Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

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Semantic Field: mental
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: ver
Meaning Portuguese: ver

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Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Loan Source	General Notes	Source
Achagua	kába	kába		inheritance			See Language page
Aché		mečã		unknown			See Language page
Aguaruna	diít	di:t		unknown			See Language page
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect	ene	ene					See Language page
Andoke	pó'kə̃́	póʔkə̃́		unique			See Language page
Apalai	aosenuhmatohme	aosenuhmatohme		unknown			See Language page
Arabana	kanpa-			unique
Araona		ba				Tacn form is ba-.	See Language page
Arutani	kina (also used for to know)	kina (also used for to know)					See Language page
Ashuar	jíistin, wáinkatin	xi:stin, wainkatin					See Language page
Ayoreo		i'moʔ					See Language page
Baniwa	-kápa	-kápa		inheritance			See Language page
Bankalachi Toloim	sil “look”, tah'-wŭ 227; tāwükü (K1907)			inheritance
Barasano	~ia-re	~ia-re					See Language page
Bardi	-jala-	-jala-		inheritance
Bare	yada	jada					See Language page
Bará		ĩ'ã́					See Language page
Barí		maadyi				Colombia: maynə. Chibchan forms are sũ and *'guaki. Cf. also 'know' 17.170.	See Language page
Baure	hinok-	hinok-		unique			See Language page
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone	puni”, pui” “look at, see”			inheritance
Bora	axthyḯmɨ, tḯxïḯ-kʰïnï, ïḯxe	axthjɯ́mɨ, tɯ́xɯɯ́-kʰɯnɯ, ɯɯ́xɛ		inheritance			See Language page
Bunuba	mila-			inheritance
Burarra	garrgaja			unknown
Cahuilla	-teew-			inheritance			S&H 1979
Camsa	xinjána	xinjána					See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra	pámaama	pámaama		unique			See Language page
Canela		yə̃ (yɨ̃ ?)				Jê form is ɲɨ̃; *ɲɨ̃r. Maxacalí form is -ɲɨ̃m.	See Language page
Carapana	ĩñarĩqũẽ	ĩɲaɾĩkɛ̃					See Language page
Carijona	enerɨ			inheritance			See Language page
Cavineña	ba-ya	ba-ya		inheritance			See Language page
Cayuvava		ruune; un-; uun-					See Language page
Central Aymara	uñjaña	uɲxa-ɲa					See Language page
Central Sierra Miwok	shyj-nge-			inheritance
Cha'palaa		'kee-nu; 'kee-'ke-nu					See Language page
Chemehuevi	puu/nii			inheritance
Chipaya		čerš					See Language page
Chiriguano		eča; esa		inheritance			See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja		-wen ~ -win				Also means 'meet' 19.650.	See Language page
Chumash Barbareno	kutij			inheritance			Mithun 1997:228
Chumash Cruzeno	tyl			unknown			JPH
Chumash Ineseno	-kuti (I)			inheritance			A 7
Chumash Obispeno	pyni “to see”, qi-pyni “look at” p. 159;			loan			Klar 159
Chumash Ventureno	qisy			unknown			JPH
Chácobo	his-	his-		inheritance			See Language page
Cocopa	wi:			unknown
Cofán	cañe, átteye	athejɛ				phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS	See Language page
Comanche	punity			inheritance
Cubeo	jã́ñʉ	xã́ɲɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Cuiva		táne, nekóta	ver, see				Huber & Reed 1992:277
Cupeño	tew-0	[tɨw]		inheritance
Desano	ĩãri	ĩãri		inheritance			See Language page
Dhangu	nha:ma			inheritance
Dhuwal	nhäma
Dhuwala	ḏirrgiyun			unknown
Diyari	nhayi-			inheritance
DiyariREU	najinta			inheritance
Djambarrpuyngu	nha:ma
Djapu	nhäma			unknown
Djeoromitxi	änõ	ǝnõ					See Language page
Djinang	milmangi			unknown
Dâw	wây’	wǝj'		unique			See Language page
Epena		unu-				Also means 'find' 11.320.	See Language page
Ese Ejja		ɓa-nahe		inheritance			See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo	ba-kwe	ba-kwe					See Language page
Esselen	gics-			unknown			Shaul 1995:216
Eñepa	-iɲei-	-iɲei-		inheritance			See Language page
Gabrielino	hu:tu-			inheritance
Gajirrabeng	derd			unique	NJ
Gooniyandi	mila-			inheritance
Guayabero		tén		inheritance	Proto-Guahiban		See Language page
Gupapuyngu	ḏirrgiyun			unknown
Gurindji	karrap nya-			unique
Hodï	wete'ta			unique			See Language page
Huambisa	iistasa	i:stasa					See Language page
Hup	key-	kej-		inheritance			See Language page
Ignaciano		-'imaʔa					See Language page
Iipay 'Aa	ewuuw	[əˈwuˑ˅u]		unknown
Ingá	kawai	kawai					See Language page
Iquito	niquiini	nikiini		inheritance			See Language page
Itonama		sewane				'Vision' is uhkačasno.	See Language page
Jabirr-Jabirr	-jal-	-jal-		inheritance
Jaru	nya-			inheritance
Jawi	nungalal, nunjal	nungalal, nunyal		inheritance
Kabiyari	ikhá	ikhá					See Language page
Kaingang	ve, vigve	we; wiŋwe					See Language page
Kakataibo		is-ti				Panoan is-; *ʔoĩ.	See Language page
Kakua		ʔên		inheritance			See Language page
Kalapalo	ŋi-	ŋi-		inheritance			See Language page
Kamayurá	etsak	etsak		inheritance			See Language page
Kanamarí	hik	hik	ver; achar				Magalhães 2018:365
Karajarri	nyanganya (2)			inheritance
Karajá		ičere; obi					See Language page
Kariña	ene	ene	see				Yamada 2010:730
Katukina		oĩ-					See Language page
Kawaiisu	py-kee-			unknown
Kija	tek			unique
Kiliwa	saaw, saw-u			unknown
Kitanemuk	hiu			inheritance
Kokama	umi	umi		unique			See Language page
Koreguaje	ñamʉ	ɲamʉ		inheritance			See Language page
Kotiria	~yʉ	~jʉ		inheritance	E-W Tuk		See Language page
Kwazá	ãwỹi-, ãwỹirjỹ-	ãwỹi-, ãwỹirjỹ-					See Language page
Lake Miwok	7u/TeG-			inheritance
Lengua		#NAME?					See Language page
Lokono	dykhyn	dɨkʰɨn	see				Pet 1987:370
Luiseño	tow-			inheritance
Maca		#NAME?					See Language page
Macaguan		ten		inheritance	Proto-Guahiban		See Language page
Maidu	c'e../, c'eno (for e.g.; c'e... is an IP)			inheritance
Maihiki	ñiayi (1st person singular)	ɲiayi		inheritance			See Language page
Makiritare	ene-dɨ (IDS); ene:dü (KH) (means 'to see, know)	ene-dɨ (IDS); ene:dɨ (KH)		inheritance			See Language page
Makuna	ti-re	ti-re		unique			See Language page
Makushi	eraʔma (IDS)	eraʔma (IDS)		inheritance			See Language page
Malyangapa	pome			loan direction unknown
Mangala	mil ka-			semantic shift
Mapoyo	-yeni	-jeni					See Language page
Mapudungun		pe				Same form in Ranquel.	See Language page
Matses	is	is		inheritance			See Language page
Minica Witoto	erói-de, kï.ó-de	ɛrói-dɛ, kɯ.ó-dɛ					See Language page
Miriwung	derd			unique	NJ
Mithaka	kalindaRi			unique
Mocoví		n-awan-či-giɲi					See Language page
Mojave	iyuu=			inheritance
Mosetén-Chimané		ka'be					See Language page
Movima	ɗe-wah-na	ɗe-wah-na					See Language page
Mudburra	nyang-ku
Mudburra	nya-			inheritance
Muinane	áttyɨ́me-ʔi, méekkɨ-ʔi	áttjɨ́mɛ-ʔi, mέɛkkɨ-ʔi					See Language page
Muisca	zemistysuca	tʂemistɨsuka					See Language page
Murui Witoto	kï.o-de	kɯ.o-dɛ		inheritance			See Language page
Mutsun	hay(we)			unknown			O77:203
Máku	ku	ku					See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect		ha-pəh		unique			See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua	ricuna	ɾikuna					See Language page
Ngamini	nir[r]kala			inheritance
Ngandi	rna-			inheritance
Ngarluma	nhagu
Ngumbarl	minjalla, nganjalla, jalla	<minjalla, nganjalla, jalla>		inheritance
Nheengatu	mã´ã	mãʔã		inheritance			See Language page
Nhirrpi	wa			inheritance
Nimanburru	-jal- [mad-j.alen]	-jal- [mad-j.alen]		inheritance
Ninam	taa, mɨ (EM72), nta (EM72)	ta:, mɨ (EM72), nta (EM72)		inheritance			See Language page
Nisenan	by, bu, IP			unknown
Nivaclé		-ʔwan	see				https://ids.clld.org/
Northern Emberá	unúi, akʉ́i	unúi, akʉ́i					See Language page
Northern Mangarla	milka
Northern Nyangumarta	yirrini- (V2)			unknown
Northern Paiute	[puni			inheritance			Thornes 03:33
Northern Sierra Miwok	heTe:j-y-			inheritance
Nukak		ʔen4		inheritance			See Language page
Nyangumarta	parrjala			unknown
Nyikina	-ba- [ma-ban / ma-bar%an] (tr)	-ba- [ma-ban / ma-bar%an] (dr)		inheritance
Nyulnyul	-jal- [mad@ialan] XXgl see, be faithful	-jal- [majalan] XXkl si, be fayidhful		inheritance
Nɨpode Witoto	erói-de, kï.ó-de	ɛrói-dɛ, kɯ.ó-dɛ					See Language page
Ocaina	xaa	xaa		inheritance			See Language page
Paakantyi	pommi			loan direction unknown
Pacahuara		his'pa, 'hisna				Command forms.	See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní		h-eča					See Language page
Paresi	waiya	waija		unique			See Language page
Piapoco	icáca	ikáka					See Language page
Piaroa	tópu	tɤpu		unknown			See Language page
Pilagá		n-a'waa-či-iɲi					See Language page
Pirriya	[missing]			missing
Pitta-Pitta	nhatyi			inheritance
Plains Miwok	ci:sy-			unknown
Puinave	#NAME?	#NAME?		unique			See Language page
Pumé	da						See Language page
Páez	teng	teng					See Language page
Qawasqar		ye-ḳsor				Sk, Bo record le-ksor for Central QWS.	See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano	qaway, rikuy	qawaj, ɾikuj					See Language page
Rirratjingu	nha:ma
Ritharrngu	nhaama			inheritance
Salinan A	iam, iem (A)			unknown
Salinan M	ia:m			unknown			Mason 1918:141
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité		akwitayi					See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet		neŋwetayˀ; neŋwetayʔo					See Language page
Sanumá	mɨ, ta (both EM72)	mɨ, ta (both EM72)		inheritance			See Language page
Sape	mow (also used for to know)	mow (also used for to know)					See Language page
Secoya	ñajë'ë	ñãhɨ̃ʔɨ					See Language page
Selknam		ahyḳe					See Language page
Seri (Comcaac)	quiho			unknown
Serrano	hii, hihii			inheritance
Shipibo-Konibo		oĩ-ti; histi					See Language page
Sikuani		táne		inheritance			See Language page
Siona	ʔɨ̃yã-hi	ʔɨ̃jã-hi		inheritance			See Language page
Siriano	ĩĩã	ĩĩã					See Language page
Sirionó	mae (erese); tea	mae (erese); tea		inheritance			See Language page
Southern Paiute	pyn:i-			inheritance
Southern Pastaza Quechua	ricuna	ɾikuna					See Language page
Southern Sierra Miwok	hyj:-			inheritance
Southern Ute	pynikya, punikya			inheritance
Sáliva	ĩtajaha	ĩtahaʔa		unknown			See Language page
Tacana		ba-				Also means 'observe, feel, consider, understand, perceive'.	See Language page
Tanimuca	ĩã-	ĩã-		inheritance			See Language page
Tariana	ká	ká		inheritance			See Language page
Tatuyo	tɨ'hɨ-	tɨ'hɨ-					See Language page
Taushiro	o´ts	oʔts					See Language page
Tehuelche		e'kˀē-; 'e-					See Language page
Tikuna	-dau	-dau		unique			See Language page
Tiriyó	ene	ene		inheritance			See Language page
Toba		n-awaa-či-giɲi; de-mehn-aʁan					See Language page
Trinitario		imʔo					See Language page
Trumai	(ha) xuʔtsa	(ha) xuʔtsa		unique			See Language page
Tukano	ĩ'yâ	ĩ'jâ		inheritance	E-W Tuk		See Language page
Tuyuka	ĩ'yã	ĩʔjã					See Language page
Tübatulabal	taawykyyla-t			unknown
Tümpisa Shoshone	puni”, punikkan			inheritance
Urarina	kwar	kwaɽ		unique			See Language page
Wai Wai	enɨ-hra	enɨ-hra		inheritance			See Language page
Waikhana	ĩʔjã	ĩʔjã					See Language page
Waimaja	ĩ́ã́	ĩ́ã́					See Language page
Walmajarri	nya-			inheritance
Wangkayutyuru	thalha-			unique
Waorani	a			unique			See Language page
Wapishana	tʰɨkʰapʰa-n	tʰɨkʰapʰa-n		inheritance	Proto North Arawak		See Language page
Wappo	na/wshi7			inheritance
Warao	mi	mi					See Language page
Wari	kerek	kerek					See Language page
Warrwa	-jarla-	-jarla-		inheritance
Washo	Ii/:gi			unknown			J286
Waurá	-nupa; k-užutai	-nupa; k-užutai		unique			See Language page
Wayampi	#NAME?	#NAME?		inheritance			See Language page
Wayana	ene	ene		inheritance			See Language page
Wayuu		er̃a					See Language page
Western Mono	poni-, puni-			inheritance
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay		wen					See Language page
Wintu	wine			inheritance
Wubuy	na			inheritance
Yabarana		rai'niri					See Language page
Yagua	jnuy	xnũj		unique			See Language page
Yaminahua		õi-kĩ					See Language page
Yan-nhangu	nhäma			inheritance
Yandruwandha	wawa			inheritance
Yanomam	mɨ, ta (both EM72)	mɨ, ta (both EM72)		inheritance			See Language page
Yanomami	mɨ-ɨ, ta (EM72)	mɨ-ɨ, ta (EM72)		inheritance			See Language page
Yarluyandi	sthirkana			unknown
Yavapai	?u/:			inheritance
Yavitero	nita	nita					See Language page
Yawarrawarrka	wauindri			inheritance
Yawuru	-bura- (-baa-)	-bura- (-baa-)		inheritance
Yine		heta					See Language page
Yokuts Palewyami	telew'			unique			JPH Gamble 91
Yokuts Yawdanchi	7Okha			inheritance			K07:250, G64
Yokuts Yowlumne	e:k'a			inheritance			Golla 1964:64
Yuhup	key	kej		inheritance			See Language page
Yuki	na,w			inheritance			S&S 1984
Yukpa	ésare, kóyene	tense					See Language page
Yukuna	amákaje	amákahe		inheritance			See Language page
Yuma	ayu:/k “he sees” H1:28			inheritance
Yuruti	ĩ́jãã	ĩ́jãã					See Language page
Záparo	nukinyu	nukinju					See Language page


Achagua
Aché
Aguaruna
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect
Andoke
Apalai
Arabana
Araona
Arutani
Ashuar
Ayoreo
Baniwa
Bankalachi Toloim
Barasano
Bardi
Bare
Bará
Barí
Baure
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Bora
Bunuba
Burarra
Cahuilla
Camsa
Candoshi-Shapra
Canela
Carapana
Carijona
Cavineña
Cayuvava
Central Aymara
Central Sierra Miwok
Cha'palaa
Chemehuevi
Chipaya
Chiriguano
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Cruzeno
Chumash Ineseno
Chumash Obispeno
Chumash Ventureno
Chácobo
Cocopa
Cofán
Comanche
Cubeo
Cuiva
Cupeño
Desano
Dhangu
Dhuwal
Dhuwala
Diyari
DiyariREU
Djambarrpuyngu
Djapu
Djeoromitxi
Djinang
Dâw
Epena
Ese Ejja
Ese Ejja/Huarayo
Esselen
Eñepa
Gabrielino
Gajirrabeng
Gooniyandi
Guayabero
Gupapuyngu
Gurindji
Hodï
Huambisa
Hup
Ignaciano
Iipay 'Aa
Ingá
Iquito
Itonama
Jabirr-Jabirr
Jaru
Jawi
Kabiyari
Kaingang
Kakataibo
Kakua
Kalapalo
Kamayurá
Kanamarí
Karajarri
Karajá
Kariña
Katukina
Kawaiisu
Kija
Kiliwa
Kitanemuk
Kokama
Koreguaje
Kotiria
Kwazá
Lake Miwok
Lengua
Lokono
Luiseño
Maca
Macaguan
Maidu
Maihiki
Makiritare
Makuna
Makushi
Malyangapa
Mangala
Mapoyo
Mapudungun
Matses
Minica Witoto
Miriwung
Mithaka
Mocoví
Mojave
Mosetén-Chimané
Movima
Mudburra
Mudburra
Muinane
Muisca
Murui Witoto
Mutsun
Máku
Nadëb/Roçado dialect
Napo Lowland Quichua
Ngamini
Ngandi
Ngarluma
Ngumbarl
Nheengatu
Nhirrpi
Nimanburru
Ninam
Nisenan
Nivaclé
Northern Emberá
Northern Mangarla
Northern Nyangumarta
Northern Paiute
Northern Sierra Miwok
Nukak
Nyangumarta
Nyikina
Nyulnyul
Nɨpode Witoto
Ocaina
Paakantyi
Pacahuara
Paraguayan Guaraní
Paresi
Piapoco
Piaroa
Pilagá
Pirriya
Pitta-Pitta
Plains Miwok
Puinave
Pumé
Páez
Qawasqar
Quechua Ayacuchano
Rirratjingu
Ritharrngu
Salinan A
Salinan M
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet
Sanumá
Sape
Secoya
Selknam
Seri (Comcaac)
Serrano
Shipibo-Konibo
Sikuani
Siona
Siriano
Sirionó
Southern Paiute
Southern Pastaza Quechua
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Ute
Sáliva
Tacana
Tanimuca
Tariana
Tatuyo
Taushiro
Tehuelche
Tikuna
Tiriyó
Toba
Trinitario
Trumai
Tukano
Tuyuka
Tübatulabal
Tümpisa Shoshone
Urarina
Wai Wai
Waikhana
Waimaja
Walmajarri
Wangkayutyuru
Waorani
Wapishana
Wappo
Warao
Wari
Warrwa
Washo
Waurá
Wayampi
Wayana
Wayuu
Western Mono
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay
Wintu
Wubuy
Yabarana
Yagua
Yaminahua
Yan-nhangu
Yandruwandha
Yanomam
Yanomami
Yarluyandi
Yavapai
Yavitero
Yawarrawarrka
Yawuru
Yine
Yokuts Palewyami
Yokuts Yawdanchi
Yokuts Yowlumne
Yuhup
Yuki
Yukpa
Yukuna
Yuma
Yuruti
Záparo

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