Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

white

Semantic Field: colour
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: blanco
Meaning Portuguese: branco

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Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Loan Source	General Notes	Source
Achagua	kabálai	kabálai		inheritance			See Language page
Aché		iǰu		inheritance			See Language page
Aguaruna	chamíg	tʃamíng		inheritance			See Language page
Akawaio	aimuuknang	aɪmuʔnaŋ		inheritance			See Language page
Andoke	po'te, pó-	poʔte, pó-		unique			See Language page
Apalai	karimutumano	karimutumano		inheritance			See Language page
Arabana	waru			inheritance
Araona		amae; apaha				Tacn form is paśa-.	See Language page
Arutani	araway (morphologically complex?)	aɾaway (morphologically complex?)					See Language page
Ashuar	púju, sháaram	puxu, ʃa:ram					See Language page
Ayoreo		'pororo-i; 'pororo					See Language page
Baniwa	háale	háaɺe		inheritance			See Language page
Bankalachi Toloim	po'-so/soo-pul' 219			unknown
Barasano	boti-se	boti-se					See Language page
Bardi	bulgar	bulkar		inheritance
Bare	baɻi	baɻi					See Language page
Bará		bu'ti					See Language page
Barí		bačii; bačiini				Colombia: 'bahčirə. Chibchan form is buLu.	See Language page
Baure	kotipo'pin	kotipo'pin		inheritance			See Language page
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone	tosa”			inheritance
Bora	tsʰɨ́sʰɨɨ-ne, tsʰɨtsʰɨ	tsʰɨ́sʰɨɨ-nɛ, tsʰɨtsʰɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Bunuba	nginangara			unknown
Burarra	-gungarlcha			unknown
Cahuilla	tevish-nek			inheritance			S&H 1979
Camsa	bxántse	bxántse					See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra	boorshi	mpooɾʃi		unique			See Language page
Canela		ĩĩ-prõ				Jê form is prõ.	See Language page
Carapana	botirije	bɔtiɾixɛ					See Language page
Carijona	tamutune			inheritance			See Language page
Cavineña	paha-da; paha-ya (G71)	paha-da; paha-ya (G71)		inheritance			See Language page
Cayuvava		pa'boreha; ya'boreha; ra-bore					See Language page
Central Aymara	janq´o	xanḳˀu					See Language page
Central Sierra Miwok	kele/l:-i-			inheritance
Cha'palaa		'Φi'ba-ba					See Language page
Chemehuevi	tosa/ga- V			inheritance
Chipaya		čiwi					See Language page
Chiriguano		tĩi		inheritance			See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja		lemiʔ					See Language page
Chumash Barbareno	7ow'ow			inheritance			Ono 1996:45
Chumash Cruzeno	7alapipiw “es blanco”			unknown			JPH
Chumash Ineseno	7ow'ow “to be white”			inheritance			A 260
Chumash Obispeno	q'ele7			unknown			JPH
Chumash Ventureno	-7owow "to be white"			unknown			Harrington 1974:3
Chácobo	hoṣ̌o	hoṣ̌o		inheritance			See Language page
Cocopa	xma:Ly			inheritance
Cofán	totoa	totoa				phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS	See Language page
Comanche	tosa-, tosapI			inheritance
Cubeo	boco, miacó (f.), bocʉ (m.), borõ (inan.), miacʉ́ (m.), miaró (inan.)	boko, miakó (f.), bokɨ (m.), borõ (inan.), miakɨ́ (m.), miaró (inan.)		inheritance			See Language page
Cupeño	xwayaxwene-t	[xʷayəxʷənət]		inheritance
Desano	boreri	boreri		inheritance			See Language page
Dhangu	gapaṉ			unknown
Dhuwal	watharr			inheritance
Dhuwala	watharr			inheritance
Diyari	warru			inheritance
DiyariREU	waru			inheritance
Djambarrpuyngu	watharr			inheritance
Djapu	watharr			inheritance
Djeoromitxi	känõrü	kǝnõrø					See Language page
Djinang	bardjining			unknown
Dâw	rôò	hô		inheritance			See Language page
Epena		tʰo'r̃oo					See Language page
Ese Ejja		#NAME?		loan	Panoan		See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo	oše	oše					See Language page
Esselen	helel- , hele/l-ki			unknown			Henshaw in Shaul 1995:214, 219
Eñepa	tamuʔɲe	tamuʔɲe		inheritance			See Language page
Gabrielino	rawro:7			unknown
Gajirrabeng	bilgirri-mawoong			unique
Gooniyandi	labawoo			doubtful loan
Guayabero		pa-póe-jax		inheritance	Proto-Guahiban		See Language page
Gupapuyngu	watharr			inheritance
Gurindji	waki			loan	Miriwung
Hodï		ʰkʸato		unique			See Language page
Huambisa	puju	puxu					See Language page
Hup	tohó	tohó		inheritance			See Language page
Ignaciano		tihapu					See Language page
Iipay 'Aa	nemeshap	[n̯əməˈşap]		inheritance
Ingá	iura, lanku (Spanish loan)	iura, lanku (Spaniʃ loan)					See Language page
Iquito	musútina	musútina		inheritance			See Language page
Itonama		rapɨhna					See Language page
Jaru	labawu			inheritance
Kabiyari	katare:i-ri, jarane	katare:i-ri, jarane					See Language page
Kaingang	kupri	kupri					See Language page
Kakataibo		oṣ̌o				Panoan oṣ̌o.	See Language page
Kakua		bǎb-[be.white-]		unique			See Language page
Kalapalo	talakiñe	talakiñe		inheritance			See Language page
Kamayurá	tsiŋ̟̟̟	tsiŋ̟̟̟		inheritance			See Language page
Karajarri	lali			inheritance
Karajá		ura					See Language page
Kariña	tamune	tamune	white				Yamada 2010:808
Karitiana	pok	pok		unknown			See Language page
Katukina		hošo-					See Language page
Kawaiisu	see-gi- “to be white”			loan
Kija	ngelyak-pe			unique
Kiliwa	(kW)-m7sap			inheritance
Kitanemuk	7ayak			unknown
Kokama	tini (to be white)	tini		inheritance			See Language page
Kotiria	yehsera	jehseɾa		unique	cognate Piratapuyo		See Language page
Kwazá	ha?ỹ-, hakuty-	ha?ỹ-, hakuty-					See Language page
Lake Miwok	ceTa/aw, ciTa/aw			unknown
Lengua		#NAME?					See Language page
Lokono	halhiran	haɽiɾan	white				Pet 1987:377
Luiseño	xwaya- (to be)			inheritance
Maca		foʔ				Cf. 'meal, flour' 05.550.	See Language page
Macaguan		pe-pobiha		inheritance	Proto-Guahiban		See Language page
Maidu	da/lda\l			unknown
Maihiki	bo- (it is a prefix inseparable)	bo		inheritance			See Language page
Makiritare	təʔkeʔne (IDS); tö'ke'ne, tö'kena:to (KH)	təʔkeʔne, təʔkena:to		inheritance			See Language page
Makuna	boti-rise	boti-rise		inheritance			See Language page
Makushi	áímutun	áímutun		inheritance			See Language page
Malyangapa	Mal: patjarka			unique
Mangala	la:li			inheritance
Mapoyo	tarimu'ne	tarimu'ne					See Language page
Mapudungun		liɣ				Ranquel form is pɨlan.	See Language page
Matses	ushu	uʃu		inheritance			See Language page
Minica Witoto	úθe-re-de	úθɛ-rɛ-dɛ					See Language page
Miriwung	thambalgbeng			unique
Mithaka	warruputha			inheritance
Mocoví		y-alagaḳ				Also l-alagaʁ-aik, 'prefix-white-adj (masc)'.	See Language page
Mojave	nyamasav=			inheritance
Mosetén-Chimané		haiʔ'batč; haiʔ'bas					See Language page
Movima	ta-βoh	ta-βoh					See Language page
Mudburra	liwakarra
Mudburra	liwakbari			unique
Muinane	séséé-ne	sέsέέ-nɛ					See Language page
Muisca	pquyhiso	pkɨhiso					See Language page
Murui Witoto	uθe-re-de	uθɛ-rɛ-dɛ		inheritance/Witotoan			See Language page
Mutsun	chupka “is white”			unknown			O77:81, 211
Máku	kaləmate	kaləmate					See Language page
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect		hawak					See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect		hawak		unique			See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua	ruyaj	ɾujax					See Language page
Ngamini	purlu			unique
Ngandi	barwitj			unique
Ngarluma	mirdamirda
Ngumbarl	karrmul	<karrmul>		unique
Nheengatu	murutinga	muɾutiŋga		inheritance			See Language page
Nhirrpi	[missing]			missing
Ninam	šĩe, rišiši (EM72)	ʃ̌ĩe, ɾiʃiʃi		unique			See Language page
Nisenan	kow “silvery white”			inheritance
Nivaclé		klim	white				https://ids.clld.org/
Northern Emberá	thoorró	thoːrró					See Language page
Northern Mangarla	[missing]			missing
Northern Nyangumarta	lali			inheritance
Northern Paiute	toha-			inheritance			Thornes 03:215
Northern Sierra Miwok	kelel:i-			inheritance
Nukak		pat∫e3waʔ4		unique			See Language page
Nyangumarta	mirta-mirta			unknown
Nyikina	dub	dub		inheritance
Nyulnyul	bulgar	bulkar		inheritance
Nɨpode Witoto	úte-re-de	útɛ-rɛ-dɛ					See Language page
Ocaina	furááñ̵a	ɸɯrã́ã́ɲa		unique			See Language page
Paakantyi	goba
Pacahuara		'hoṣ̌o				d'Orb ošo.	See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní		morotĩ					See Language page
Paresi	iyomere, malohi	ijomere, malohi		unique			See Language page
Pemon	aimu-tun, choramu-nan (A1981); aimuuknang (E1980); aimutun (M2000)	aimutun, tʃoɾamunan (A1981); aɪmuknaŋ (E1980); aimu'tuŋ (M2000)		inheritance			See Language page
Piapoco	cabalèeri	kabalèeɾi					See Language page
Piaroa	tea'a	teaʔa		inheritance			See Language page
Pilagá		y-apagaḳ					See Language page
Pirriya	[missing]			missing
Pitta-Pitta	warrhaputha			inheritance
Plains Miwok	putu7tu			inheritance
Puinave	#NAME?	#NAME?		unique			See Language page
Pumé	bȩrȩbȩrȩá						See Language page
Páez	chime	tʃime					See Language page
Qawasqar		aḳyefḳyar				SpC records ekefkar; Sk, Bo, SpC record yekapeskar for Central QWS. Fi, Hy, SpS record akefkar for South QWS.	See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano	yuraq	yuɾaq					See Language page
Resígaro	hefíí?	hefííʔ		unknown			See Language page
Rirratjingu	gaywaraŋu, watharr
Ritharrngu	mirlitj			unique
Salinan A	mA/ThaL (A),			unknown
Salinan M	mA'THa:L			unknown			Mason 1918:150
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité		#NAME?					See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet		akmopoyˀ; pak					See Language page
Sanumá	au, ausi (both EM72)	au, ausi (both EM72)		inheritance			See Language page
Sape	sae	sae					See Language page
Secoya	poja'ico	po'haʔikɔ					See Language page
Selknam		ṣòʔl					See Language page
Seri (Comcaac)	cooxp			unknown
Serrano	jara:7-			unknown
Shipibo-Konibo		hoṣ̌o					See Language page
Sikuani		niopona, ɸobia ['pale']		inheritance	Sik-Cuiva-Playero group		See Language page
Siona	po; pohei-hi	po; pohei-hi		inheritance			See Language page
Sirionó	ešĩ	ešĩ		inheritance			See Language page
Southern Paiute	toc:a-G,S			inheritance
Southern Pastaza Quechua	yura	juɾa					See Language page
Southern Sierra Miwok	pasas-:i-			unknown
Southern Ute	sa-, sa/g'arY			loan direction unknown
Sáliva	dea	dea		inheritance			See Language page
Tacana		pasa-ne					See Language page
Tanimuca	bo'ia; bo'ia i'taka	bo'ia; bo'ia i'taka		inheritance			See Language page
Tariana	halíte 'branco, transparente; cedo'	halíte 'branco, transparente; cedo'		inheritance			See Language page
Tatuyo	bo'tí-	bo'tí-					See Language page
Taushiro	ha´anta	haʔanta					See Language page
Tehuelche		'or-					See Language page
Tikuna	comũx [1, 5]	komɨ̃ʔ		unique			See Language page
Tiriyó	tïkorooje	tɨkorooje		inheritance			See Language page
Toba		y-apagaḳ; l-apagaʁ-aik					See Language page
Trinitario		#NAME?					See Language page
Trumai	tsi-tore	tsi-tore		unique			See Language page
Tukano	butisé	butisé		inheritance	E Tuk		See Language page
Tuyuka	bu'ti	buʔti					See Language page
Tübatulabal	pooshy-t (be...)			unknown
Tümpisa Shoshone	tosapi(tyn)			inheritance
Urarina	somahaj	somahaj		unique			See Language page
Wai Wai	tu-mut-we	tu-mut-we		inheritance			See Language page
Waikhana	jeʔ'se-ri	jeʔ'se-ri					See Language page
Waimaja	botʰíři	botʰíri					See Language page
Waimiri Atroari	sakra	sakra					See Language page
Walmajarri	parpjarti			inheritance
Wangkayutyuru	warru			inheritance
Waorani	dãbæ̃-ta			unique			See Language page
Wapishana	ˀbarakʰa-ʔu	ˀbarakʰa-ʔu		unknown			See Language page
Wappo	k'ay'el			loan direction unknown
Warao	hoko (any shade of light color)	hoko (any shade of light coloɾ)					See Language page
Wari	towoʔ	towoʔ					See Language page
Warrwa	dubgaya; dub	dubkaya; dub		inheritance
Washo	da:l-po\poi			unknown			K312
Waurá	kisuwa	kisuwa		inheritance			See Language page
Wayampi	sĩ; yu	sĩ; ju		inheritance; unique			See Language page
Wayana	tïkoloke	tɨkoloke		inheritance			See Language page
Wayuu		kasu-to-ľu; kasu-wou-ľu					See Language page
Western Mono	tutsidaagi-			inheritance
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay		pe'lah					See Language page
Wintu	xa:ja			inheritance?
Wubuy	ngal-ngalngalu-j			unique
Yabarana		kara'sakimu, susuh'pano					See Language page
Yagua	japaru-	xaparu		unique			See Language page
Yaminahua		oṣ̌o					See Language page
Yan-nhangu	biriyanaraŋu			loan	English
Yandruwandha	parlu			unique
Yanomam	au, aɨ (both EM72)	au, aɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Yanomami	au, auši (EM72)	au, auʃi		inheritance			See Language page
Yarluyandi	[missing]			missing
Yavapai	sa/va, (ny)msa/vi (related to “silver” word wi\:nymsa_va)			inheritance
Yavitero	ka'haľi-hi	ka'haľi-hi					See Language page
Yawarrawarrka	waru			inheritance
Yawuru	dub7	dub7		inheritance
Yine		kľata					See Language page
Yokuts Palewyami	Teunga(n)			unique			K 1963
Yokuts Yawdanchi	tcodod			inheritance			K07:244
Yokuts Yowlumne	c'olo:l-			inheritance			N 1944 108
Yuhup	tohoh	tohoh		inheritance			See Language page
Yuki	ch'a:l, ch'al			loan direction unknown			S&S 1984
Yukpa	prampa	kests̺e					See Language page
Yukuna	kameni	kameni		unknown			See Language page
Yuma	xama:ly “to be white” H4:20			inheritance
Yuruti	bóti	bóti					See Language page
Záparo	ushicha	uʃiʧa					See Language page


Achagua
Aché
Aguaruna
Akawaio
Andoke
Apalai
Arabana
Araona
Arutani
Ashuar
Ayoreo
Baniwa
Bankalachi Toloim
Barasano
Bardi
Bare
Bará
Barí
Baure
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Bora
Bunuba
Burarra
Cahuilla
Camsa
Candoshi-Shapra
Canela
Carapana
Carijona
Cavineña
Cayuvava
Central Aymara
Central Sierra Miwok
Cha'palaa
Chemehuevi
Chipaya
Chiriguano
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Cruzeno
Chumash Ineseno
Chumash Obispeno
Chumash Ventureno
Chácobo
Cocopa
Cofán
Comanche
Cubeo
Cupeño
Desano
Dhangu
Dhuwal
Dhuwala
Diyari
DiyariREU
Djambarrpuyngu
Djapu
Djeoromitxi
Djinang
Dâw
Epena
Ese Ejja
Ese Ejja/Huarayo
Esselen
Eñepa
Gabrielino
Gajirrabeng
Gooniyandi
Guayabero
Gupapuyngu
Gurindji
Hodï
Huambisa
Hup
Ignaciano
Iipay 'Aa
Ingá
Iquito
Itonama
Jaru
Kabiyari
Kaingang
Kakataibo
Kakua
Kalapalo
Kamayurá
Karajarri
Karajá
Kariña
Karitiana
Katukina
Kawaiisu
Kija
Kiliwa
Kitanemuk
Kokama
Kotiria
Kwazá
Lake Miwok
Lengua
Lokono
Luiseño
Maca
Macaguan
Maidu
Maihiki
Makiritare
Makuna
Makushi
Malyangapa
Mangala
Mapoyo
Mapudungun
Matses
Minica Witoto
Miriwung
Mithaka
Mocoví
Mojave
Mosetén-Chimané
Movima
Mudburra
Mudburra
Muinane
Muisca
Murui Witoto
Mutsun
Máku
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect
Nadëb/Roçado dialect
Napo Lowland Quichua
Ngamini
Ngandi
Ngarluma
Ngumbarl
Nheengatu
Nhirrpi
Ninam
Nisenan
Nivaclé
Northern Emberá
Northern Mangarla
Northern Nyangumarta
Northern Paiute
Northern Sierra Miwok
Nukak
Nyangumarta
Nyikina
Nyulnyul
Nɨpode Witoto
Ocaina
Paakantyi
Pacahuara
Paraguayan Guaraní
Paresi
Pemon
Piapoco
Piaroa
Pilagá
Pirriya
Pitta-Pitta
Plains Miwok
Puinave
Pumé
Páez
Qawasqar
Quechua Ayacuchano
Resígaro
Rirratjingu
Ritharrngu
Salinan A
Salinan M
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet
Sanumá
Sape
Secoya
Selknam
Seri (Comcaac)
Serrano
Shipibo-Konibo
Sikuani
Siona
Sirionó
Southern Paiute
Southern Pastaza Quechua
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Ute
Sáliva
Tacana
Tanimuca
Tariana
Tatuyo
Taushiro
Tehuelche
Tikuna
Tiriyó
Toba
Trinitario
Trumai
Tukano
Tuyuka
Tübatulabal
Tümpisa Shoshone
Urarina
Wai Wai
Waikhana
Waimaja
Waimiri Atroari
Walmajarri
Wangkayutyuru
Waorani
Wapishana
Wappo
Warao
Wari
Warrwa
Washo
Waurá
Wayampi
Wayana
Wayuu
Western Mono
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay
Wintu
Wubuy
Yabarana
Yagua
Yaminahua
Yan-nhangu
Yandruwandha
Yanomam
Yanomami
Yarluyandi
Yavapai
Yavitero
Yawarrawarrka
Yawuru
Yine
Yokuts Palewyami
Yokuts Yawdanchi
Yokuts Yowlumne
Yuhup
Yuki
Yukpa
Yukuna
Yuma
Yuruti
Záparo

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