Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

split

Semantic Field
impact
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
partir, dividir
Meaning Portuguese
rachar, dividir, partir

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone -pahka (sg. obj), -paakuih (pl. obj.) "crack, break, split"; paijah (intr) inheritance
Cahuilla -chapi- unknown S&H 1979
Central Sierra Miwok Ta/l-wa- (vt) inheritance
Chemehuevi tapa/ki “split asunder” inheritance
Chumash Barbareno wi-ch'eq inheritance Klar 1977:79
Chumash Ineseno wati-ch'eq, tipe-ch'eq “to crack, split” inheritance A 368
Chumash Obispeno speleqe “split ... off”, have crack, partir inheritance Klar 1977:79
Chumash Ventureno nich'eq (of board) inheritance JPH
Cocopa cuTap (trs), Tap (intrs) inheritance
Comanche tabakoity inheritance
Cupeño nget-0 [ŋət] unknown
Iipay 'Aa wechall [wəˈʧaɫ] unknown
Kawaiisu topogoi- “split wood” unknown
Kiliwa -cap inheritance
Kitanemuk shererk unknown
Lake Miwok ha/pa unknown
Luiseño pava~i- unknown
Maidu wijy/t inheritance
Mojave sadap=(tr., wood for e.g.), tadap= (tr., same) (NOTE: redup from tap in Cocopa; UA *tapi??), tamkyelk=(something like a pumpkin, tr), taqan= (by accident), tavadoo= (part in hair), imkyelk= (intr) inheritance
Mutsun sachki “split something in half” unknown O77:210
Nisenan wac'a:t unknown
Northern Paiute kutsa “split.wood” unique Thornes 03:268
Northern Sierra Miwok pa7wa-, po7wa- unknown
Plains Miwok 7aswa- inheritance
Salinan A axAtcnAp (A), “split, part”; unknown
Salinan M e/xtc'nop unknown Mason 1918:139
Seri (Comcaac) iti cO|cazx (vi) unknown
Serrano Sara-7 (vt) inheritance
Southern Sierra Miwok 7a:T- inheritance
Southern Ute kwa7chikei (wood) inheritance
Tübatulabal chilaala-t unknown
Tümpisa Shoshone paha” unknown
Wappo hoch'a/m'i7 unknown
Washo gu/suyi unknown J240
Western Mono pytyhi-, unknown
Wintu Xica inheritance
Yavapai tika/:vi, chIpa:(macron), (m)scha/qi I has subdot, : is macron unknown
Yokuts Yowlumne T'idik' unknown N1964
Yuki haN (vi) unknown K1911:Voc
Yuma adha/pk “it is split” H1:29' a:dha/pk “he splits it” H1:31; tadha/p “to split” H6:164 inheritance
Baniwa keéta, matáka keéta, matáka inheritance See Language page
Cubeo bojeðayʉ; cotʉyʉ boxeðajɨ; kotɨjɨ inheritance See Language page
Dâw sap, ki’ ʃap, kiʔ semantic shift See Language page
Desano nuariñe (esp. hard things) nuaɾije unique See Language page
Eñepa -ɨpetyaka- (IDS) -ɨpetjaka- (IDS) inheritance See Language page
Hodï ʰkeɨ unique See Language page
Waorani ti-yæ̃-gõ unique See Language page
Hup b’ah-, pob b’ah-, pob inheritance See Language page
Kakua paʔ4, pãk2 [H&R] missing See Language page
Makushi yaʔmorikka (IDS) yaʔmorikka (IDS) inheritance See Language page
Nheengatu munuçuka munusuka inheritance See Language page
Ninam pahatra, pahto (EM72) pahatɾa, pahto inheritance See Language page
Nukak bɨɨʔ3 unknown See Language page
Maihiki batoyi, joayi batoji, xoaji inheritance See Language page
Pemon pantaka, ratoika, piraka, akituka, koroika, amorika, charamo, sarauka, mo (A1981); iwürüuka (M2000) pantaka, ɾatoika, piɾaka, akituka, koɾoika, amoɾika, tʃaɾamo, saɾauka, mo (A1981); iβɨ:ɻɨu'ka (M2000) inheritance See Language page
Resígaro khova?-khú (split wood), khovakó?i-Jú kʰovaʔ-kʰú (split wood), kʰovakóʔi-Jú unknown See Language page
Sanumá patho, kaka (EM72) patho, kaka inheritance; unique See Language page
Sikuani wokóta (sing.) wokóba (plur). ukúbaba 'trozar' (split into pieces) unknown; inheritance shared Cuiva See Language page
Tariana kadúwa kadúwa inheritance See Language page
Tukano pááwaʔa- pááwaʔa- inheritance See Language page
Kotiria to separate: -boro; to divide in half: wa'chu -boɾo; waʔʧú unknown; unique See Language page
Yanomam pakaropre (EM72) pakaɾopɾe unique See Language page
Yanomami hahathoaɨ, hahathomaɨ, hahathopraɨ hahatʰoaɨ, hahatʰomaɨ, hahatʰopɾaɨ unique See Language page
Yukuna ata'akaje, jata'akaje ataʔakahe, hataʔakahe unknown See Language page
Yuhup pob pob inheritance See Language page
Arabana palka-palka- inheritance
Bardi lara -joo- lara -ju- inheritance
Bunuba [missing] missing
Burarra barrja unknown
Dhangu barthun unknown
Dhuwal [missing] missing
Dhuwala balbaw'marama unknown
Diyari palka_x001E_ loan
DiyariREU [missing] missing
Djambarrpuyngu [missing] missing
Djapu [missing] missing
Djinang barrbiḻ unknown
Gajirrabeng lag inheritance
Gooniyandi [missing] missing
Gupapuyngu balbaw'marama unknown
Gurindji lak pa- loan Jaminjung
Jaru darlag unknown
Karajarri gar inheritance
Kija lak inheritance
Malyangapa [missing] missing
Mangala rlaarr-pu inheritance
Miriwung lag inheritance
Mithaka [missing] missing
Mudburra dil
Mudburra dil ba- loan
Ngamini palka_x001E_ loan
Ngandi X missing
Ngarluma garnda
Ngumbarl kal warrara <kal warrara> unique
Nhirrpi [missing] missing
Northern Mangarla rlaarr-pu
Northern Nyangumarta yilyu inheritance
Nyangumarta yilyu
Nyikina lar XXgl take off skin lar inheritance
Nyulnyul baṛ m-aṛan baṛ m-aṛan inheritance
Paakantyi ḏaḷa-ḏaḷa- unique
Pirriya [missing] missing
Pitta-Pitta palka inheritance
Rirratjingu [missing] missing
Ritharrngu barr'yun inheritance?
Walmajarri larlarrma- inheritance
Wangkayutyuru parlka- unique
Wubuy rlarl-bu, rurrdi inheritance?
Yan-nhangu [missing] missing
Yandruwandha kudrikudrina (?), yalba, unique
Yarluyandi [missing] missing
Yawarrawarrka [missing] missing
Yawuru rdirdirdi + rdirdirdi + semantic shift
Achagua ʃéʃineʒiu, ʃádáiʒiu ʃéʃineʒiu, ʃádáiʒiu unique See Language page
Piapoco tucúaca tukúaka See Language page
Yavitero huľeta; kuhaha huľeta; kuhaha See Language page
Wapishana tʰadaʔukʰa-n tʰadaʔukʰa-n inheritance? See Language page
Wayuu awakata Also awakaha. See Language page
Paresi eheka eheka inheritance See Language page
Ignaciano -'eheka; -'ehereka See Language page
Trinitario eheko See Language page
Baure piria; epiri piria; epiri unique See Language page
Waurá halaka halaka inheritance See Language page
Cha'palaa 'čii-nu; 'paa-nu See Language page
Bora dówajcáro (T98) tókʷaxkʰáro doubtful loan Arawak See Language page
Muinane quísíívehi (W97) kísííβeʔi See Language page
Akawaio 'mo (SM) ʔmo (SM) unknown See Language page
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect reʔpa reʔpa See Language page
Wayana ëtakpika ǝtakpika inheritance See Language page
Mapoyo enu'sapë'bë enu'sapɛ'bɛ See Language page
Wai Wai wɨ-raka-∅ wɨ-raka-∅ inheritance See Language page
Yukpa maijuku, echásmak See Language page
Muisca sacan btasqua sakan βtaskua See Language page
Barí aɨgdon (?) See Language page
Northern Emberá kõrái, toabéi kõrái, toabéi See Language page
Epena tʰoo-pʰe Lit. 'divide-instrument'. See Language page
Guayabero tíˀa, horizontal; tawáka, vertical unknown; doubtful loan Piapoco See Language page
Cuiva ukubóba, topʰohába hender, split Huber & Reed 1992:353
Playero titíka, 'rasgar, romper tela o papel' - 'tear, like cloth or paper' See Language page
Cofán doñañe, tsse'tsseye doɲãɲɛ, tshɛʔtshɛjɛ phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra ipósamaama ipósamaama unique See Language page
Páez pe´lande- peʔlande- See Language page
Tikuna nare-pêu-tê (Alv44) nareʔpɨuʔtɨ unique See Language page
Camsa xaʃtɨtɕána xaʃtɨtɕána See Language page
Andoke pa' paʔ unique See Language page
Pumé tuti-čia See Language page
Puinave [-yau-nok] (int.); [-yau-dei] (tr.) jau-nok; -jau-dei unique See Language page
Ashuar jíinkitin xi:nkitin See Language page
Huambisa akankatsa akankatsa See Language page
Aguaruna dakát, akanát dakat, akanat unique; inheritance See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect bǝh inheritance cognate Hup See Language page
Matses canche, cuësh kantʃe, kuɨʃ unknown See Language page
Kakataibo tuka-ti See Language page
Katukina pɨša- See Language page
Pacahuara ma'tošmaki Means 'he causes to split'. See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo kaṣ̌kɨ-ti See Language page
Yaminahua toṣ̌a-kĩ; kaškɨ-kĩ Respectively: split open; split apart. See Language page
Chácobo matoṣ̌- matoṣ̌- unique shared Pacahuara See Language page
Yagua jaruti; ruve (in halves) xaru:ti; ruve unique; unique See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua chawpina, chillpina tʃawpina, tʃiʎpina See Language page
Ingá bandai, bandiai bandai, bandiai See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua liquina, chaupina likina, tʃaupina See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano ch'iqtay, rakiy (CP94) tʃ'iqtaj, rakij See Language page
Bará be'é See Language page
Barasano háábat-ó-, bohé- háábat-ó-, bohé- See Language page
Carapana bo'pé bo'pé See Language page
Makuna boje-re (identical with cut/hack) boxe-ɾe inheritance See Language page
Yuruti 'bée- 'bée- See Language page
Waikhana po'ʔa- po'ʔa- See Language page
Siriano ba'í- ba'í- See Language page
Tanimuca waʔa-ri-ka waʔa-ri-ka inheritance See Language page
Tatuyo bo'pé bo'pé See Language page
Tuyuka be'é be'é See Language page
Waimaja páá tuu, bũtu'ó páá tuu, bũtu'ó See Language page
Koreguaje vatomʉ batomʉ inheritance See Language page
Siona hua'huaji, joiji waʔwahi, hoihi inheritance See Language page
Secoya joye hɔjɛ See Language page
Karitiana soky sokɨ inheritance See Language page
Wayampi -ɔka; -mɔʔi -ɔka; -mɔʔi inheritance See Language page
Aché mubu unknown See Language page
Chiriguano ᵐbo-wo inheritance See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní ǰoka; ᵐbo-vo See Language page
Sirionó momo; ɲisia momo; ɲisia inheritance See Language page
Kamayurá joˀok, pɨtupɨtuka joˀok, pɨtupɨtuka inheritance See Language page
Ocaina botyoojo botʲoojo doubtful loan W. Tukanoan See Language page
Murui Witoto taɨ́node, taɨillude taɯ́nodɛ, taɯidʒudɛ (B83) unknown See Language page
Iquito nɨɨcaani (split in half) nɨɨkaani (split in half) unknown See Language page
Záparo rawɨtɨnu (split wood) rawɨtɨnu (split wood) See Language page
Wari toʔ pahot, toʔ pahorohot toʔ pahot, toʔ pahorohot See Language page
Araona noi; tozo; sala See Language page
Ese Ejja poho-nahe unique See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo taa-kwe; po-ho- (Girard 1971) taa-kwe; po-ho- See Language page
Tacana peď̶o-; boðeðe- Also hemi-c̷oa-dera, as for firewood. See Language page
Cavineña bori-ya; pac̷a-ya bori-ya; pača-ya unique; unknown See Language page
Central Aymara jaljaña xalxa-ɲa See Language page
Kwazá by- by- See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané 'četheʔ ~ čee'teʔ See Language page
Movima oi-ka-pin̉ oi-ka-pin̉ See Language page
Kaingang ryg, rygryg rɨŋ; rɔm; ruŋrɔm See Language page
Karajá abɨnɨ; čua See Language page
Djeoromitxi djebühe dʒebøhe See Language page
Mocoví r-opoḳo-gi Lit. '3p actor-split-through'. See Language page
Pilagá ∅-kosay-a-ʔage Lit. '3pa-open-aspect-along'. See Language page
Toba de-poḳo-gi Lit. '3p actor-split-through'. See Language page
Lengua #NAME? See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet nempaʔaɬkatma See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay hi-če'sah See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja -fʷaxakiʔ See Language page
Maca #NAME? Means to cut in two pieces. See Language page
Nivaclé -kˀas-at split https://ids.clld.org/
Ayoreo a'hukeʔ; ĩpoo'čereʔ Also adj. form ipõõ'čerããi; ipõõ'čerã. See Language page
Mapudungun waṭ͡ʀo-ka, ṭ͡ʀafo-ka Ranquel form is uðanente-. See Language page
Selknam pˀa See Language page
Lokono faradan ɸaɾadan split firewood Pet 1987:372
Kariña araka araka split Yamada 2010:717