Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

bone

Semantic Field
body
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
hueso
Meaning Portuguese
osso

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Bankalachi Toloim awn 175 inheritance
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone cuhni, cuhwi-ppyh inheritance
Cahuilla te'i-ly (? = 'belly, stomach') loan S&H 1979
Central Sierra Miwok ky/ch:ychy- inheritance
Chemehuevi oho/v(y); hoho/vY inheritance JPH
Chumash Barbareno sHe inheritance Klar 1977:71
Chumash Cruzeno kukuje unknown JPH
Chumash Ineseno se inheritance Klar 1977:71
Chumash Obispeno she inheritance Klar 1977:71
Chumash Ventureno se inheritance Klar 1977:71
Cocopa nyya:k, ya:k inheritance
Comanche tsuhni7 inheritance
Cupeño -ti'i [tiɁi] loan
Esselen -i/ya unknown Henshaw in Shaul 1995:202
Gabrielino -7e:7en inheritance
Iipay 'Aa aq [aq] inheritance
Kawaiisu 7oho-vy inheritance
Kiliwa haq(l) inheritance
Kitanemuk 7oc inheritance
Lake Miwok ku/lum unknown
Luiseño kula:wu-t inheritance
Maidu by\mi/ inheritance
Mojave nyasak inheritance
Mutsun TatYtYi Y is sup-srpt y unknown O77:82
Nisenan bym inheritance
Northern Paiute oho inheritance Stubbs 08
Northern Sierra Miwok kyc:yc-y- inheritance
Plains Miwok k2c2c, and variants inheritance
Salinan A axa:/kh (A), unknown
Salinan M paxa/k unknown Mason 1918:127
Seri (Comcaac) itac unknown
Serrano O:-T inheritance
Southern Paiute oo-S inheritance
Southern Sierra Miwok kyc:yc- inheritance
Southern Ute o”o”/vY, o”o”vI inheritance
Tübatulabal oo-n inheritance
Tümpisa Shoshone tsuhmippyh, tsunippyh inheritance
Wappo c'i/ti inheritance
Washo i:bi7 287; unknown J287
Western Mono o/ho inheritance
Wintu paq inheritance
Yavapai chya/:ka inheritance
Yokuts Palewyami che/-yA /chiya7/ ch'iy A is a breve inheritance W&G
Yokuts Yawdanchi ch'i:y I w/ umlaut inheritance K07, G64
Yokuts Yowlumne c'iy inheritance Golla 1964:60
Yuki k'i:t inheritance S&S1984
Baniwa -áapi, (i)ñaapi -áapi, (i)ɲaapi inheritance See Language page
Carijona dʒerɨ unknown See Language page
Cubeo cũaðo kũaðo inheritance See Language page
Dâw keèg kæ̂g inheritance See Language page
Desano goṍã goṍã inheritance See Language page
Eñepa #NAME? jəhpə inheritance See Language page
Hodï wawa unique See Language page
Waorani bami unique See Language page
Hup g'æ̌g g'æ̌g inheritance See Language page
Kakua id/ idǐp unique compare Puinave -ut See Language page
Makushi yeepɨ’ yeepɨ’ inheritance See Language page
Nheengatu kãwera kãweɾa inheritance See Language page
Ninam pili thũ, ɨ̃ (EM72) pili tʰũ, ɨ̃ inheritance See Language page
Nukak mikIwɛ̃p4att unique See Language page
Maihiki tadabɨ ja tadabɨ xã inheritance See Language page
Pemon yeei piikpö (E1980); ite'pö (M2000) dʒepue; ɛʔpö (E1980) inheritance See Language page
Resígaro aápí aápí inheritance See Language page
Sanumá tũ (EM72) tũ inheritance See Language page
Sikuani pe-sí:-to unknown See Language page
Tariana di-yápi di-jápi inheritance See Language page
Tukano õ'á õ'á inheritance E-W Tuk See Language page
Kotiria ~kho'a ~kʰoʔa inheritance E-W Tuk See Language page
Yanomam ũ ũ inheritance See Language page
Yanomami pei ũ, ũ (EM72) pei ũ, ũ inheritance See Language page
Yukuna aphinámiji (de algo muerto) apʰinámihi (de algo muerto) inheritance See Language page
Yuhup kǝʔ kǝʔ inheritance See Language page
Arabana walpu loan Thura-Yura
Bardi gaanyji kaanyji inheritance
Bunuba guju doubtful loan
Burarra -mama unknown
Dhangu 4964 inheritance
Dhuwal 4964
Dhuwala murrutjuwal inheritance
Diyari muku inheritance
DiyariREU walpu loan Arabana
Djambarrpuyngu murrutjuwal unknown
Djapu [missing] missing
Djinang ngirki inheritance
Gajirrabeng yarriny inheritance
Gooniyandi gooji doubtful loan
Gupapuyngu 4964 inheritance
Gurindji kuyuwarn inheritance
Jaru guji 'bone, wrist' inheritance
Jawi gaanyji [kanjie] kaanyyi [kaanyji] inheritance
Karajarri jiyi unknown
Kija kuji- loan NGY
Malyangapa pirna semantic shift
Mangala kuji inheritance
Miriwung yarriny inheritance
Mithaka kambu inheritance
Mudburra kardakarda loan
Mudburra kardakarda loan
Ngamini waRapu loan Arabana?
Ngandi gu-ngaraka loan
Ngarluma guji loan
Ngumbarl kanjee kanyji inheritance
Nhirrpi muku inheritance
Nimanburru ga:ndj kaanj inheritance
Northern Mangarla kuji loan
Northern Nyangumarta kamari inheritance
Nyangumarta kunyja inheritance
Nyikina gamarri, ganyji, gamari kamarri, kanyji, kamari inheritance
Nyulnyul kinyji XXngl vowel harmony fine, but why not kinyj? kinyji XXngl vowel harmony fine, bud why nod kinyj? inheritance
Paakantyi bina semantic shift
Pirriya “chiora”
Pitta-Pitta bena inheritance
Rirratjingu ŋaraka inheritance
Ritharrngu 4964 inheritance
Walmajarri kuji inheritance
Wangkayutyuru pirna inheritance
Warrwa ganyji kanyji inheritance
Wubuy ngagara inheritance
Yan-nhangu maḏirriny unknown
Yandruwandha muku inheritance
Yarluyandi muku inheritance
Yawarrawarrka muku inheritance
Yawuru ganji kanji inheritance
Achagua ijáhi ijáhi inheritance See Language page
Piapoco api api See Language page
Kabiyari japi japi See Language page
Yavitero ihi-u ihi-u See Language page
Bare ebi ebi See Language page
Wapishana niwaʔɨ niwaʔɨ unique See Language page
Mandawaka jahi jahi See Language page
Wayuu hi-ipɨ (~ hɨ-ipɨ) te-ipɨ-se means 'my bone'. See Language page
Yine ha-pɨ *Piro-Apuriná form is *'ha-pɨ. See Language page
Paresi ahiti ahiti inheritance See Language page
Ignaciano yape; hiape See Language page
Trinitario 'ʔʸopeɣe 'Skeleton' is -'opera. See Language page
Baure 'opi opi inheritance See Language page
Waurá -napɨ -napɨ inheritance See Language page
Arutani mo mo See Language page
Sape wina (also used for horn) wina (also used for horn) See Language page
Cha'palaa 'taku See Language page
Bora páxkʰïḯ páxkʰɯɯ́ inheritance See Language page
Muinane bákkɨ bákkɨ See Language page
Akawaio öpɨ öpɨ inheritance Proto-Carib See Language page
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect ɤʔpɯ ɤʔpɯ See Language page
Apalai zehpo zehpo inheritance See Language page
Wayana jetpï jetpɨ inheritance See Language page
Tiriyó jetïpë jetɨpǝ inheritance See Language page
Makiritare yēʔhə (IDS); ye:'hö (KH) je:ʔhə inheritance See Language page
Mapoyo yëbë (yë'më) (skeleton) jɛbɛ (jɛ'mɛ) (skeleton) See Language page
Wai Wai o-yočho-∅ o-yočho-∅ unknown See Language page
Yabarana iəspə See Language page
Yukpa ejbu dʒadʒiwu See Language page
Kalapalo itsugu itsugu unique See Language page
Muisca quyne kuɨne See Language page
Barí ahkara Colombia: kararə. *Chibchan form is *'kara. See Language page
Northern Emberá bɨbɨrɨ̃́ bɨbɨrɨ̃́ See Language page
Epena 'bɨɨrɨ Also means 'leg' 04.350. 'Joint' is kʰokʰo'rãa. See Language page
Guayabero tit inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page
Macaguan -chit -tʃit inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page
Cuiva píwa hueso, bone Huber & Reed 1992:32
Playero pe-píhi-bo See Language page
Cofán tsu´tta tsɯʔtʰa phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra napich napitʃ unique See Language page
Taushiro {-hu} hu See Language page
Páez dyi´tj See Language page
Tikuna na2xchi1na5xa3 (A58) naʔtʃinaʔa unique See Language page
Urarina bʉkʉ bʉkʉ unique See Language page
Camsa betá-ɕe, betá-bxa betá-ɕe, betá-bxa See Language page
Andoke #NAME? #NAME? unique See Language page
Pumé jú See Language page
Puinave #NAME? #NAME? unique See Language page
Máku a:mu a:mu See Language page
Warao muhukarare (group of bones) muhukaɾaɾe (gɾoup of bones) See Language page
Ashuar ukúnch, kunch ukunʧ, kunʧ See Language page
Huambisa ukunch ukuntʃ See Language page
Aguaruna ukúnchi ukúntʃi inheritance See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect kɨ̰ːʔ inheritance See Language page
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect kǝ̰ːh See Language page
Matses canite kanite unique See Language page
Kakataibo ṣ̌oo *Panoan *ṣ̌ao. See Language page
Katukina šao See Language page
Pacahuara 'ṣ̌ao d'Orb čao. See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo ṣ̌ao See Language page
Yaminahua ṣ̌ao See Language page
Chácobo ṣ̌ao ṣ̌ao inheritance See Language page
Yagua {-du} ndu unique See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua tullu tuʎu See Language page
Ingá tullu tuʎu See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua tullu tuʎu See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano tullu tuʎu See Language page
Piaroa chiwe'ka tʃwekʔa unique See Language page
Sáliva pãĩjãje pãĩhãhe unique See Language page
Bará õ'ã See Language page
Barasano ~goa-ro ~goa-ro See Language page
Carapana õwãrõ ɔ̃wãɾɔ̃ See Language page
Makuna ~goa ~goa inheritance See Language page
Yuruti kṍa kṍa See Language page
Waikhana kõ'ʔã kõ'ʔã See Language page
Siriano gõõã́ gõõã́ See Language page
Tanimuca ũʔ'ã ũʔ'ã inheritance See Language page
Tatuyo õ'wã-'rõ õ'wã-'rõ See Language page
Tuyuka kõ'ã kõʔã See Language page
Waimaja õã́ňõ̀ õã́rõ̀ See Language page
Koreguaje tarapʉ tharapʉ inheritance See Language page
Siona kˀoʔã; kˀuʔã kˀoʔã; kˀuʔã inheritance See Language page
Secoya tarapë tařa'pɨ See Language page
Karitiana ´ep ʔep unknown compare Arawak See Language page
Kokama kanuara kanuaɾa inheritance See Language page
Wayampi kãŋɛ kãŋɛ inheritance See Language page
Aché ikã inheritance See Language page
Chiriguano kã(g)ʷe inheritance See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní kãᵑɣʷe See Language page
Sirionó ekʸaŋe ekʸaŋe inheritance See Language page
Kamayurá kɑŋ kɑŋ inheritance See Language page
Ocaina ñonhóónhcovo ɲõʔṍṍʔkoβo inheritance See Language page
Nɨpode Witoto íkuru íkuru See Language page
Minica Witoto íkuru íkuru See Language page
Murui Witoto iǰaikï idʒaikɯ unknown See Language page
Iquito níiqui níiki inheritance See Language page
Záparo uku uku See Language page
Wari arašiʔ (at) araʃiʔ (at) See Language page
Araona e-c̷oa *Tacn form is *c̷a-. See Language page
Ese Ejja e'saʔ inheritance See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo e-'sa e-'sa See Language page
Tacana e-c̷ao See Language page
Cavineña e-c̷a(ʔ)o e-ča(ʔ)o inheritance See Language page
Central Aymara ch´akha čˀakʰa See Language page
Cayuvava rakie 'Skeleton' is rãkiæ. See Language page
Itonama čɨdɨkɨ 'Fishbone' is oʔ-kˀi. See Language page
Kwazá tsu, -xu tsu, -xu See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané hin See Language page
Movima nunʔi nunʔi See Language page
Trumai daš daš unique See Language page
Kaingang kuka kuka See Language page
Canela aʔ-kʰra-rɛ *Jê form is *kra. See Language page
Suyá sɨ sɨ See Language page
Karajá ti See Language page
Djeoromitxi dji dʒi See Language page
Chipaya c̷ʰix Uru-J form is c̷ʰix. See Language page
Mocoví l-piʔnek See Language page
Pilagá li-pʔinek See Language page
Toba l-piʔinek See Language page
Lengua #NAME? This is the generic term; it is commonly used with other morphemes for other body parts, e.g. 'spine' 04.191; 'skull' 04.202; 'jaw' 04.207. See also 04.142, for a similar use of 'hair'. See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité aɬkapok; apiɬkapok See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet eŋeɬkapok See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay -ɬi'le A dry bone, separated from the flesh is neʔ. -ɬi'le, refers to long bones, and also means branches of a tree. In contrast, -hʷu identifies short bones, e.g. 'shoulderblade' 04.301. The homology between the plant and animal kingdom is extensive. See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja -weʔlak ~ -wilak (m.) See Language page
Maca -inu ~ -enu (m.) See Language page
Nivaclé -nuʔ bone https://ids.clld.org/
Ayoreo an̥okeei See Language page
Mapudungun foro Also means' tooth'. Ranquel form is voro. See Language page
Qawasqar ḳʰar Sk, Bo record the same for Central QWS. Hy records the same for South QWS; Fi, Hy record oskya for South QWS. See Language page
Selknam ḳˀoʔ See Language page
Tehuelche 'kˀoʔ See Language page
Lokono bona bone Fanshawe 1949:60
Kariña jepo jepo bone Yamada 2010:744