Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

lightning

Semantic Field
environment
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
rayo, relámpago
Meaning Portuguese
relampago

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Bankalachi Toloim wah'-lahm we'-ah 209 loan
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone kwo-7ainkah-kwicai-caih “lightning” unique
Cahuilla tawva-l te7ayaw7a “thunder power” unique S&H 1979
Central Sierra Miwok wile:p- inheritance
Chumash Barbareno s-qunt'aw inheritance Ono 1996:27
Chumash Cruzeno squnt'aw inheritance JPH
Chumash Ineseno s-qun-t'aw “lightning flashes” inheritance A 62
Chumash Ventureno tsqunqunt'aw “esta relampagueando” unknown JPH
Cocopa cu:la/m, su:la/m “lightning to flash” inheritance
Comanche ekakwitse7e inheritance
Cupeño taw$henve'et pewaq'a [tawşənvəɁət pəˈwaqɁə] inheritance
Gabrielino kwa:rkwarayemuk “es blitzt” loan into protolanguage
Iipay 'Aa shuuluk [şuˑ˅ˈlʊk] inheritance
Kawaiisu 7aga-zin7o-ry “lightning flash” inheritance
Kiliwa h-nyam unknown
Kitanemuk 7a-naka7 taoch “thunder's stick” unique
Lake Miwok ke/lip unique
Luiseño Siwa/ri- “to flash of lightning” inheritance
Maidu wip'i/li inheritance
Mojave huulas, huurav inheritance
Mutsun willep (N), wilpe (V) inheritance NW (JPH)
Nisenan wisp'il inheritance
Northern Sierra Miwok wil:ep-y- inheritance
Plains Miwok wil:ep, wul:ep inheritance
Salinan A sokAnto (A only); (ke)mi/ltop (S) vb loan
Salinan M missing missing
Seri (Comcaac) iza/ahox inoftj unknown
Serrano tikaltikalq loan
Southern Paiute angqa-xwicapry7 “red flashing obj, lightning” inheritance
Southern Sierra Miwok wi:le:p-aH inheritance
Southern Ute panakosarY unique
Tübatulabal washakwashaakat “be lightning” loan
Tümpisa Shoshone kongojoppo7e(nna)m, kongojopoppa7en unique
Washo dewp'ilélek, déʔpilelek unknown Washo Project
Western Mono aqakwitsi7i inheritance
Wintu walu:qi inheritance
Yavapai vrav 7ica (vrav ... 7i-ca (ca=Nom) inheritance
Yokuts Palewyami we-we/-ah unique CHM Berman 2002
Yokuts Yowlumne walam'-wiyi inheritance N1964
Yuki p'ah inheritance S1985
Yuma uravteva “there will be lightning” H6:148 inheritance
Carijona mana (SM) inheritance See Language page
Cubeo yaroino jaɾoino unique See Language page
Dâw pẽy  pæ̃j semantic shift thunder See Language page
Desano similar: bupu mia-ri ('to lighten') bupu mia-ɾi unique cf. thunder See Language page
Eñepa t-učeɲama-k (IDS) t-utʃeɲama-k (IDS) semantic shift; unknown thunder See Language page
Hodï choa bulewe / choburewe unique See Language page
Waorani dãĩ-pa unique See Language page
Hup cə́p cə́p inheritance Hup-Yuhup See Language page
Kakua wedǔna doubtful loan unknown See Language page
Makushi waraʔnapi esensiʔma (IDS) waraʔnapi esensiʔma (IDS) semantic shift thunder See Language page
Nheengatu werá wera inheritance See Language page
Nukak hɨdɨʔteu4at1 unique cf. thunder See Language page
Maihiki mɨja yebejɨ mɨxa jebexɨ̃ inheritance See Language page
Pemon waranapi (A1981) waɾanapi (A1981) semantic shift thunder See Language page
Resígaro phédo?vakhoótsí pʰédoʔvakʰoótsí unique See Language page
Sikuani já:maxɨ inheritance See Language page
Tariana énu diperitá (thunder=?) énu diperitá (thunder=?) unique from thunder See Language page
Tukano bɨpô jaʔbarí daa bɨpô jaʔbarí daa inheritance cf. thunder See Language page
Kotiria oroca sitero (Waltz) oɾoka siteɾo (Waltz) unique See Language page
Yanomami yamira, tãhimɨ jamiɾa, tãhimɨ unknown See Language page
Yukuna pichaní pitʃaní unique See Language page
Yuhup cǝ́p cǝ́p inheritance See Language page
Arabana piljpa inheritance
Bardi birdbag XXgl sheet lightning birdbak inheritance
Bunuba malngirri thunder.lightning doubtful loan
Burarra maykarran loan direction unknown
Dhangu yarraḏa unknown
Dhuwal maykarraṉ(') loan
Dhuwala maykarraṉ(') loan
Diyari 44 inheritance
DiyariREU pildripildri inheritance
Djambarrpuyngu 2268 loan direction unknown
Djapu maykarraṉ(') loan direction unknown
Djinang milnytjigi inheritance
Gajirrabeng jimilwiring inheritance
Gooniyandi jimirlooroo loan
Gupapuyngu maykarraṉ(') loan direction unknown
Gurindji janginyina loan Wardaman
Jaru malngirri unique
Karajarri 3926 inheritance
Kija X inheritance
Malyangapa Mal: pirndi loan direction unknown
Mangala linku wirri nganjurring (T) unknown
Miriwung jimilwiring inheritance
Mithaka wajinina unique
Mudburra 379
Mudburra janginyina loan
Ngamini 57 inheritance
Ngandi mirnim-dhu inheritance
Ngarluma warlibirdi
Ngumbarl wal-ng?ree <wal-ng?ree> unique
Nhirrpi [missing] missing
Nimanburru binmag binmak inheritance
Northern Mangarla jitama
Northern Nyangumarta pilart karramanarra inheritance
Nyangumarta marrji-marrji inheritance
Nyikina gabarlawurru kabarlawurru inheritance
Nyulnyul binmag binmak inheritance
Paakantyi bindi loan direction unknown
Pirriya [missing] missing
Pitta-Pitta pirlpa unique
Rirratjingu [missing] missing
Ritharrngu banayama' unique
Walmajarri pirtpirt doubtful loan
Wangkayutyuru pirlpa unique
Warrwa ganyingana kanyingana unique
Wubuy mindha inheritance
Yan-nhangu 2260 inheritance
Yandruwandha 57 unique
Yarluyandi paRu-kala inheritance
Yawarrawarrka 57 inheritance
Yawuru binjmag binymak inheritance
Achagua é:nu é:nu semantic shift thunder See Language page
Piapoco énu (lightning, thunder, gun) énu (lightning, thunder, gun) See Language page
Yavitero mélika(mélimelika) énu, íye énu (íye 'angry' + énu 'sky') mélika(mélimelika) énu, íye énu (íye 'angry' + énu 'sky') See Language page
Wapishana tʰuruwanarɨ pʰiẓuwa-n tʰuruwanarɨ pʰiẓuwa-n semantic shift thunder See Language page
Wayuu hɨ-yaa huya Means 'the flashing brilliance of the rain'; huya is 'rain' 01.750. See Language page
Yine rawrakľe See Language page
Paresi kahihiye kahihije unique See Language page
Ignaciano 'terameka; emarere See Language page
Trinitario emareko See Language page
Waurá yamiruka jamiruka inheritance See Language page
Cha'palaa 'kwidʸa 'pidʸa See Language page
Bora roríʔkʰʸo roríʔkʰʲo unique See Language page
Muinane náme-ba, námé-ba-no (verb) námɛ-ba, námέ-ba-no (vɛrb) See Language page
Akawaio kamiiriik ka'mirik inheritance See Language page
Apalai konomeru konomeru semantic shift thunder See Language page
Wayana kana nai kana nai inheritance See Language page
Tiriyó manan manan inheritance See Language page
Mapoyo ka'tawai (same as thunder) ka'tawai (same as thunder) See Language page
Wai Wai ΦeΦe ka-ɲe ΦeΦe ka-ɲe unique See Language page
Waimiri Atroari tarara (thunder/lightning) tarara (thunder/lightning) See Language page
Yabarana aɾabes'kaɾi See Language page
Yukpa tapana, tükara See Language page
Muisca pquahaza pkuahatʂa See Language page
Barí dyibahdū Colombia: ʔibəbarə. See Language page
Northern Emberá bha eraadrʉ́, nnagá númʉa bha eraːdrʉ́, nnagá númʉa See Language page
Epena pa-'baai Lit. 'thunder-fall'. See Language page
Guayabero ʧamx inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page
Macaguan ninínpeha unique See Language page
Cuiva jámɨxɨ relámpago, lightning Huber & Reed 1992:70
Playero jámaxɨ See Language page
Cofán tsanda veyaen tsanda βɛʒãɛ̡ phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra mamaaro mamaaɾo doubtful loan, direction unknown Zaparo See Language page
Taushiro canante' canandɨʔ See Language page
Páez cuene kuene See Language page
Tikuna na3-5xü3 (A58) naʔɨ unique See Language page
Urarina hianaa hianaa unique See Language page
Camsa tkuínje tkuínje See Language page
Pumé bɛrɛpamẽ See Language page
Tinigua tiɣa See Language page
Puinave wadi-yu wadi-ju unique See Language page
Ashuar cháarim, cháarimp tʃa:rim, tʃa:rimp See Language page
Huambisa peem pɨ:m See Language page
Aguaruna péem pɨ:m inheritance See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect wɨp unknown may be cognate but sound changes unclear See Language page
Matses bed-bedquequid bed-bedkekid unknown See Language page
Kakataibo ka'na *Panoan *kanapa. See Language page
Katukina kana See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo kana See Language page
Yaminahua kana pɨiša iki Means 'the lightning ray(bolt) is shining.' See Language page
Chácobo kanapa; βara- kanapa; βara- inheritance See Language page
Yagua radurya (Spanish loan?) rãdurja unique See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua rayu (Spanish loan) ɾaju See Language page
Ingá rilampa (Spanish loan) rilampa (Spaniʃ loan) See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua rayu (Spanish loan) ɾaju See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano llipya, illapa ʎipya, iʎapa See Language page
Piaroa ku'u'pakua'a' kuɁuɁpakuaɁaɁ unique cf. thunder See Language page
Sáliva leliga leliga unique See Language page
Bará bɨ'po wããjorihe See Language page
Barasano bɨhó jabe-se bɨhó jabe-se See Language page
Carapana bɨ'pó 'kɨ̃ ka-ja'bé-rí-je bɨ'pó 'kɨ̃ ka-ja'bé-rí-je See Language page
Makuna semantically similar: yi-re (to flash); bʉjo (for 'thunderstorm'; cf. Thunder) ji-ɾe; bɨxo inheritance cf. thunder See Language page
Yuruti wããjooro wããjooro See Language page
Waikhana ɨ'po bĩ'ãjẽ (ɨ'po means 'thunder') ɨ'po bĩ'ãjẽ (ɨ'po means 'thunder') See Language page
Siriano bu'pú bĩ'ã́-rĩ bu'pú bĩ'ã́-rĩ See Language page
Tanimuca bɨ'pó ja'bé-rí-he bɨ'pó ja'bé-rí-he inheritance cf. thunder See Language page
Tatuyo bɨ'pó ja'bé-rí-he bɨ'pó ja'bé-rí-he See Language page
Tuyuka bɨpó 'wãã-jo-re bɨpó 'wãã-jo-re See Language page
Waimaja bɨpó yabɛ́mì bɨpó jabɛ́mì See Language page
Koreguaje fe'nemʉ (verb) feʔnemʉ inheritance See Language page
Siona jue'neji (to make lightning) weʔnehi (to make lightning) inheritance See Language page
Secoya cue'neñe kwæʔnæñɛ See Language page
Karitiana pãmpi haryhary pãmpi haɾɨhaɾɨ unknown See Language page
Kokama tsentsene tsentsene unique See Language page
Wayampi wɛla wɛla inheritance See Language page
Aché wera inheritance See Language page
Chiriguano ama-wera inheritance See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní aratiri See Language page
Sirionó pi̯ri̯rã pi̯ri̯rã i̯ pi̯ri̯rã pi̯ri̯rã i̯ unique See Language page
Ocaina uuváhyo (relámpago) ɯɯβáʔjo unique See Language page
Nɨpode Witoto amé.o, borí-de amέ.o, borí-dɛ See Language page
Minica Witoto amé.o, borí-de amέ.o, borí-dɛ See Language page
Murui Witoto ameo, bori-de amɛo, bori-dɛ inheritance; unknown cf. Ocaina 'thunder' See Language page
Iquito nɨsínɨɨna nɨsínɨɨna unique See Language page
Záparo maharu mahaɾu See Language page
Wari jam (E&K97) jam (E&K97) See Language page
Araona popa See Language page
Ese Ejja poxexi unique See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo poxexe; po-xexi (Girard 1971) poxexe; po-xexi (Girard 1971) See Language page
Tacana c̷ero-c̷ero- See Language page
Cavineña tahita tahita unique See Language page
Central Aymara llijulliju ḳˀixu-ḳˀixu See Language page
Cayuvava irihe Also iri'he-heβe; riše-heβe; ri'hæhæβæ. See Language page
Itonama o-weʔla See Language page
Kwazá wɛro- wɛro- See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané 'perere See Language page
Movima yam-pa jam-pa See Language page
Trumai ameʃ (G99) ameʃ (G99) unique See Language page
Kaingang mrãrn ke (IDS) mrãrn ke See Language page
Canela i-rɨɨ *Jê form is *rɨ. See Language page
Djeoromitxi mĩmĩ mĩmĩ See Language page
Chipaya lʸiwx lʸiwxɲi See Language page
Mocoví n-ḳaiʔleg-aʁa Lit. 'prefix-flash-action (nom)'. See Language page
Pilagá n-ʔed-'aʁa Lit. 'prefix-ignite/flame-nom.'. See Language page
Toba ḳasoʁonaʁa Also means 'mountain, hill' 01.220. See Language page
Lengua #NAME? See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité apkilyimoma taɬa See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet kelyenmayaamˀ; anaata See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay yokʷ-lep See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja yexey (?); tˀakayi See Language page
Maca tethelun See Language page
Nivaclé tačin lightning Also klopopop. https://ids.clld.org/
Ayoreo a'n̥oraa-pie Lit. 'container of the lightning bolt'. See Language page
Mapudungun lʸɨfke Ranquel form is wilɨvɨ, noun. See Language page
Lokono bili-bili-ro bili-bili-ro lightning DeGoeje 1928:168
Kariña kapekape kapekape lightning Courtz 2007:290