Language | Orthographic Form | Phonemicized Form | Gloss as in Source | Etymology Code | Proto-Form | Proto-Language | Loan Source | Wanderwort Status | Etyma Set | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Source |
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Language | Orthographic Form | Phonemicized Form | Gloss as in Source | Etymology Code | Proto-Form | Proto-Language | Loan Source | Wanderwort Status | Etyma Set | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Source |
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Achagua | káideri | káideri | unknown; inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Aché | ǰuǰa | unique | See Language page | |||||||||
Aguaruna | dushíkagtut | duʃikangtut | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
Akawaio | dakköröngnödok | daʔkö'roŋnödɔk | unknown | See Language page | ||||||||
Andoke | hẽhẽ | hẽhẽ | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
Apalai | eunohnõko | eunohnõko | unknown | See Language page | ||||||||
Arabana | wijanta | inheritance | ||||||||||
Araona | izibati | See Language page | ||||||||||
Ashuar | wishírtin | wiʃirtin | See Language page | |||||||||
Ayoreo | da'goi | See Language page | ||||||||||
Baniwa | íkaa | íkaa | unknown; inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Bardi | -gama- (A/P) | -kama- (A/b) | inheritance | |||||||||
Baure | 'ko-ka- | 'ko-ka- | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone | jahnai” | inheritance | ||||||||||
Bora | goóco (T98) | koókʰo | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
Bunuba | gargarla- | inheritance | ||||||||||
Burarra | gu-wakal bu | doubtful loan | Yolngu | |||||||||
Cahuilla | -sem- | inheritance | S&H 1979 | |||||||||
Candoshi-Shapra | stámaama | stámaama | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
Canela | tĩ | See Language page | ||||||||||
Carapana | boyetirique | bojetiɾike | See Language page | |||||||||
Carijona | ehohimane | unknown | See Language page | |||||||||
Cavineña | c̷a-ya; šokoi-šokoi-ya (The former also means "smile") | ča-ya; šokoi-šokoi-ya | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Cayuvava | heče; karaho | See Language page | ||||||||||
Central Aymara | laruña | laru-ɲa | See Language page | |||||||||
Central Sierra Miwok | hyja:/k- | inheritance | ||||||||||
Cha'palaa | 'uu-'ka-nu | To mock, laugh at someone's expense is 'uu-ka-'pu-nu. | See Language page | |||||||||
Chemehuevi | kija/ni7i | inheritance | ||||||||||
Chipaya | tx̣as; x̣ar-x̣ar-š | See Language page | ||||||||||
Chiriguano | puka | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja | -skiʔ ~ -tiskiʔ | See Language page | ||||||||||
Chumash Barbareno | qon (Wash has qon': p. 316) | unknown | Mithun 1997:239 | |||||||||
Chumash Obispeno | ts'e | unknown | JPH | |||||||||
Chumash Ventureno | kHqo7o “I laughed | unknown | JPH | |||||||||
Chácobo | osa-; c̷iri- | osa-; c̷iri- | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Cocopa | 7u:Sa/y | inheritance | ||||||||||
Cofán | féñañe | fɛɲaɲɛ | phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS | See Language page | ||||||||
Comanche | na7jYnety; | inheritance | ||||||||||
Cubeo | reírse: jacoðoboyʉ; jajeðo; yʉriyʉ | xakoðobojɨ; xaxeðo; jɨɾijɨ | unknown | See Language page | ||||||||
Cupeño | $hem-0 | [şəm] | inheritance | |||||||||
Desano | ĩhãye-ri | ĩʔãje-ɾi | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Dhangu | gitkit | inheritance | ||||||||||
Dhuwal | [missing] | missing | ||||||||||
Dhuwala | ŋamarama | unknown | ||||||||||
Diyari | kingka | inheritance | ||||||||||
DiyariREU | kinkata | inheritance | ||||||||||
Djambarrpuyngu | gitkit | |||||||||||
Djapu | gitkit | |||||||||||
Djeoromitxi | dje | dʒe | See Language page | |||||||||
Djinang | kitkittji-gi | inheritance | ||||||||||
Dâw | ôò | ʔô | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
Epena | ëi- | Also means 'smile' 16.251. | See Language page | |||||||||
Ese Ejja | soa- | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
Ese Ejja/Huarayo | sa-kwe | sa-kwe | See Language page | |||||||||
Esselen | ake- | unknown | Henshaw in Shaul 1995:224 | |||||||||
Eñepa | -os-onoʔ(-pɨ)(-pi) (IDS) | -os-onoʔ(-pɨ)(-pi) (IDS) | unknown | See Language page | ||||||||
Gabrielino | 7eye:yen | inheritance | ||||||||||
Gajirrabeng | garlgarlb | inheritance | ||||||||||
Gooniyandi | galgal- | doubtful loan | ||||||||||
Gupapuyngu | ŋamarama | unknown | ||||||||||
Gurindji | yayip ma- | loan | Miriwung | |||||||||
Hodï | wakh | unique | See Language page | |||||||||
Huambisa | wishirtasa | wiʃirtasa | See Language page | |||||||||
Hup | tæ̃ʔnɔ- | ~tæʔdɔ- | unique | shared Yuhup | See Language page | |||||||
Ignaciano | -'ekawa | See Language page | ||||||||||
Iipay 'Aa | uusay | [uˑ˅ˈsai] | inheritance | |||||||||
Ingá | asii | asii | See Language page | |||||||||
Iquito | sataani | sataani | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Itonama | lohoʔte | See Language page | ||||||||||
Jabirr-Jabirr | gulgarr | kulkarr | inheritance | |||||||||
Jaru | jinggiri | loan | ||||||||||
Jawi | nunamar | nunamarr | inheritance | |||||||||
Kabiyari | iká[ha] | iká[ha] | See Language page | |||||||||
Kaingang | ny | nɨŋ | See Language page | |||||||||
Kakataibo | ʔo'sã | *Panoan *ʔosã- with related meaning 'smile'. | See Language page | |||||||||
Kakua | dêwʔ | unknown | See Language page | |||||||||
Kalapalo | tego- | tego- | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
Kamayurá | huka | huka | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Karajarri | nyarru punya (2) | inheritance | ||||||||||
Kariña | auwa | auwa | laugh | Yamada 2010:721 | ||||||||
Karitiana | haha (onomatopoeia) | haha | unknown | See Language page | ||||||||
Katukina | osã- | See Language page | ||||||||||
Kawaiisu | kija- | inheritance | ||||||||||
Kija | kalkal | inheritance | ||||||||||
Kiliwa | h-chin, h-chiin | unknown | ||||||||||
Kitanemuk | makaw | inheritance | ||||||||||
Kokama | apuca | apuka | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Koreguaje | somʉ | somʉ | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Kotiria | bʉhʉ | bʉhʉ́ | inheritance | Branch 2, E Tuk | See Language page | |||||||
Lake Miwok | jo/mu | inheritance | ||||||||||
Lengua | #NAME? | See Language page | ||||||||||
Lokono | mithadan | mitʰadan | laugh | Pet 1987:362 | ||||||||
Luiseño | tooya | unknown | Elliott | |||||||||
Maca | #NAME? | See Language page | ||||||||||
Macaguan | kakáp ('laugh loudly, shout') | kakáp | inheritance | Central+Macaguan subgroup | See Language page | |||||||
Maidu | nu/k | unknown | ||||||||||
Maihiki | ayi | ãji | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Makiritare | waʔsenɲo (IDS) | waʔsenɲo (IDS) | unknown | See Language page | ||||||||
Makuna | semantically close: aja-re ('reírse'); ajati-re ('sonreírse') | axa-ɾe; axati-ɾe | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Makushi | sii (IDS) | sii (IDS) | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
Malyangapa | [missing] | missing | ||||||||||
Mangala | yijinarri (1) | unique | ||||||||||
Mapudungun | aye; aye-kawɨ | Ranquel form is aye. | See Language page | |||||||||
Matses | mamën | mamɨn | unknown | See Language page | ||||||||
Miriwung | galbgalb | inheritance | ||||||||||
Mithaka | kingki- | inheritance | ||||||||||
Mocoví | r-ayalegere | See Language page | ||||||||||
Mojave | chakavar= | inheritance | ||||||||||
Mosetén-Chimané | dʸi'si | See Language page | ||||||||||
Movima | ho-si-čeɬ | ho-si-tʃeɬ | See Language page | |||||||||
Mudburra | kinkilarra | |||||||||||
Mudburra | kinkilarra | unique | ||||||||||
Muinane | jéjébahi (W97) | xéxébaʔi | See Language page | |||||||||
Muisca | zegyguasuca | tʂeγɨγuasuka | See Language page | |||||||||
Murui Witoto | jaɨsite | haɯθitɛ (B83) | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
Mutsun | ma:yi | unknown | O77:171, 278 | |||||||||
Nadëb/Roçado dialect | ka-wi-wa̰:m | unique | See Language page | |||||||||
Napo Lowland Quichua | asina | asina | See Language page | |||||||||
Ngamini | kingka_x001E_ | inheritance | ||||||||||
Ngandi | X | missing | ||||||||||
Ngarluma | thurni | |||||||||||
Ngumbarl | jooa woora | <jooa woora> | unique | |||||||||
Nheengatu | puká | puka | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Nhirrpi | [missing] | missing | ||||||||||
Nimanburru | -gam- [ma-gaman] | -kam- [ma-kaman] | inheritance | |||||||||
Ninam | kahi ĩka, ka ĩkra (EM72) | kahi ĩka, ka ĩkɾa | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Nisenan | d2:, d2:7 | unknown | ||||||||||
Nivaclé | -asčay | laugh | https://ids.clld.org/ | |||||||||
Northern Emberá | iphidhái | iphidhái | See Language page | |||||||||
Northern Mangarla | yici-pu | |||||||||||
Northern Nyangumarta | nyarru pini- (V3) | inheritance | ||||||||||
Northern Paiute | su-wa7i | unique | Nichols 1974:177 | |||||||||
Northern Sierra Miwok | hyja:k-y- | inheritance | ||||||||||
Nyangumarta | juka mana- (V3) | |||||||||||
Nyikina | -gama- [ma-gaman] | -kama- [ma-kaman] | inheritance | |||||||||
Nyulnyul | -gam- [makaman] XXgl to laugh, joke. | -kam- [makaman] XXkl do laukh, joke. | inheritance | |||||||||
Ocaina | maato | maato | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
Paakantyi | gīnda- | inheritance | ||||||||||
Paraguayan Guaraní | puka | See Language page | ||||||||||
Paresi | koexa | koeʃa | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Pemon | atarika (A1981); eta'ri'kan (M2000) | ataɾika (A1981) | doubtful loan, direction unknown | Pumé aȩrĩkjiá | See Language page | |||||||
Piapoco | icáaníca | ikáaníka | See Language page | |||||||||
Pilagá | l-a'saʁan | See Language page | ||||||||||
Pirriya | [missing] | missing | ||||||||||
Pitta-Pitta | wiya | inheritance | ||||||||||
Plains Miwok | 7ilsy- | unknown | ||||||||||
Puinave | [-yoi] | joi | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
Pumé | aȩrĩkjiá | See Language page | ||||||||||
Páez | shijca- | shixka- | See Language page | |||||||||
Qawasqar | ane-ḳsta | Sk, Bo record aleksta for Central QWS. Fi records feayel for South QWS. | See Language page | |||||||||
Quechua Ayacuchano | asiy | asij | See Language page | |||||||||
Resígaro | khoní | kʰoní | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Rirratjingu | [missing] | missing | ||||||||||
Ritharrngu | dhurr-yun | unique | ||||||||||
Salinan A | *k)e:/yita7 (A), ), (k)e:/yiteL (pl) “laugh, shout” | unknown | ||||||||||
Salinan M | (k)aite 'laugh, shout' | unknown | Mason 1918:143 | |||||||||
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité | ankaktimiyi | See Language page | ||||||||||
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet | neŋekteŋmaykamˀ | See Language page | ||||||||||
Sanumá | ĩka, ĩkapa (EM72) | ĩka, ĩkapa | doubtful loan into proto-language | Maybe Arawak source; cf. Piapoco, Baniwa íkaa | See Language page | |||||||
Selknam | wi | See Language page | ||||||||||
Seri (Comcaac) | casim | unknown | ||||||||||
Serrano | mamq | inheritance | ||||||||||
Shipibo-Konibo | i̯kʸa ~ hi̯kʸa | See Language page | ||||||||||
Sikuani | jüajüajai (21), kapona (2) (also means to smile or to laugh at something--make fun) | unknown; inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
Siona | choji | tʃohi | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Sirionó | i̯kʸa ~ hi̯kʸa (P85) | i̯kʸa ~ hi̯kʸa | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Southern Paiute | kia- | inheritance | ||||||||||
Southern Pastaza Quechua | asina | asina | See Language page | |||||||||
Southern Sierra Miwok | hyja:k- | inheritance | ||||||||||
Southern Ute | kija, etc. | inheritance | ||||||||||
Suyá | ikẽ | ikẽ | See Language page | |||||||||
Tariana | díka | díka | unknown; inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Tehuelche | ey'wē; 'ēyo- | See Language page | ||||||||||
Tikuna | nacugü [2, 2-3, 2] | nakugɨ | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
Tiriyó | eerana | eerana | unknown | See Language page | ||||||||
Toba | l-aši; d-ayalgiyi | See Language page | ||||||||||
Trinitario | ekowo -wriʔi | See Language page | ||||||||||
Trumai | (ha) tɬat | (ha) tɬat | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
Tukano | buhí | buhí | inheritance | Branch 2, E Tuk | See Language page | |||||||
Tübatulabal | kytsyy-at | unknown | ||||||||||
Tümpisa Shoshone | jahi”, jahe” | inheritance | ||||||||||
Urarina | kweena- | kwe:na- | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
Wai Wai | ewre-ra | ewre-ra | unknown | See Language page | ||||||||
Waimiri Atroari | yeepitxah, ahpa | ɨeepitʃah, ahpa | See Language page | |||||||||
Walmajarri | jingkirtima- | inheritance | ||||||||||
Wangkayutyuru | wiya- | inheritance | ||||||||||
Waorani | ka ka to | unique | See Language page | |||||||||
Wapishana | ʃaʐutan | ʃaʐutan | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Wappo | ka/t'she7 | unknown | ||||||||||
Wari | tatamʔ, katamʔ | tatamʔ, katamʔ | See Language page | |||||||||
Warrwa | gamanggaya; gama XXngl are these preverbs or roots? (gama a preverb; can it also be a root?) | kamangkaya; kama | inheritance | |||||||||
Washo | a/saw | unknown | J286 | |||||||||
Waurá | ažatuwa | ažatuwa | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Wayampi | nupi | nupi | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
Wayana | ewakta | ewakta | unknown | See Language page | ||||||||
Wayuu | asɨr̃eha | See Language page | ||||||||||
Western Mono | jawi- | inheritance | ||||||||||
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay | tis'čeʔy | See Language page | ||||||||||
Wintu | nuja | unknown | ||||||||||
Wubuy | ngarrma | inheritance? | ||||||||||
Yabarana | ʝaɾu'waɾi | See Language page | ||||||||||
Yagua | todi | todi | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
Yaminahua | airĩ kʰia-ta | See Language page | ||||||||||
Yan-nhangu | 2027 | inheritance | ||||||||||
Yandruwandha | ingka | inheritance | ||||||||||
Yanomam | ĩka, ĩkara | ĩka, ĩkaɾa | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Yanomami | ĩkãɨ | ĩkãɨ | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Yarluyandi | kingka_x001E_ | inheritance | ||||||||||
Yavapai | chkwa/ri | inheritance | ||||||||||
Yavitero | táteja | táteha | See Language page | |||||||||
Yawarrawarrka | tjinkindri | inheritance? | ||||||||||
Yawuru | -gami- | -kami- | inheritance | |||||||||
Yine | hic̷oľhiwata | Fluctuates with hic̷oľhɨwata. | See Language page | |||||||||
Yokuts Palewyami | hayau | inheritance | K 1963 | |||||||||
Yokuts Yawdanchi | hay- | inheritance | K07:248, G64 | |||||||||
Yokuts Yowlumne | ha:y'a: | inheritance | G1964 | |||||||||
Yuhup | nɔhɔ̃ | ~dɔhɔ | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
Yuki | mush- “laugh, smile” | inheritance | S&S 1984 | |||||||||
Yukpa | auare, ojente, osénikepo, nosenke, sinki, yuáprono | See Language page | ||||||||||
Yukuna | i'ichakaje | iʔitʃakahe | unknown; inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Záparo | tsutanu | tsutanu | See Language page |
Language |
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