromitxi
Djinang
Dâw
Epena
Ese Ejja
Ese Ejja/Huarayo
Esselen
Eñepa
Gabrielino
Gajirrabeng
Gooniyandi
Guayabero
Gupapuyngu
Gurindji
Hodï
Huambisa
Hup
Ignaciano
Iipay 'Aa
Ingá
Iquito
Itonama
Jabirr-Jabirr
Jaru
Jawi
Kabiyari
Kaingang
Kakataibo
Kakua
Kalapalo
Kanamarí
Karajarri
Karajá
Kariña
Karitiana
Katukina
Kawaiisu
Kija
Kiliwa
Kitanemuk
Kokama
Koreguaje
Kotiria
Kwazá
Lake Miwok
Lengua
Lokono
Luiseño
Maca
Macaguan
Maidu
Maihiki
Makiritare
Makuna
Makushi
Malyangapa
Mangala
Mapoyo
Mapudungun
Matses
Minica Witoto
Miriwung
Mithaka
Mocoví
Mojave
Mosetén-Chimané
Movima
Mudburra
Mudburra
Muinane
Muisca
Murui Witoto
Mutsun
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect
Nadëb/Roçado dialect
Napo Lowland Quichua
Ngamini
Ngandi
Ngarluma
Ngumbarl
Nheengatu
Nhirrpi
Nimanburru
Ninam
Nisenan
Nivaclé
Northern Emberá
Northern Mangarla
Northern Nyangumarta
Northern Paiute
Northern Sierra Miwok
Nukak
Nyangumarta
Nyikina
Nyulnyul
Nɨpode Witoto
Ocaina
Paakantyi
Pacahuara
Paraguayan Guaraní
Paresi
Pemon
Piapoco
Piaroa
Pilagá
Pirriya
Pitta-Pitta
Plains Miwok
Puinave
Pumé
Páez
Qawasqar
Quechua Ayacuchano
Resígaro
Rirratjingu
Ritharrngu
Salinan A
Salinan M
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet
Sanumá
Secoya
Selknam
Seri (Comcaac)
Serrano
Shipibo-Konibo
Sikuani
Siona
Siriano
Sirionó
Southern Paiute
Southern Pastaza Quechua
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Ute
Suyá
Sáliva
Tacana
Tanimuca
Tariana
Tatuyo
Taushiro
Tehuelche
Tikuna
Tiriyó
Toba
Trinitario
Trumai
Tukano
Tuyuka
Tübatulabal
Tümpisa Shoshone
Urarina
Wai Wai
Waikhana
Waimaja
Waimiri Atroari
Walmajarri
Wangkayutyuru
Waorani
Wapishana
Wappo
Warao
Wari
Warrwa
Washo
Waurá
Wayampi
Wayana
Wayuu
Western Mono
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay
Wintu
Wubuy
Yabarana
Yagua
Yaminahua
Yan-nhangu
Yandruwandha
Yanomam
Yanomami
Yarluyandi
Yavitero
Yawarrawarrka
Yawuru
Yine
Yokuts Palewyami
Yokuts Yawdanchi
Yokuts Yowlumne
Yuhup
Yuki
Yukpa
Yukuna
Yuma
Yuruti
Záparo

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