Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

cloud

Semantic Field
environment
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
nube
Meaning Portuguese
nuvem

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Bankalachi Toloim ke-lā' “cloudy” 209 loan
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone pakyna-ppyh “cloud, fog” inheritance
Cahuilla wewni-sh (clouds) inheritance S&H 1979
Central Sierra Miwok 7o:pa- inheritance
Chemehuevi pagy/nav(y) inheritance
Chumash Barbareno ikc'i7 “be cloudy”, sikch'i7 “cloud” Ono 96:124 inheritance Mithun 1997:224
Chumash Cruzeno 7Iq'ts'i inheritance JPH
Chumash Obispeno kustiq7emena7na “the sky is overcast” inheritance JPH
Chumash Ventureno ts'ymy unknown JPH
Cocopa kwi: inheritance
Comanche tomo-, tomoba7atY, tomoobI semantic shift
Cupeño tempe-yax [təmpə-yax] inheritance
Esselen mech loan Pinart (Heizer)
Gabrielino 7akwa:kin “nube, said when is to rain” unknown
Iipay 'Aa 'ekwiiy [Ɂəˈkʷiˑi] inheritance
Kawaiisu kyna-vi inheritance
Kiliwa 7-kWiy, 7-kWiy-u inheritance
Kitanemuk wongat inheritance
Lake Miwok mo/lpa inheritance
Luiseño tuvi/icha inheritance Elliott
Maidu ja/ inheritance
Mojave 7iikwe inheritance
Mutsun mechke “it's clouding up” unknown O77:56
Nisenan ja: inheritance (Ultan 1964)
Northern Paiute kumiba inheritance Thornes 03:106
Northern Sierra Miwok 7o:pa- inheritance
Plains Miwok mo:li- (under mal:i- inheritance
Salinan A pa:/i:7 (A), unknown
Salinan M pa:/y' unknown Mason 1918:132
Seri (Comcaac) hoocax “large thunder clouds” unknown
Serrano taY:7-T (also “thunder”) inheritance
Southern Paiute pagin:a-S inheritance
Southern Sierra Miwok 7o:pa- inheritance
Southern Ute uwatipY inheritance
Tübatulabal paashuumisht unique
Tümpisa Shoshone pakyynappyh inheritance
Wappo c'u/m unknown
Washo dawma/hym unknown J111
Western Mono too/pE unknown
Wintu q'ah, q'a:h inheritance
Yavapai (?)kWi/ inheritance
Yokuts Palewyami k'eli inheritance K1963
Yokuts Yawdanchi k'Udai inheritance K07:243
Yokuts Yowlumne k'ile/\; inheritance K 1963
Yuki 7ip inheritance S&S1984
Yuma 7akwe/ H1:30 inheritance
Carijona kahu weti {sky excrement) (M2000) unique See Language page
Cubeo o'kó-pedĩ-bo-a (H&R) oʔkó-pedĩ-bo-a (H&R) inheritance See Language page
Dâw bug uù bug ʔû unique See Language page
Desano ĩbĩkã ku'rúri (H&R) ĩbĩkã kuʔrúri (H&R) unknown See Language page
Hodï bĩʰtu ('fog, cloud, smoke') doubtful loan, direction unknown Macaguan mɨ̃tẽ́ See Language page
Waorani bogĩbã (cloud, fog) unique See Language page
Hup j'ɨk kudú ɟ’ɨk kudú loan loanblend in subgroup; kudu from Tukanoan See Language page
Kakua bab-at toliʔ-dãʔ [H&R] unique See Language page
Ninam thəm wãri tʰəm wãri unique See Language page
Nukak hei2 unique See Language page
Maihiki bico ja biko xa unknown See Language page
Sanumá ilaši tǝ ilaʃi tə inheritance See Language page
Sikuani ɨta-rɨ́-rɨ-bo unique See Language page
Tukano õʔbẽ-kurá-ri õʔbẽ-kurá-ri unknown See Language page
Kotiria bu'i-ri buʔi-ri inheritance See Language page
Yanomam kroke kroke unique See Language page
Yanomami ɨhrashi ɨhraʃi inheritance See Language page
Yukuna [juni] juwáka'ala [huni] huwákaʔala inheritance See Language page
Yuhup c'ɨ́k kudú c'ɨ́k kudú loan Tukanoan See Language page
Arabana kurarapalku unique
Bardi ardan ardan inheritance
Bunuba ngumurru inheritance
Burarra nguparr unknown
Dhangu maŋan unknown
Dhuwal maŋan
Dhuwala wutjun unknown
Diyari parlku unique
DiyariREU kurauarapalku loan Arabana
Djambarrpuyngu 1798 unknown
Djapu maŋan unknown
Djinang ngawaḻngawaḻ unknown
Gajirrabeng ngoomelng inheritance
Gooniyandi ngoomoorroo doubtful loan
Gupapuyngu wutjun unknown
Gurindji maarn loan Jaminjung
Jaru maarn loan
Jawi arol arol unique
Karajarri ringu doubtful loan
Kija ngumul inheritance
Malyangapa Mal: thalaRa loan
Mangala pukarr unknown
Miriwung ngoomelng inheritance
Mithaka turnrditirri inheritance
Mudburra mardayi
Mudburra mardayi loan
Ngamini kurrara doubtful loan
Ngandi gurnung inheritance
Ngarluma garndara
Ngumbarl ngoombal <ngoombal> unknown
Nhirrpi ngandyarri unique
Northern Mangarla mujungku
Northern Nyangumarta mujungu inheritance
Nyangumarta 5200 inheritance
Nyikina jirrbal jirrbal inheritance
Nyulnyul waden waden inheritance
Paakantyi ḏūru
Pirriya joŋala unique
Pitta-Pitta parnrtara unique
Rirratjingu maŋan
Ritharrngu gurnung loan
Walmajarri ngumurru loan
Wangkayutyuru parntara unique
Wubuy nguburnung inheritance
Yan-nhangu 2969 unknown
Yandruwandha kudawarrala, ngandjarri nganya, pariwilpa unique
Yarluyandi pundithirri inheritance
Yawarrawarrka ngamiarapannja unique
Yawuru jirrbal jirrbal inheritance
Achagua sáanai sáanai unique See Language page
Piapoco acalèe akalèe See Language page
Kabiyari t̪aamana, aakhe t̪aamana, aakhe See Language page
Yavitero ľ̥i'aľi-ľi enu 'smoke of sky' ľ̥i'aľi-ľi enu 'smoke of sky' See Language page
Wapishana [-]waranɨ ii [-]waranɨ ii unknown See Language page
Wayuu sir̃uma See Language page
Yine kyačhapererɨmko See Language page
Paresi hoka hoka unknown See Language page
Ignaciano 'ukahi See Language page
Trinitario 'ukohi 'Cloudy' is 'ukohimo; -mopkumo; -mopkurumo; -mopkuurumo. See Language page
Baure roeamokonoe' roeamokonoe' unknown See Language page
Waurá iye-pe ije-pe unknown See Language page
Arutani karapaso See Language page
Sape usǝyna See Language page
Cha'palaa 'ɲi-'wihča Also means 'smoke' 01.830. See Language page
Bora ojtso (T98) oxtso unique See Language page
Muinane áimúufai (W97) (=smoke) áimúuɸai (W97) (=smoke) See Language page
Akawaio kabuuruuk kaburuk inheritance See Language page
Apalai akuru akuru inheritance but compare Arawak, e.g. Piapoco akalèe See Language page
Wayana eklotï eklotɨ inheritance See Language page
Tiriyó ikapurutu ikapurutu inheritance See Language page
Makiritare kāʔdutu (IDS) kāʔdutu (IDS) inheritance See Language page
Kalapalo kamundu kamundu inheritance See Language page
Muisca faoa βaoa See Language page
Barí nindihkɨ Colombia: ba'dunə, refers to 'clouds at rest'. *Chibchan form is *'bõ; *bo-. See Language page
Northern Emberá hɨ̃rã'rã (IDS) hɨ̃rã'rã (IDS) See Language page
Epena hɨ̃a'rara Plural form. All segments are realized as their nasalized counterparts. See Language page
Guayabero ötlehe-nu unique See Language page
Macaguan mɨ̃tẽ́ doubtful loan, direction unknown Hodɨ bĩʰtu See Language page
Cofán unji´mba ɯnhimba phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra msaasi msaasi unique See Language page
Páez tãapj tãapx See Language page
Tikuna cai3-5xa5ne5xü8 (A58) kaiʔaneʔɨ unique See Language page
Urarina dedesekaḍzi dedesekatʃi unique See Language page
Camsa xantɕetí-ʃe ('clouds at rest') xantɕetí-ʃe See Language page
Andoke boatsiakǝ(ũw) (RW52) unique See Language page
Pumé gõãrã See Language page
Puinave yõpawan yõpawan unique See Language page
Máku sapǝnawi See Language page
Ashuar mukúnit mukunit See Language page
Huambisa yuragkim juraŋgkim See Language page
Aguaruna yujagkím juxangkim inheritance See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect wǝ puh unique See Language page
Matses abu abu doubtful loan Tacanan *bo See Language page
Kakataibo nɨtɨ 'kʷĩ ṣ̌u'pi-ti 'to cloud up, to dim, darken, to draw toward evening'. βɨna-ti, βɨpa-ti (dial.) 'to become cloudy'. See Language page
Katukina nai koʔĩ Lit. 'sky smoke' 01.510; 01.830. See Language page
Pacahuara 'c̷ɨmo See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo koĩ; čoma Also means 'smoke'. Latter form is plural. See Language page
Yaminahua kõi Also means 'smoke' 01.830. See Language page
Chácobo c̷ɨmo c̷ɨmo inheritance See Language page
Yagua nuvachiy (Spanish loan?), rapuryeje nuwatʃij, rapurjexe loan Spanish See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua puyu puju See Language page
Ingá puiu puiu See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua puyu puju See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano puyu puju See Language page
Piaroa ahiya i'co'phah (K76) ahija iʔtsoʔphah unique See Language page
Sáliva tetahe tetaʔe unique See Language page
Barasano búé-rí, okó gaseri ('clouds, smoke') búé-rí, okó gaseri ('clouds, smoke') See Language page
Carapana óko buserí óko buserí See Language page
Makuna ide bue-ri ide bue-ri inheritance See Language page
Yuruti ɨ'bẽbɨrɨa-ri ɨ'bẽbɨrɨa-ri See Language page
Waikhana bu'e-ri bu'e-ri See Language page
Siriano bĩʔkã jeʔbo-ri bĩʔkã jeʔbo-ri See Language page
Tanimuca oko u'bãkaka oko u'bãkaka inheritance See Language page
Tatuyo oko bu'hé-ri oko bu'hé-ri See Language page
Tuyuka õ'bẽ́ õʔbẽ́ See Language page
Waimaja bu'eri, ó'kó bɨ'rɨri níi buʔeri, óʔkó bɨʔrɨri níi See Language page
Koreguaje okomala, pikho okomala, pikho unknown See Language page
Secoya si'di si'di See Language page
Karitiana esyra, pãmpipok esɨɾa, pãmpipok unknown See Language page
Kokama uni-ta-watsu uni-ta-watsu unique See Language page
Wayampi ɨwakũ ɨwakũ inheritance See Language page
Aché bakɨ rei unique See Language page
Chiriguano ãma; ãma pɨ̃tu unique See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní arai See Language page
Sirionó ibeišĩ (ibei means sky, ešĩ means white)) ibeišĩ unique See Language page
Kamayurá ɨwɨtsiɑ ɨwɨtsiɑ inheritance See Language page
Ocaina jahfíího haʔɸííʔo unique See Language page
Murui Witoto naɨ̀rie naɯ̀riɛ (B83) unique See Language page
Wari tayain nanawin tajain nanawin Lit. 'smoke (01.830) of the sky' 01.510. See Language page
Araona boso; mozizi-bade *Tacn form is *bo. See Language page
Ese Ejja ɓo; -haʔa inheritance See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo bo bo See Language page
Tacana hodo; boðo The former also means 'smoke' 01.830. 'To be cloudy' is soro-a-. See Language page
Cavineña wani (Also means "smoke") wani unknown See Language page
Central Aymara urpu ḳinaya See Language page
Cayuvava bɔkɔ 'Clouds in tumult, whirling, twisting' is kɨrɨmɨ. 'Storm cloud' is račo'čoboe. 'To become cloudy' ritidaɨ. See Language page
Itonama o-nela 'To be cloudy' is kamaniʔtʸa uwayo. See Language page
Kwazá awenũ, hanãwã, hanãwãnũ awenũ, hanãwã, hanãwãnũ See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané erubu'ye See Language page
Movima ɓe-yas ɓe-jas See Language page
Trumai naneʔde naneʔde unique See Language page
Kaingang kanhkã gòg ŋɔŋ; kaɲkã ŋɔŋ; ŋɔŋŋɔŋ; ŋuŋŋɔŋ See Language page
Djeoromitxi benõhi benõhi See Language page
Chipaya c̷xiri A large cloud is aḳʰikila. 'Cloudy' is kopxa; koxpkiš. See Language page
Mocoví n-awege-lek Lit. 'prefix-drag-upon'. See Language page
Pilagá 'l-oʔok Cf. 'skin' 04.120, with meaning of 'covering'. See Language page
Toba l-ʔok See Language page
Lengua yiphopaiya See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité yiphopaia nitiŋ See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet yephopayˀ See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay pe'leʔ Same as 'sky' 01.510. See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja poleʔ (m.) Also means 'sky' 01.510. See Language page
Maca wasiʔ (f.) Cf. 'sky' 01.510. See Language page
Nivaclé wɔseʔ; wɔsei cloud Respectively: sing.; plural. Arribeños dialect has wase. Cf. 'sky' 01.510. https://ids.clld.org/
Ayoreo geei Also means 'rain' 01.750. See Language page
Mapudungun ṭ͡ʀomɨ Ranquel forms are ṭ͡ʀomɨ; ṭ͡ʀav-ṭ͡ʀomɨ. See Language page
Qawasqar arḳa-yeta Cf. 'up' 12.080 and 'weave' 06.330. Bo, Li record the same for Central QWS. Gui records ayel, (cf. 'fog' 01.740). Hy records yel for South QWS. See Language page
Selknam šoʔn ša Up in the sky; cf. 01.510. See Language page
Tehuelche 'paʔwn See Language page
Lokono olhalho oɽaɽo cloud Pet 1987:354
Kariña kapùrutu kapuhrutu cloud Courtz 2007:291