Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

laugh

Semantic Field
mental
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
reír
Meaning Portuguese
rir

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone jahnai” inheritance
Cahuilla -sem- inheritance S&H 1979
Central Sierra Miwok hyja:/k- inheritance
Chemehuevi kija/ni7i inheritance
Chumash Barbareno qon (Wash has qon': p. 316) unknown Mithun 1997:239
Chumash Obispeno ts'e unknown JPH
Chumash Ventureno kHqo7o “I laughed unknown JPH
Cocopa 7u:Sa/y inheritance
Comanche na7jYnety; inheritance
Cupeño $hem-0 [şəm] inheritance
Esselen ake- unknown Henshaw in Shaul 1995:224
Gabrielino 7eye:yen inheritance
Iipay 'Aa uusay [uˑ˅ˈsai] inheritance
Kawaiisu kija- inheritance
Kiliwa h-chin, h-chiin unknown
Kitanemuk makaw inheritance
Lake Miwok jo/mu inheritance
Luiseño tooya unknown Elliott
Maidu nu/k unknown
Mojave chakavar= inheritance
Mutsun ma:yi unknown O77:171, 278
Nisenan d2:, d2:7 unknown
Northern Paiute su-wa7i unique Nichols 1974:177
Northern Sierra Miwok hyja:k-y- inheritance
Plains Miwok 7ilsy- unknown
Salinan A *k)e:/yita7 (A), ), (k)e:/yiteL (pl) “laugh, shout” unknown
Salinan M (k)aite 'laugh, shout' unknown Mason 1918:143
Seri (Comcaac) casim unknown
Serrano mamq inheritance
Southern Paiute kia- inheritance
Southern Sierra Miwok hyja:k- inheritance
Southern Ute kija, etc. inheritance
Tübatulabal kytsyy-at unknown
Tümpisa Shoshone jahi”, jahe” inheritance
Wappo ka/t'she7 unknown
Washo a/saw unknown J286
Western Mono jawi- inheritance
Wintu nuja unknown
Yavapai chkwa/ri inheritance
Yokuts Palewyami hayau inheritance K 1963
Yokuts Yawdanchi hay- inheritance K07:248, G64
Yokuts Yowlumne ha:y'a: inheritance G1964
Yuki mush- “laugh, smile” inheritance S&S 1984
Baniwa íkaa íkaa unknown; inheritance See Language page
Carijona ehohimane unknown See Language page
Cubeo reírse: jacoðoboyʉ; jajeðo; yʉriyʉ xakoðobojɨ; xaxeðo; jɨɾijɨ unknown See Language page
Dâw ôò ʔô unique See Language page
Desano ĩhãye-ri ĩʔãje-ɾi inheritance See Language page
Eñepa -os-onoʔ(-pɨ)(-pi) (IDS) -os-onoʔ(-pɨ)(-pi) (IDS) unknown See Language page
Hodï wakh unique See Language page
Waorani ka ka to unique See Language page
Hup tæ̃ʔnɔ- ~tæʔdɔ- unique shared Yuhup See Language page
Kakua dêwʔ unknown See Language page
Makushi sii (IDS) sii (IDS) unique See Language page
Nheengatu puká puka inheritance See Language page
Ninam kahi ĩka, ka ĩkra (EM72) kahi ĩka, ka ĩkɾa inheritance See Language page
Maihiki ayi ãji inheritance See Language page
Pemon atarika (A1981); eta'ri'kan (M2000) ataɾika (A1981) doubtful loan, direction unknown Pumé aȩrĩkjiá See Language page
Resígaro khoní kʰoní inheritance See Language page
Sanumá ĩka, ĩkapa (EM72) ĩka, ĩkapa doubtful loan into proto-language Maybe Arawak source; cf. Piapoco, Baniwa íkaa See Language page
Sikuani jüajüajai (21), kapona (2) (also means to smile or to laugh at something--make fun) unknown; inheritance See Language page
Tariana díka díka unknown; inheritance See Language page
Tukano buhí buhí inheritance Branch 2, E Tuk See Language page
Kotiria bʉhʉ bʉhʉ́ inheritance Branch 2, E Tuk See Language page
Yanomam ĩka, ĩkara ĩka, ĩkaɾa inheritance See Language page
Yanomami ĩkãɨ ĩkãɨ inheritance See Language page
Yukuna i'ichakaje iʔitʃakahe unknown; inheritance See Language page
Yuhup nɔhɔ̃ ~dɔhɔ unique See Language page
Arabana wijanta inheritance
Bardi -gama- (A/P) -kama- (A/b) inheritance
Bunuba gargarla- inheritance
Burarra gu-wakal bu doubtful loan Yolngu
Dhangu gitkit inheritance
Dhuwal [missing] missing
Dhuwala ŋamarama unknown
Diyari kingka inheritance
DiyariREU kinkata inheritance
Djambarrpuyngu gitkit
Djapu gitkit
Djinang kitkittji-gi inheritance
Gajirrabeng garlgarlb inheritance
Gooniyandi galgal- doubtful loan
Gupapuyngu ŋamarama unknown
Gurindji yayip ma- loan Miriwung
Jabirr-Jabirr gulgarr kulkarr inheritance
Jaru jinggiri loan
Jawi nunamar nunamarr inheritance
Karajarri nyarru punya (2) inheritance
Kija kalkal inheritance
Malyangapa [missing] missing
Mangala yijinarri (1) unique
Miriwung galbgalb inheritance
Mithaka kingki- inheritance
Mudburra kinkilarra
Mudburra kinkilarra unique
Ngamini kingka_x001E_ inheritance
Ngandi X missing
Ngarluma thurni
Ngumbarl jooa woora <jooa woora> unique
Nhirrpi [missing] missing
Nimanburru -gam- [ma-gaman] -kam- [ma-kaman] inheritance
Northern Mangarla yici-pu
Northern Nyangumarta nyarru pini- (V3) inheritance
Nyangumarta juka mana- (V3)
Nyikina -gama- [ma-gaman] -kama- [ma-kaman] inheritance
Nyulnyul -gam- [makaman] XXgl to laugh, joke. -kam- [makaman] XXkl do laukh, joke. inheritance
Paakantyi gīnda- inheritance
Pirriya [missing] missing
Pitta-Pitta wiya inheritance
Rirratjingu [missing] missing
Ritharrngu dhurr-yun unique
Walmajarri jingkirtima- inheritance
Wangkayutyuru wiya- inheritance
Warrwa gamanggaya; gama XXngl are these preverbs or roots? (gama a preverb; can it also be a root?) kamangkaya; kama inheritance
Wubuy ngarrma inheritance?
Yan-nhangu 2027 inheritance
Yandruwandha ingka inheritance
Yarluyandi kingka_x001E_ inheritance
Yawarrawarrka tjinkindri inheritance?
Yawuru -gami- -kami- inheritance
Achagua káideri káideri unknown; inheritance See Language page
Piapoco icáaníca ikáaníka See Language page
Kabiyari iká[ha] iká[ha] See Language page
Yavitero táteja táteha See Language page
Wapishana ʃaʐutan ʃaʐutan inheritance See Language page
Wayuu asɨr̃eha See Language page
Yine hic̷oľhiwata Fluctuates with hic̷oľhɨwata. See Language page
Paresi koexa koeʃa inheritance See Language page
Ignaciano -'ekawa See Language page
Trinitario ekowo -wriʔi See Language page
Baure 'ko-ka- 'ko-ka- inheritance See Language page
Waurá ažatuwa ažatuwa inheritance See Language page
Cha'palaa 'uu-'ka-nu To mock, laugh at someone's expense is 'uu-ka-'pu-nu. See Language page
Bora goóco (T98) koókʰo unique See Language page
Muinane jéjébahi (W97) xéxébaʔi See Language page
Akawaio dakköröngnödok daʔkö'roŋnödɔk unknown See Language page
Apalai eunohnõko eunohnõko unknown See Language page
Wayana ewakta ewakta unknown See Language page
Tiriyó eerana eerana unknown See Language page
Makiritare waʔsenɲo (IDS) waʔsenɲo (IDS) unknown See Language page
Wai Wai ewre-ra ewre-ra unknown See Language page
Waimiri Atroari yeepitxah, ahpa ɨeepitʃah, ahpa See Language page
Yabarana ʝaɾu'waɾi See Language page
Yukpa auare, ojente, osénikepo, nosenke, sinki, yuáprono See Language page
Kalapalo tego- tego- unique See Language page
Muisca zegyguasuca tʂeγɨγuasuka See Language page
Northern Emberá iphidhái iphidhái See Language page
Epena ëi- Also means 'smile' 16.251. See Language page
Macaguan kakáp ('laugh loudly, shout') kakáp inheritance Central+Macaguan subgroup See Language page
Cofán féñañe fɛɲaɲɛ phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra stámaama stámaama unique See Language page
Páez shijca- shixka- See Language page
Tikuna nacugü [2, 2-3, 2] nakugɨ unique See Language page
Urarina kweena- kwe:na- unique See Language page
Andoke hẽhẽ hẽhẽ unique See Language page
Pumé aȩrĩkjiá See Language page
Puinave [-yoi] joi unique See Language page
Ashuar wishírtin wiʃirtin See Language page
Huambisa wishirtasa wiʃirtasa See Language page
Aguaruna dushíkagtut duʃikangtut unique See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect ka-wi-wa̰:m unique See Language page
Matses mamën mamɨn unknown See Language page
Kakataibo ʔo'sã *Panoan *ʔosã- with related meaning 'smile'. See Language page
Katukina osã- See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo i̯kʸa ~ hi̯kʸa See Language page
Yaminahua airĩ kʰia-ta See Language page
Chácobo osa-; c̷iri- osa-; c̷iri- inheritance See Language page
Yagua todi todi unique See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua asina asina See Language page
Ingá asii asii See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua asina asina See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano asiy asij See Language page
Carapana boyetirique bojetiɾike See Language page
Makuna semantically close: aja-re ('reírse'); ajati-re ('sonreírse') axa-ɾe; axati-ɾe inheritance See Language page
Koreguaje somʉ somʉ inheritance See Language page
Siona choji tʃohi inheritance See Language page
Karitiana haha (onomatopoeia) haha unknown See Language page
Kokama apuca apuka inheritance See Language page
Wayampi nupi nupi unique See Language page
Aché ǰuǰa unique See Language page
Chiriguano puka inheritance See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní puka See Language page
Sirionó i̯kʸa ~ hi̯kʸa (P85) i̯kʸa ~ hi̯kʸa inheritance See Language page
Kamayurá huka huka inheritance See Language page
Ocaina maato maato unique See Language page
Murui Witoto jaɨsite haɯθitɛ (B83) unique See Language page
Iquito sataani sataani inheritance See Language page
Záparo tsutanu tsutanu See Language page
Wari tatamʔ, katamʔ tatamʔ, katamʔ See Language page
Araona izibati See Language page
Ese Ejja soa- inheritance See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo sa-kwe sa-kwe See Language page
Cavineña c̷a-ya; šokoi-šokoi-ya (The former also means "smile") ča-ya; šokoi-šokoi-ya inheritance See Language page
Central Aymara laruña laru-ɲa See Language page
Cayuvava heče; karaho See Language page
Itonama lohoʔte See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané dʸi'si See Language page
Movima ho-si-čeɬ ho-si-tʃeɬ See Language page
Trumai (ha) tɬat (ha) tɬat unique See Language page
Kaingang ny nɨŋ See Language page
Canela tĩ See Language page
Suyá ikẽ ikẽ See Language page
Djeoromitxi dje dʒe See Language page
Chipaya tx̣as; x̣ar-x̣ar-š See Language page
Mocoví r-ayalegere See Language page
Pilagá l-a'saʁan See Language page
Toba l-aši; d-ayalgiyi See Language page
Lengua #NAME? See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité ankaktimiyi See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet neŋekteŋmaykamˀ See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay tis'čeʔy See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja -skiʔ ~ -tiskiʔ See Language page
Maca #NAME? See Language page
Nivaclé -asčay laugh https://ids.clld.org/
Ayoreo da'goi See Language page
Mapudungun aye; aye-kawɨ Ranquel form is aye. See Language page
Qawasqar ane-ḳsta Sk, Bo record aleksta for Central QWS. Fi records feayel for South QWS. See Language page
Selknam wi See Language page
Tehuelche ey'wē; 'ēyo- See Language page
Lokono mithadan mitʰadan laugh Pet 1987:362
Kariña auwa auwa laugh Yamada 2010:721