Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

ear

Semantic Field: body
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: oreja
Meaning Portuguese: orelha

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Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Loan Source	General Notes	Source
Achagua	wíba	wíba		inheritance			See Language page
Aché		nabi		inheritance			See Language page
Aguaruna	kuwísh	kuwíʃ		doubtful loan, direction unknown	Candoshi		See Language page
Akawaio	pana	pana		inheritance	Proto-Carib		See Language page
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect	enu	enu					See Language page
Andoke	#NAME?	#NAME?		unique			See Language page
Apalai	pana	pana		inheritance			See Language page
Arabana	yarri			doubtful loan
Araona		e-iza-ha				Tacn form is ića-xa.	See Language page
Arutani	watika	watika					See Language page
Ashuar	kuwísh	kuwiʃ					See Language page
Ayoreo		a'ŋorone				Also a'ŋo-niŋini, lit. 'the ear's hole'.	See Language page
Baniwa	-héeni, -hináko-liko	-héeni, -hináko-ɺiko		inheritance			See Language page
Bankalachi Toloim	nahng'-hang 173; nahingal (K1907)			inheritance
Barasano	~gabo-ro	~gabo-ro					See Language page
Bardi	laaba XXgl earwax	laaba		inheritance
Bará		ãbõ'pe-ro					See Language page
Barí		koḳčii				Colombia: kokčirə. Chibchan form is 'kuhka; *kuhkua.	See Language page
Baure	čoko-n; senoki	tʃoko-n; senoki		inheritance; inheritance			See Language page
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone	nainkih, nenkih			inheritance
Bora	nïïmɨʔo	nɯɯmɨʔo		inheritance			See Language page
Bunuba	bina			loan
Burarra	gelama			unknown
Cahuilla	naq-al			inheritance			S&H 1979
Camsa	matskuáz	matskuas					See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra	kĩtsĩch	kĩtsĩʃ		doubtful loan, direction unknown	Jivaroan		See Language page
Canela		in-krɛ				Jê form is ŋrɛ.	See Language page
Carapana	ãmoorõ	ãmɔɔɾɔ̃					See Language page
Carijona	hana			inheritance			See Language page
Cavineña	iha-ka; iha-ka-kani (G71)	iha-ka; iha-ka-kani (G71)		inheritance			See Language page
Cayuvava		hiǰike; biǰike				Also 'riǰikæ.	See Language page
Central Aymara	jinchu	xinču					See Language page
Central Sierra Miwok	To:koshu-			inheritance
Cha'palaa		pungi				'pu-'nu is 'be inside' + -gi 'do'. South Barbacoan form is puNki.	See Language page
Chemehuevi	nanka/-v(y)			inheritance
Chipaya		kʰuɲi				Uru-J form is kʰuɲi.	See Language page
Chiriguano		(če-)naᵐbi		inheritance			See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja		-kyoteʔ ~ -c̷yoteʔ ~ -yoteʔ (f.)					See Language page
Chumash Barbareno	tu7			loan direction unknown			Klar 1977:23
Chumash Cruzeno	tu7u, tu			loan direction unknown			Klar 1977
Chumash Ineseno	tu7			loan direction unknown			Klar 1977:23
Chumash Obispeno	tu7			loan direction unknown			Klar 1977:23
Chumash Ventureno	tu			loan direction unknown			Klar 1977:23
Chácobo	paʔoki	paʔoki		inheritance			See Language page
Cocopa	shma:l			inheritance
Cofán	tsosina	tsosina				phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS	See Language page
Comanche	nakI			inheritance
Cubeo	cã́muca	kã́muka		inheritance			See Language page
Cuiva		pe-muxu-joró-to	oreja, ear				Huber & Reed 1992:7
Cupeño	-naq	[naq-]		inheritance
Desano	gãmiro	gãmiro		inheritance			See Language page
Dhangu	buthuru			loan
Dhuwal	buthuru			loan
Dhuwala	buthuru			loan
Diyari	tharlpa			inheritance
DiyariREU	jerri			loan	Thura-Yura
Djambarrpuyngu	1468			loan
Djapu	buthuru			loan
Djeoromitxi	nipi	nipi					See Language page
Djinang	miṉinggarri			unknown
Dâw	xũùy	xũ̂j		unique			See Language page
Epena		'kʰɨɨrɨ					See Language page
Ese Ejja		e-ša-xa		inheritance			See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo	e-šaxa	e-šaxa					See Language page
Esselen	tkxususu “ears”, tusu/s-- see S. voc.			loan direction unknown			Shaul 1995:200; Turner 1983:240)
Eñepa	-pana-	-pana-		inheritance			See Language page
Gabrielino	7ananax			inheritance
Gajirrabeng	ngarnderrang			unique	NJ
Gooniyandi	man.ga			loan
Guayabero		netʃóʔ-t		unique			See Language page
Gupapuyngu	buthuru			loan
Gurindji	langa			inheritance
Hodï	onéka			unique			See Language page
Huambisa	kuish	kuiʃ					See Language page
Hup	bɔtɔ́k	bɔtɔ́k		inheritance			See Language page
Ignaciano		#NAME?				'Hearing' is -kiɲa.	See Language page
Iipay 'Aa	hemall	[xəˈmaɫ]		inheritance
Ingá	ringri	ringri					See Language page
Iquito	túucu	túuku		inheritance			See Language page
Itonama		oh-mostˀoʔdo					See Language page
Jabirr-Jabirr	nilababa	nilababa		inheritance
Jaru	man.ga			inheritance
Jawi	neelamurr	nilamurr		inheritance
Kabiyari	u'uwi	uʔuwi					See Language page
Kaingang	nĩgrẽg	-nĩŋrɛ̃ŋ					See Language page
Kakataibo		pa'βi				Panoan pa-; *paβĩki.	See Language page
Kakua		mũrĩ-ʧû [ear-cl.cover]		inheritance			See Language page
Kalapalo	ifanagï	ifanagɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Kamayurá	nami	nami		inheritance			See Language page
Kanamarí	-matsahdak	-matʃahdak	orelha				Magalhães 2018:352
Karajarri	4243			inheritance
Karajá		nohõti					See Language page
Kariña	pana	pana	ear, fish sting				Yamada 2010:787
Karitiana	opirisap	opiɾisap		unknown			See Language page
Katukina		pãṣ̌o					See Language page
Kawaiisu	naga-vi-vi			inheritance
Kija	yarte			unique
Kiliwa	smaql			inheritance
Kitanemuk	kavac			inheritance
Kokama	nami	nami		inheritance			See Language page
Koreguaje	cãjoro	kãxoro		inheritance			See Language page
Kotiria	~kha'bo	~kʰaʔbo		inheritance	E-W Tuk		See Language page
Kwazá	ñãsi, -nãsi	ñãsi, -nãsi					See Language page
Lake Miwok	7a/lok			inheritance
Lengua		#NAME?					See Language page
Lokono	dike(-he)	dike(-he)	ear				Pet 1987:356
Luiseño	naq-la			inheritance
Maca		-ikfiʔ ~ -ekfiʔ (f.)					See Language page
Macaguan	-m(o)kórat	-m(o)kórat		inheritance	Proto-Guahiban		See Language page
Maidu	bono/			inheritance
Maihiki	ajodo ja	ãxõdo xã		inheritance			See Language page
Makiritare	hāna (IDS); hana	ha:na (IDS); hana (KH)		inheritance			See Language page
Makuna	~gabo-ro	~gabo-ro		inheritance			See Language page
Makushi	u-pana (IDS)	u-pana (IDS)		inheritance			See Language page
Malyangapa	ure			inheritance
Mangala	kuran (T), nilarba (McK)			unknown
Mapoyo	pana-ri; pana wankiri-'bë (earlobe)	pana-ri; pana wankiri-'bɛ (earlobe)					See Language page
Mapudungun		pilun				Same in Ranquel.	See Language page
Matses	pabiate	pabiate		inheritance			See Language page
Minica Witoto	héɸo	hέɸo					See Language page
Miriwung	ngarnderrang			unique	NJ
Mithaka	ngara			inheritance
Mocoví		l-keʔla					See Language page
Mojave	ismalyk			inheritance
Mosetén-Chimané		'čuiɲ					See Language page
Movima	lon̉-toto	lon̉-toto					See Language page
Mudburra	langa
Mudburra	langa			inheritance
Muinane	nɨ́xɨ-meeʔu	nɨ́xɨ-mɛɛʔu					See Language page
Muisca	cuhuca	kuhuka					See Language page
Murui Witoto	heɸo	hɛɸo		inheritance/Witoto			See Language page
Mutsun	tuksus			inheritance			C1962
Máku	čikaʔte	tʃikaʔte					See Language page
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect		nabuːj					See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect		nabuːj		inheritance			See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua	rinri	ɾinɾi					See Language page
Ngamini	talpa			inheritance
Ngandi	ma-ganam			unique
Ngarluma	gurlga			inheritance
Ngumbarl	neelabub	nilabab		inheritance
Nheengatu	nambi	nambi		inheritance			See Language page
Nhirrpi	thalpa			inheritance
Ninam	yũmuk, yɨmə (EM72)	jũmuk, jɨmə		inheritance			See Language page
Nisenan	bono:			inheritance
Nivaclé		-kfeʔ	ear				https://ids.clld.org/
Northern Emberá	kʉwʉrʉ́	kʉwʉrʉ́					See Language page
Northern Mangarla	rnirlapa			loan	Nyikina
Northern Nyangumarta	kurlka			loan	Ngarluma?
Northern Paiute	naka			inheritance			Thornes 04:476
Northern Sierra Miwok	To:kos-u			inheritance
Nukak		mũnĩ4 nɨ̃t1		inheritance	compare Puinave mut		See Language page
Nyangumarta	kurlka			inheritance
Nyikina	nilaba(ba)	nilaba(ba)		inheritance
Nyulnyul	nalebab	nalebab		inheritance
Nɨpode Witoto	hépo	hέpo					See Language page
Ocaina	xoñoon	xoɲõõ		unique?			See Language page
Paakantyi	yuri			doubtful loan
Pacahuara		'paʔoki				d'Orb paoki, pahoki. Heath paski, {pas-qui}.	See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní		naᵐbi					See Language page
Paresi	itinihe	itinihe		inheritance			See Language page
Pemon	pana (A1981)	pana (A1981)		inheritance			See Language page
Piapoco	uwi	uwi					See Language page
Piaroa	chäja (oído)	tʃæ̃hã		unknown			See Language page
Pilagá		le-ke'tela					See Language page
Pirriya	manga			inheritance
Pitta-Pitta	ngarrawa			inheritance
Plains Miwok	solo:to-			unknown
Puinave	-but; -butuk	-but; -butuk		unique			See Language page
Pumé	tãrãpuȩ						See Language page
Páez	tógnue	towẽ					See Language page
Qawasqar		ḳyawe				Bo, Be, Co record the same for Central QWS. AgC, Sk, Bo, Lu, Gui record kwerkyal; Sk, Bo, Fe record tel-kyol, which also means 'hear, listen', for Central QWS. Hy records tel; Fi records tel-tel for South QWS. Cf. 'hear' 15.410.	See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano	rinri	ɾinɾi					See Language page
Resígaro	henákó	henákó		inheritance			See Language page
Rirratjingu	buthuru			loan
Ritharrngu	buthurru			loan
Salinan A	ick'o/7ol (A),			unknown
Salinan M	e/ntAt	A is alpha		unknown			Mason 1918:126
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité		ahaikok					See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet		eŋhaykok					See Language page
Sanumá	tsɨmɨka (EM72)	tsɨmɨka		inheritance			See Language page
Sape	awi	awi					See Language page
Secoya	cajaro	kahã'řo					See Language page
Selknam		sin					See Language page
Seri (Comcaac)	isla			unknown
Serrano	-qAv, qAva:-c "ear, leaf"			inheritance
Shipibo-Konibo		pa-βiki; pa-					See Language page
Sikuani		pe-muxu-joró-to		inheritance			See Language page
Siona	kˀãho-tˀo	kˀãho-tˀo		inheritance			See Language page
Siriano	gããmípũ	gããmípũ					See Language page
Sirionó	eisa	eisa		unique			See Language page
Southern Paiute	nangqava-S			inheritance
Southern Pastaza Quechua	rinri	ɾinɾi					See Language page
Southern Sierra Miwok	Tolkoh-			inheritance
Southern Ute	nykavI			inheritance
Sáliva	ãxoxo	ãxoxo		unknown			See Language page
Tacana		e-iď̶aha					See Language page
Tanimuca	ãʔ'bũã	ãʔ'bũã		inheritance			See Language page
Tariana	di-whéni	di-whéni		inheritance			See Language page
Tatuyo	ã'bõõ-rõ	ã'bõõ-rõ					See Language page
Taushiro	a´oo	aʔoo					See Language page
Tehuelche		'šān					See Language page
Tikuna		tʃinɨ		unique			See Language page
Tiriyó	pana	pana		inheritance			See Language page
Toba		l-tela					See Language page
Trinitario		#NAME?					See Language page
Trumai	(ha) faptɨ	(ha) faptɨ		unique			See Language page
Tukano	o'mépero	o'mépero		inheritance	E-W Tuk		See Language page
Tuyuka	kãbõ'pe-ro	kãbõʔpe-ro					See Language page
Tübatulabal	nangha-l			inheritance
Tümpisa Shoshone	nangki			inheritance
Urarina	iriʨu	iɽitʃu		unique			See Language page
Wai Wai	o-Φana-rɨ	o-Φana-rɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Waikhana	kaʔ'bõ-dõ	kaʔ'bõ-dõ					See Language page
Waimaja	ã́mṍᵽeřò	ã́mṍɸerò					See Language page
Waimiri Atroari	pana	pana					See Language page
Walmajarri	pina			inheritance
Wangkayutyuru	ngarawa			inheritance
Waorani	õnõmõka mõka ??			unique			See Language page
Wapishana	-tʰaini	-tʰaini		inheritance			See Language page
Wappo	c'e/ma			loan direction unknown
Wari	tara-yišiʔ (taraʔ)	tara-jiʃiʔ (taraʔ)					See Language page
Warrwa	nilawa	nilawa		inheritance
Washo	p'i/sew			unknown			J326
Waurá	-tu'lũ	-tu'lũ		unknown			See Language page
Wayampi	apɨa-kwa ('ear-hole')	apɨa-kwa ('ear-hole')		unknown			See Language page
Wayana	pana	pana		inheritance			See Language page
Wayuu		ta-čeʔe					See Language page
Western Mono	na/qa(7)			inheritance
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay		-čˀu'te				Cf. 'deaf' 04.950.	See Language page
Wintu	ma:t			unknown
Wubuy	warang			unique
Yabarana		pa'nari					See Language page
Yagua	{-jay}	xaj		unique			See Language page
Yaminahua		pačo					See Language page
Yan-nhangu	buthuru			loan	English
Yandruwandha	thalpa			inheritance
Yanomam	yə̃məka	jə̃məka		inheritance			See Language page
Yanomami	pei yɨmɨ-ka-kɨ, yɨ̃məkə (EM72)	pei jɨmɨ-ka-kɨ, jɨ̃məkə		inheritance			See Language page
Yarluyandi	thalpa			inheritance
Yavapai	sma/lka			inheritance
Yavitero	tasine	tasine					See Language page
Yawarrawarrka	kutjera			inheritance
Yawuru	bidyara	bijara		loan
Yine		xnako; xepi				Piro-Apuriná form is kẽ'pi-ta.	See Language page
Yokuts Palewyami	tok			inheritance			K 1963
Yokuts Yawdanchi	tHukH			inheritance			K07, G64
Yokuts Yowlumne	tHuk'			inheritance			Golla 1964
Yuhup	bu'dɔk	bu'dɔk		inheritance			See Language page
Yuki	sha,m, shom, shum, $a:m			loan direction unknown			S&S 1984
Yukpa	apana	dʒipana					See Language page
Yukuna	i'ijwijí	iʔihwihí		inheritance			See Language page
Yuruti	kabõ-'péero	kabõ-'péero					See Language page
Záparo	taw+r+kaw	tawɨɾɨkaw					See Language page


Achagua
Aché
Aguaruna
Akawaio
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect
Andoke
Apalai
Arabana
Araona
Arutani
Ashuar
Ayoreo
Baniwa
Bankalachi Toloim
Barasano
Bardi
Bará
Barí
Baure
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Bora
Bunuba
Burarra
Cahuilla
Camsa
Candoshi-Shapra
Canela
Carapana
Carijona
Cavineña
Cayuvava
Central Aymara
Central Sierra Miwok
Cha'palaa
Chemehuevi
Chipaya
Chiriguano
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Cruzeno
Chumash Ineseno
Chumash Obispeno
Chumash Ventureno
Chácobo
Cocopa
Cofán
Comanche
Cubeo
Cuiva
Cupeño
Desano
Dhangu
Dhuwal
Dhuwala
Diyari
DiyariREU
Djambarrpuyngu
Djapu
Djeoromitxi
Djinang
Dâw
Epena
Ese Ejja
Ese Ejja/Huarayo
Esselen
Eñepa
Gabrielino
Gajirrabeng
Gooniyandi
Guayabero
Gupapuyngu
Gurindji
Hodï
Huambisa
Hup
Ignaciano
Iipay 'Aa
Ingá
Iquito
Itonama
Jabirr-Jabirr
Jaru
Jawi
Kabiyari
Kaingang
Kakataibo
Kakua
Kalapalo
Kamayurá
Kanamarí
Karajarri
Karajá
Kariña
Karitiana
Katukina
Kawaiisu
Kija
Kiliwa
Kitanemuk
Kokama
Koreguaje
Kotiria
Kwazá
Lake Miwok
Lengua
Lokono
Luiseño
Maca
Macaguan
Maidu
Maihiki
Makiritare
Makuna
Makushi
Malyangapa
Mangala
Mapoyo
Mapudungun
Matses
Minica Witoto
Miriwung
Mithaka
Mocoví
Mojave
Mosetén-Chimané
Movima
Mudburra
Mudburra
Muinane
Muisca
Murui Witoto
Mutsun
Máku
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect
Nadëb/Roçado dialect
Napo Lowland Quichua
Ngamini
Ngandi
Ngarluma
Ngumbarl
Nheengatu
Nhirrpi
Ninam
Nisenan
Nivaclé
Northern Emberá
Northern Mangarla
Northern Nyangumarta
Northern Paiute
Northern Sierra Miwok
Nukak
Nyangumarta
Nyikina
Nyulnyul
Nɨpode Witoto
Ocaina
Paakantyi
Pacahuara
Paraguayan Guaraní
Paresi
Pemon
Piapoco
Piaroa
Pilagá
Pirriya
Pitta-Pitta
Plains Miwok
Puinave
Pumé
Páez
Qawasqar
Quechua Ayacuchano
Resígaro
Rirratjingu
Ritharrngu
Salinan A
Salinan M
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet
Sanumá
Sape
Secoya
Selknam
Seri (Comcaac)
Serrano
Shipibo-Konibo
Sikuani
Siona
Siriano
Sirionó
Southern Paiute
Southern Pastaza Quechua
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Ute
Sáliva
Tacana
Tanimuca
Tariana
Tatuyo
Taushiro
Tehuelche
Tikuna
Tiriyó
Toba
Trinitario
Trumai
Tukano
Tuyuka
Tübatulabal
Tümpisa Shoshone
Urarina
Wai Wai
Waikhana
Waimaja
Waimiri Atroari
Walmajarri
Wangkayutyuru
Waorani
Wapishana
Wappo
Wari
Warrwa
Washo
Waurá
Wayampi
Wayana
Wayuu
Western Mono
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay
Wintu
Wubuy
Yabarana
Yagua
Yaminahua
Yan-nhangu
Yandruwandha
Yanomam
Yanomami
Yarluyandi
Yavapai
Yavitero
Yawarrawarrka
Yawuru
Yine
Yokuts Palewyami
Yokuts Yawdanchi
Yokuts Yowlumne
Yuhup
Yuki
Yukpa
Yukuna
Yuruti
Záparo

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