Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

see

Semantic Field
mental
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
ver
Meaning Portuguese
ver

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Bankalachi Toloim sil “look”, tah'-wŭ 227; tāwükü (K1907) inheritance
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone puni”, pui” “look at, see” inheritance
Cahuilla -teew- inheritance S&H 1979
Central Sierra Miwok shyj-nge- inheritance
Chemehuevi puu/nii inheritance
Chumash Barbareno kutij inheritance Mithun 1997:228
Chumash Cruzeno tyl unknown JPH
Chumash Ineseno -kuti (I) inheritance A 7
Chumash Obispeno pyni “to see”, qi-pyni “look at” p. 159; loan Klar 159
Chumash Ventureno qisy unknown JPH
Cocopa wi: unknown
Comanche punity inheritance
Cupeño tew-0 [tɨw] inheritance
Esselen gics- unknown Shaul 1995:216
Gabrielino hu:tu- inheritance
Iipay 'Aa ewuuw [əˈwuˑ˅u] unknown
Kawaiisu py-kee- unknown
Kiliwa saaw, saw-u unknown
Kitanemuk hiu inheritance
Lake Miwok 7u/TeG- inheritance
Luiseño tow- inheritance
Maidu c'e../, c'eno (for e.g.; c'e... is an IP) inheritance
Mojave iyuu= inheritance
Mutsun hay(we) unknown O77:203
Nisenan by, bu, IP unknown
Northern Paiute [puni inheritance Thornes 03:33
Northern Sierra Miwok heTe:j-y- inheritance
Plains Miwok ci:sy- unknown
Salinan A iam, iem (A) unknown
Salinan M ia:m unknown Mason 1918:141
Seri (Comcaac) quiho unknown
Serrano hii, hihii inheritance
Southern Paiute pyn:i- inheritance
Southern Sierra Miwok hyj:- inheritance
Southern Ute pynikya, punikya inheritance
Tübatulabal taawykyyla-t unknown
Tümpisa Shoshone puni”, punikkan inheritance
Wappo na/wshi7 inheritance
Washo Ii/:gi unknown J286
Western Mono poni-, puni- inheritance
Wintu wine inheritance
Yavapai ?u/: inheritance
Yokuts Palewyami telew' unique JPH Gamble 91
Yokuts Yawdanchi 7Okha inheritance K07:250, G64
Yokuts Yowlumne e:k'a inheritance Golla 1964:64
Yuki na,w inheritance S&S 1984
Yuma ayu:/k “he sees” H1:28 inheritance
Baniwa -kápa -kápa inheritance See Language page
Carijona enerɨ inheritance See Language page
Cubeo jã́ñʉ xã́ɲɨ inheritance See Language page
Dâw wây’ wǝj' unique See Language page
Desano ĩãri ĩãri inheritance See Language page
Eñepa -iɲei- -iɲei- inheritance See Language page
Hodï wete'ta unique See Language page
Waorani a unique See Language page
Hup key- kej- inheritance See Language page
Kakua ʔên inheritance See Language page
Makushi eraʔma (IDS) eraʔma (IDS) inheritance See Language page
Nheengatu mã´ã mãʔã inheritance See Language page
Ninam taa, mɨ (EM72), nta (EM72) ta:, mɨ (EM72), nta (EM72) inheritance See Language page
Nukak ʔen4 inheritance See Language page
Maihiki ñiayi (1st person singular) ɲiayi inheritance See Language page
Sanumá mɨ, ta (both EM72) mɨ, ta (both EM72) inheritance See Language page
Sikuani táne inheritance See Language page
Tariana ká ká inheritance See Language page
Tukano ĩ'yâ ĩ'jâ inheritance E-W Tuk See Language page
Kotiria ~yʉ ~jʉ inheritance E-W Tuk See Language page
Yanomam mɨ, ta (both EM72) mɨ, ta (both EM72) inheritance See Language page
Yanomami mɨ-ɨ, ta (EM72) mɨ-ɨ, ta (EM72) inheritance See Language page
Yukuna amákaje amákahe inheritance See Language page
Yuhup key kej inheritance See Language page
Arabana kanpa- unique
Bardi -jala- -jala- inheritance
Bunuba mila- inheritance
Burarra garrgaja unknown
Dhangu nha:ma inheritance
Dhuwal nhäma
Dhuwala ḏirrgiyun unknown
Diyari nhayi- inheritance
DiyariREU najinta inheritance
Djambarrpuyngu nha:ma
Djapu nhäma unknown
Djinang milmangi unknown
Gajirrabeng derd unique NJ
Gooniyandi mila- inheritance
Gupapuyngu ḏirrgiyun unknown
Gurindji karrap nya- unique
Jabirr-Jabirr -jal- -jal- inheritance
Jaru nya- inheritance
Jawi nungalal, nunjal nungalal, nunyal inheritance
Karajarri nyanganya (2) inheritance
Kija tek unique
Malyangapa pome loan direction unknown
Mangala mil ka- semantic shift
Miriwung derd unique NJ
Mithaka kalindaRi unique
Mudburra nyang-ku
Mudburra nya- inheritance
Ngamini nir[r]kala inheritance
Ngandi rna- inheritance
Ngarluma nhagu
Ngumbarl minjalla, nganjalla, jalla <minjalla, nganjalla, jalla> inheritance
Nhirrpi wa inheritance
Nimanburru -jal- [mad-j.alen] -jal- [mad-j.alen] inheritance
Northern Mangarla milka
Northern Nyangumarta yirrini- (V2) unknown
Nyangumarta parrjala unknown
Nyikina -ba- [ma-ban / ma-bar%an] (tr) -ba- [ma-ban / ma-bar%an] (dr) inheritance
Nyulnyul -jal- [mad@ialan] XXgl see, be faithful -jal- [majalan] XXkl si, be fayidhful inheritance
Paakantyi pommi loan direction unknown
Pirriya [missing] missing
Pitta-Pitta nhatyi inheritance
Rirratjingu nha:ma
Ritharrngu nhaama inheritance
Walmajarri nya- inheritance
Wangkayutyuru thalha- unique
Warrwa -jarla- -jarla- inheritance
Wubuy na inheritance
Yan-nhangu nhäma inheritance
Yandruwandha wawa inheritance
Yarluyandi sthirkana unknown
Yawarrawarrka wauindri inheritance
Yawuru -bura- (-baa-) -bura- (-baa-) inheritance
Achagua kába kába inheritance See Language page
Piapoco icáca ikáka See Language page
Kabiyari ikhá ikhá See Language page
Yavitero nita nita See Language page
Bare yada jada See Language page
Wapishana tʰɨkʰapʰa-n tʰɨkʰapʰa-n inheritance Proto North Arawak See Language page
Wayuu er̃a See Language page
Yine heta See Language page
Paresi waiya waija unique See Language page
Ignaciano -'imaʔa See Language page
Trinitario imʔo See Language page
Baure hinok- hinok- unique See Language page
Waurá -nupa; k-užutai -nupa; k-užutai unique See Language page
Arutani kina (also used for to know) kina (also used for to know) See Language page
Sape mow (also used for to know) mow (also used for to know) See Language page
Cha'palaa 'kee-nu; 'kee-'ke-nu See Language page
Bora axthyḯmɨ, tḯxïḯ-kʰïnï, ïḯxe axthjɯ́mɨ, tɯ́xɯɯ́-kʰɯnɯ, ɯɯ́xɛ inheritance See Language page
Muinane áttyɨ́me-ʔi, méekkɨ-ʔi áttjɨ́mɛ-ʔi, mέɛkkɨ-ʔi See Language page
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect ene ene See Language page
Apalai aosenuhmatohme aosenuhmatohme unknown See Language page
Wayana ene ene inheritance See Language page
Tiriyó ene ene inheritance See Language page
Makiritare ene-dɨ (IDS); ene:dü (KH) (means 'to see, know) ene-dɨ (IDS); ene:dɨ (KH) inheritance See Language page
Mapoyo -yeni -jeni See Language page
Wai Wai enɨ-hra enɨ-hra inheritance See Language page
Yabarana rai'niri See Language page
Yukpa ésare, kóyene tense See Language page
Kalapalo ŋi- ŋi- inheritance See Language page
Muisca zemistysuca tʂemistɨsuka See Language page
Barí maadyi Colombia: maynə. *Chibchan forms are *sũ and *'guaki. Cf. also 'know' 17.170. See Language page
Northern Emberá unúi, akʉ́i unúi, akʉ́i See Language page
Epena unu- Also means 'find' 11.320. See Language page
Guayabero tén inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page
Macaguan ten inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page
Cuiva táne, nekóta ver, see Huber & Reed 1992:277
Cofán cañe, átteye athejɛ phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra pámaama pámaama unique See Language page
Taushiro o´ts oʔts See Language page
Páez teng teng See Language page
Tikuna -dau -dau unique See Language page
Urarina kwar kwaɽ unique See Language page
Camsa xinjána xinjána See Language page
Andoke pó'kə̃́ póʔkə̃́ unique See Language page
Pumé da See Language page
Puinave #NAME? #NAME? unique See Language page
Máku ku ku See Language page
Warao mi mi See Language page
Ashuar jíistin, wáinkatin xi:stin, wainkatin See Language page
Huambisa iistasa i:stasa See Language page
Aguaruna diít di:t unknown See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect ha-pəh unique See Language page
Matses is is inheritance See Language page
Kakataibo is-ti *Panoan *is-; *ʔoĩ. See Language page
Katukina oĩ- See Language page
Pacahuara his'pa, 'hisna Command forms. See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo oĩ-ti; histi See Language page
Yaminahua õi-kĩ See Language page
Chácobo his- his- inheritance See Language page
Yagua jnuy xnũj unique See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua ricuna ɾikuna See Language page
Ingá kawai kawai See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua ricuna ɾikuna See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano qaway, rikuy qawaj, ɾikuj See Language page
Piaroa tópu tɤpu unknown See Language page
Sáliva ĩtajaha ĩtahaʔa unknown See Language page
Bará ĩ'ã́ See Language page
Barasano ~ia-re ~ia-re See Language page
Carapana ĩñarĩqũẽ ĩɲaɾĩkɛ̃ See Language page
Makuna ti-re ti-re unique See Language page
Yuruti ĩ́jãã ĩ́jãã See Language page
Waikhana ĩʔjã ĩʔjã See Language page
Siriano ĩĩã ĩĩã See Language page
Tanimuca ĩã- ĩã- inheritance See Language page
Tatuyo tɨ'hɨ- tɨ'hɨ- See Language page
Tuyuka ĩ'yã ĩʔjã See Language page
Waimaja ĩ́ã́ ĩ́ã́ See Language page
Koreguaje ñamʉ ɲamʉ inheritance See Language page
Siona ʔɨ̃yã-hi ʔɨ̃jã-hi inheritance See Language page
Secoya ñajë'ë ñãhɨ̃ʔɨ See Language page
Kokama umi umi unique See Language page
Wayampi #NAME? #NAME? inheritance See Language page
Aché mečã unknown See Language page
Chiriguano eča; esa inheritance See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní h-eča See Language page
Sirionó mae (erese); tea mae (erese); tea inheritance See Language page
Kamayurá etsak etsak inheritance See Language page
Ocaina xaa xaa inheritance See Language page
Nɨpode Witoto erói-de, kï.ó-de ɛrói-dɛ, kɯ.ó-dɛ See Language page
Minica Witoto erói-de, kï.ó-de ɛrói-dɛ, kɯ.ó-dɛ See Language page
Murui Witoto kï.o-de kɯ.o-dɛ inheritance See Language page
Iquito niquiini nikiini inheritance See Language page
Záparo nukinyu nukinju See Language page
Wari kerek kerek See Language page
Araona ba *Tacn form is *ba-. See Language page
Ese Ejja ɓa-nahe inheritance See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo ba-kwe ba-kwe See Language page
Tacana ba- Also means 'observe, feel, consider, understand, perceive'. See Language page
Cavineña ba-ya ba-ya inheritance See Language page
Central Aymara uñjaña uɲxa-ɲa See Language page
Cayuvava ruune; un-; uun- See Language page
Itonama sewane 'Vision' is uhkačasno. See Language page
Kwazá ãwỹi-, ãwỹirjỹ- ãwỹi-, ãwỹirjỹ- See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané ka'be See Language page
Movima ɗe-wah-na ɗe-wah-na See Language page
Trumai (ha) xuʔtsa (ha) xuʔtsa unique See Language page
Kaingang ve, vigve we; wiŋwe See Language page
Canela yə̃ (yɨ̃ ?) *Jê form is *ɲɨ̃; *ɲɨ̃r. Maxacalí form is -ɲɨ̃m. See Language page
Karajá ičere; obi See Language page
Djeoromitxi änõ ǝnõ See Language page
Chipaya čerš See Language page
Mocoví n-awan-či-giɲi See Language page
Pilagá n-a'waa-či-iɲi See Language page
Toba n-awaa-či-giɲi; de-mehn-aʁan See Language page
Lengua #NAME? See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité akwitayi See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet neŋwetayˀ; neŋwetayʔo See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay wen See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja -wen ~ -win Also means 'meet' 19.650. See Language page
Maca #NAME? See Language page
Nivaclé -ʔwan see https://ids.clld.org/
Ayoreo i'moʔ See Language page
Mapudungun pe Same form in Ranquel. See Language page
Qawasqar ye-ḳsor Sk, Bo record le-ksor for Central QWS. See Language page
Selknam ahyḳe See Language page
Tehuelche e'kˀē-; 'e- See Language page
Kanamarí hik hik ver; achar Magalhães 2018:365
Lokono dykhyn dɨkʰɨn see Pet 1987:370
Kariña ene ene see Yamada 2010:730