Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

white

Semantic Field
colour
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
blanco
Meaning Portuguese
branco

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Bankalachi Toloim po'-so/soo-pul' 219 unknown
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone tosa” inheritance
Cahuilla tevish-nek inheritance S&H 1979
Central Sierra Miwok kele/l:-i- inheritance
Chemehuevi tosa/ga- V inheritance
Chumash Barbareno 7ow'ow inheritance Ono 1996:45
Chumash Cruzeno 7alapipiw “es blanco” unknown JPH
Chumash Ineseno 7ow'ow “to be white” inheritance A 260
Chumash Obispeno q'ele7 unknown JPH
Chumash Ventureno -7owow "to be white" unknown Harrington 1974:3
Cocopa xma:Ly inheritance
Comanche tosa-, tosapI inheritance
Cupeño xwayaxwene-t [xʷayəxʷənət] inheritance
Esselen helel- , hele/l-ki unknown Henshaw in Shaul 1995:214, 219
Gabrielino rawro:7 unknown
Iipay 'Aa nemeshap [n̯əməˈşap] inheritance
Kawaiisu see-gi- “to be white” loan
Kiliwa (kW)-m7sap inheritance
Kitanemuk 7ayak unknown
Lake Miwok ceTa/aw, ciTa/aw unknown
Luiseño xwaya- (to be) inheritance
Maidu da/lda\l unknown
Mojave nyamasav= inheritance
Mutsun chupka “is white” unknown O77:81, 211
Nisenan kow “silvery white” inheritance
Northern Paiute toha- inheritance Thornes 03:215
Northern Sierra Miwok kelel:i- inheritance
Plains Miwok putu7tu inheritance
Salinan A mA/ThaL (A), unknown
Salinan M mA'THa:L unknown Mason 1918:150
Seri (Comcaac) cooxp unknown
Serrano jara:7- unknown
Southern Paiute toc:a-G,S inheritance
Southern Sierra Miwok pasas-:i- unknown
Southern Ute sa-, sa/g'arY loan direction unknown
Tübatulabal pooshy-t (be...) unknown
Tümpisa Shoshone tosapi(tyn) inheritance
Wappo k'ay'el loan direction unknown
Washo da:l-po\poi unknown K312
Western Mono tutsidaagi- inheritance
Wintu xa:ja inheritance?
Yavapai sa/va, (ny)msa/vi (related to “silver” word wi\:nymsa_va) inheritance
Yokuts Palewyami Teunga(n) unique K 1963
Yokuts Yawdanchi tcodod inheritance K07:244
Yokuts Yowlumne c'olo:l- inheritance N 1944 108
Yuki ch'a:l, ch'al loan direction unknown S&S 1984
Yuma xama:ly “to be white” H4:20 inheritance
Baniwa háale háaɺe inheritance See Language page
Carijona tamutune inheritance See Language page
Cubeo boco, miacó (f.), bocʉ (m.), borõ (inan.), miacʉ́ (m.), miaró (inan.) boko, miakó (f.), bokɨ (m.), borõ (inan.), miakɨ́ (m.), miaró (inan.) inheritance See Language page
Dâw rôò hô inheritance See Language page
Desano boreri boreri inheritance See Language page
Eñepa tamuʔɲe tamuʔɲe inheritance See Language page
Hodï ʰkʸato unique See Language page
Waorani dãbæ̃-ta unique See Language page
Hup tohó tohó inheritance See Language page
Kakua bǎb-[be.white-] unique See Language page
Makushi áímutun áímutun inheritance See Language page
Nheengatu murutinga muɾutiŋga inheritance See Language page
Ninam šĩe, rišiši (EM72) ʃ̌ĩe, ɾiʃiʃi unique See Language page
Nukak pat∫e3waʔ4 unique See Language page
Maihiki bo- (it is a prefix inseparable) bo inheritance See Language page
Pemon aimu-tun, choramu-nan (A1981); aimuuknang (E1980); aimutun (M2000) aimutun, tʃoɾamunan (A1981); aɪmuknaŋ (E1980); aimu'tuŋ (M2000) inheritance See Language page
Resígaro hefíí? hefííʔ unknown See Language page
Sanumá au, ausi (both EM72) au, ausi (both EM72) inheritance See Language page
Sikuani niopona, ɸobia ['pale'] inheritance Sik-Cuiva-Playero group See Language page
Tariana halíte 'branco, transparente; cedo' halíte 'branco, transparente; cedo' inheritance See Language page
Tukano butisé butisé inheritance E Tuk See Language page
Kotiria yehsera jehseɾa unique cognate Piratapuyo See Language page
Yanomam au, aɨ (both EM72) au, aɨ inheritance See Language page
Yanomami au, auši (EM72) au, auʃi inheritance See Language page
Yukuna kameni kameni unknown See Language page
Yuhup tohoh tohoh inheritance See Language page
Arabana waru inheritance
Bardi bulgar bulkar inheritance
Bunuba nginangara unknown
Burarra -gungarlcha unknown
Dhangu gapaṉ unknown
Dhuwal watharr inheritance
Dhuwala watharr inheritance
Diyari warru inheritance
DiyariREU waru inheritance
Djambarrpuyngu watharr inheritance
Djapu watharr inheritance
Djinang bardjining unknown
Gajirrabeng bilgirri-mawoong unique
Gooniyandi labawoo doubtful loan
Gupapuyngu watharr inheritance
Gurindji waki loan Miriwung
Jaru labawu inheritance
Karajarri lali inheritance
Kija ngelyak-pe unique
Malyangapa Mal: patjarka unique
Mangala la:li inheritance
Miriwung thambalgbeng unique
Mithaka warruputha inheritance
Mudburra liwakarra
Mudburra liwakbari unique
Ngamini purlu unique
Ngandi barwitj unique
Ngarluma mirdamirda
Ngumbarl karrmul <karrmul> unique
Nhirrpi [missing] missing
Northern Mangarla [missing] missing
Northern Nyangumarta lali inheritance
Nyangumarta mirta-mirta unknown
Nyikina dub dub inheritance
Nyulnyul bulgar bulkar inheritance
Paakantyi goba
Pirriya [missing] missing
Pitta-Pitta warrhaputha inheritance
Rirratjingu gaywaraŋu, watharr
Ritharrngu mirlitj unique
Walmajarri parpjarti inheritance
Wangkayutyuru warru inheritance
Warrwa dubgaya; dub dubkaya; dub inheritance
Wubuy ngal-ngalngalu-j unique
Yan-nhangu biriyanaraŋu loan English
Yandruwandha parlu unique
Yarluyandi [missing] missing
Yawarrawarrka waru inheritance
Yawuru dub7 dub7 inheritance
Achagua kabálai kabálai inheritance See Language page
Piapoco cabalèeri kabalèeɾi See Language page
Kabiyari katare:i-ri, jarane katare:i-ri, jarane See Language page
Yavitero ka'haľi-hi ka'haľi-hi See Language page
Bare baɻi baɻi See Language page
Wapishana ˀbarakʰa-ʔu ˀbarakʰa-ʔu unknown See Language page
Wayuu kasu-to-ľu; kasu-wou-ľu See Language page
Yine kľata See Language page
Paresi iyomere, malohi ijomere, malohi unique See Language page
Ignaciano tihapu See Language page
Trinitario #NAME? See Language page
Baure kotipo'pin kotipo'pin inheritance See Language page
Waurá kisuwa kisuwa inheritance See Language page
Arutani araway (morphologically complex?) aɾaway (morphologically complex?) See Language page
Sape sae sae See Language page
Cha'palaa 'Φi'ba-ba See Language page
Bora tsʰɨ́sʰɨɨ-ne, tsʰɨtsʰɨ tsʰɨ́sʰɨɨ-nɛ, tsʰɨtsʰɨ inheritance See Language page
Muinane séséé-ne sέsέέ-nɛ See Language page
Akawaio aimuuknang aɪmuʔnaŋ inheritance See Language page
Apalai karimutumano karimutumano inheritance See Language page
Wayana tïkoloke tɨkoloke inheritance See Language page
Tiriyó tïkorooje tɨkorooje inheritance See Language page
Makiritare təʔkeʔne (IDS); tö'ke'ne, tö'kena:to (KH) təʔkeʔne, təʔkena:to inheritance See Language page
Mapoyo tarimu'ne tarimu'ne See Language page
Wai Wai tu-mut-we tu-mut-we inheritance See Language page
Waimiri Atroari sakra sakra See Language page
Yabarana kara'sakimu, susuh'pano See Language page
Yukpa prampa kests̺e See Language page
Kalapalo talakiñe talakiñe inheritance See Language page
Muisca pquyhiso pkɨhiso See Language page
Barí bačii; bačiini Colombia: 'bahčirə. *Chibchan form is *buLu. See Language page
Northern Emberá thoorró thoːrró See Language page
Epena tʰo'r̃oo See Language page
Guayabero pa-póe-jax inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page
Macaguan pe-pobiha inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page
Cofán totoa totoa phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra boorshi mpooɾʃi unique See Language page
Taushiro ha´anta haʔanta See Language page
Páez chime tʃime See Language page
Tikuna comũx [1, 5] komɨ̃ʔ unique See Language page
Urarina somahaj somahaj unique See Language page
Camsa bxántse bxántse See Language page
Andoke po'te, pó- poʔte, pó- unique See Language page
Pumé bȩrȩbȩrȩá See Language page
Puinave #NAME? #NAME? unique See Language page
Máku kaləmate kaləmate See Language page
Warao hoko (any shade of light color) hoko (any shade of light coloɾ) See Language page
Ashuar púju, sháaram puxu, ʃa:ram See Language page
Huambisa puju puxu See Language page
Aguaruna chamíg tʃamíng inheritance See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect hawak unique See Language page
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect hawak See Language page
Matses ushu uʃu inheritance See Language page
Kakataibo oṣ̌o *Panoan *oṣ̌o. See Language page
Katukina hošo- See Language page
Pacahuara 'hoṣ̌o d'Orb ošo. See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo hoṣ̌o See Language page
Yaminahua oṣ̌o See Language page
Chácobo hoṣ̌o hoṣ̌o inheritance See Language page
Yagua japaru- xaparu unique See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua yura juɾa See Language page
Ingá iura, lanku (Spanish loan) iura, lanku (Spaniʃ loan) See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua ruyaj ɾujax See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano yuraq yuɾaq See Language page
Piaroa tea'a teaʔa inheritance See Language page
Sáliva dea dea inheritance See Language page
Bará bu'ti See Language page
Barasano boti-se boti-se See Language page
Carapana botirije bɔtiɾixɛ See Language page
Makuna boti-rise boti-rise inheritance See Language page
Yuruti bóti bóti See Language page
Waikhana jeʔ'se-ri jeʔ'se-ri See Language page
Tanimuca bo'ia; bo'ia i'taka bo'ia; bo'ia i'taka inheritance See Language page
Tatuyo bo'tí- bo'tí- See Language page
Tuyuka bu'ti buʔti See Language page
Waimaja botʰíři botʰíri See Language page
Siona po; pohei-hi po; pohei-hi inheritance See Language page
Secoya poja'ico po'haʔikɔ See Language page
Karitiana pok pok unknown See Language page
Kokama tini (to be white) tini inheritance See Language page
Wayampi sĩ; yu sĩ; ju inheritance; unique See Language page
Aché iǰu inheritance See Language page
Chiriguano tĩi inheritance See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní morotĩ See Language page
Sirionó ešĩ ešĩ inheritance See Language page
Kamayurá tsiŋ̟̟̟ tsiŋ̟̟̟ inheritance See Language page
Ocaina furááñ̵a ɸɯrã́ã́ɲa unique See Language page
Nɨpode Witoto úte-re-de útɛ-rɛ-dɛ See Language page
Minica Witoto úθe-re-de úθɛ-rɛ-dɛ See Language page
Murui Witoto uθe-re-de uθɛ-rɛ-dɛ inheritance/Witotoan See Language page
Iquito musútina musútina inheritance See Language page
Záparo ushicha uʃiʧa See Language page
Wari towoʔ towoʔ See Language page
Araona amae; apaha *Tacn form is *paśa-. See Language page
Ese Ejja #NAME? loan Panoan See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo oše oše See Language page
Tacana pasa-ne See Language page
Cavineña paha-da; paha-ya (G71) paha-da; paha-ya (G71) inheritance See Language page
Central Aymara janq´o xanḳˀu See Language page
Cayuvava pa'boreha; ya'boreha; ra-bore See Language page
Itonama rapɨhna See Language page
Kwazá ha?ỹ-, hakuty- ha?ỹ-, hakuty- See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané haiʔ'batč; haiʔ'bas See Language page
Movima ta-βoh ta-βoh See Language page
Trumai tsi-tore tsi-tore unique See Language page
Kaingang kupri kupri See Language page
Canela ĩĩ-prõ *Jê form is *prõ. See Language page
Karajá ura See Language page
Djeoromitxi känõrü kǝnõrø See Language page
Chipaya čiwi See Language page
Mocoví y-alagaḳ Also l-alagaʁ-aik, 'prefix-white-adj (masc)'. See Language page
Pilagá y-apagaḳ See Language page
Toba y-apagaḳ; l-apagaʁ-aik See Language page
Lengua #NAME? See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité #NAME? See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet akmopoyˀ; pak See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay pe'lah See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja lemiʔ See Language page
Maca foʔ Cf. 'meal, flour' 05.550. See Language page
Nivaclé klim white https://ids.clld.org/
Ayoreo 'pororo-i; 'pororo See Language page
Mapudungun liɣ Ranquel form is pɨlan. See Language page
Qawasqar aḳyefḳyar SpC records ekefkar; Sk, Bo, SpC record yekapeskar for Central QWS. Fi, Hy, SpS record akefkar for South QWS. See Language page
Selknam ṣòʔl See Language page
Tehuelche 'or- See Language page
Lokono halhiran haɽiɾan white Pet 1987:377
Kariña tamune tamune white Yamada 2010:808