Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

rope/string

Semantic Field: culture
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: mecate, cuerda, soga
Meaning Portuguese: corda

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Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Etymology Notes	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	General Notes	Source

Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Etymology Notes	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	General Notes	Source
Achagua	éenaʒuʃi	éenaʒuʃi		inheritance										See Language page
Aché		pawa		unknown										See Language page
Aguaruna	daék	daɨk		inheritance										See Language page
Akawaio	eesekkwa	e'sɛʔkwa		inheritance			Pemongan							See Language page
Andoke	kõno (cord) (RW52)			unique										See Language page
Apalai	amity, eary	amitɨ, earɨ		inheritance										See Language page
Arabana	mati			inheritance
Araona		bado; misa											The former also means 'string'. The latter is twisted bark. Tacn form is bado.	See Language page
Ashuar	náek, yárang	naɨk, jaraŋ												See Language page
Ayoreo		'enuei; ča'ge-n̥ai											The latter is 'braided rope'. 'Lasso' is 'enuhe-n̥ai; 'feather rope' is ibota'ye.	See Language page
Baniwa	iiñáda, pápi	iiɲáda, pápi		inheritance										See Language page
Bankalachi Toloim	yu'-wil		cord or rope	inheritance	*wik-	Uto-Aztecan				Stubbs 2011 1843	other complex			Merriam 49:191
Bankalachi Toloim	yu'-wil 191			inheritance
Barasano	bĩsĩ-bã́, hũ gɨbo	bĩsĩ-bã́, hũ gɨbo												See Language page
Bardi	mirrij	mirrij		inheritance
Bare	isíma	isíma												See Language page
Bará		-da												See Language page
Barí		kaaḳšibu; bwaisaɨg											Colombia: š'danə.	See Language page
Baure	ni-'ro-	ni-'ro-		unknown										See Language page
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone	wisun		string	inheritance	*wika	Uto-Aztecan				Stubbs 2011 1843	simplex			Miller 1972
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone	tymukkun, tuhmun (Cherry Creek)			inheritance
Bora	kʷáápʸaï, pʰátoʔxɨ	kʷáápʸaɯ, pʰátoʔxɨ		inheritance										See Language page
Bunuba	[missing]			missing
Burarra	wajipa			unknown
Cahuilla	kawi-ve		string, cord	unknown						This may have the *wi root; Merriam has witch-oot 'thread of plant fiber' 48:341	derived			Seiler & Hioki 1979
Cahuilla	7uwish			inheritance										Mamet 08
Cahuilla	7uwish			inheritance										Mamet 08
Camsa	biá-xa	biá-xa												See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra	yago	janko		unique										See Language page
Canela		pye												See Language page
Carapana	'híjá-rí-ká-wẽ	'híjá-rí-ká-wẽ												See Language page
Carijona	ewarɨ			inheritance										See Language page
Cavineña	jiru (C&L89)	hiru		unknown										See Language page
Cayuvava		ǰikiβa; ɲohe												See Language page
Central Aymara	t´isuna	wiska												See Language page
Central Sierra Miwok	kúš:ily-		string	unique							simplex			Freedland & Broadbent 1960
Central Sierra Miwok	kush:ily-			unknown
Central Sierra Miwok	kush:ily-			unknown
Cha'palaa		'kabu-'čuwa											-čuwa also occurs on: 'vein' 04.151; 'belt' 06.570; 'chain' 09.180; 'sling' 20.230.	See Language page
Chemehuevi	tunapY		thread, string (p. 45)	unknown						Southern Numic only; Stubbs 2011 1841	other complex			Harrington Chemehuevi Noun List (K. Hill 1969)
Chemehuevi	uru/mp(i)			unknown
Chemehuevi	uru/mp(i)			unknown
Chipaya		ḳoxč											Uru-J form is ḳoxč. Also kˀaya, a tightly braided rope. A rope used for measuring is eḳa. Rope made of straw is ḳaru. Rope with four 'caitos' is molukˀu. R. with five 'caitos' is šḳata. R. with eight 'caitos' is tika; tikḳoč. A 'caito' is a braided rope o	See Language page
Chiriguano		sã; tɨmãsa		inheritance										See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja		niyek (f.)												See Language page
Chumash Barbareno	skin'it	skën'ët' Ono 1996:47	string, cord	unknown						toq' string, thread (probably < milkweed)	simplex			Beeler 1978:186
Chumash Barbareno	s-kyn'yt'			inheritance										wash 2001:60
Chumash Barbareno	s-kyn'yt'			inheritance										wash 2001:60
Chumash Ineseno	miyaš		string, twine	inheritance		Proto-Central Chumash				also pox 'line, cord' 474 (CB pox is 'cactus, mescal' -- is this agave fiber?	derived			Applegate 1972
Chumash Ineseno	skynyt'			inheritance										A 241
Chumash Obispeno	tlaxpil		la cuerda (might be sinew)	unknown						copy of Fages	simplex			Harrington
Chumash Obispeno	yak'ishaqshi7 “our rope”			unknown										Klar 1980:91
Chumash Ventureno	mijaš		cord	inheritance		Proto-Central Chumash					derived	miy 'to make cord' + RSLT		Mamet 2008
Chumash Ventureno	sutine/t “mecate”			unknown										B67:64
Chácobo	niši	niši		inheritance/loan into protolg			Tacanan řisi 'tie' (Girard71)							See Language page
Cocopa	xkWa:		string used in making blankets	unknown							simplex			Crawford 1989
Cocopa	yu7a/r			inheritance
Cofán	simba'fa	simbaʔɸa											phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS	See Language page
Comanche	tyyhtama7		string, yarn, ties	unknown						Central Numic only word for 'tie'; Stubbs 2011 2335	compound	wyhtama7 to bale, bundle		R
Comanche	wiyaa7 (in pahki wiyaa7 “rawhide rope”)			inheritance
Cubeo	boca, cainime (both generic terms); cõenó vaivéime; cuitóteme; muiñucame; odaime; tẽtume	boka, kainime (both generic terms); kõenó vaivéime; kuitóteme; muijukame; oðaime; tẽtume		unique; doubtful loan, direction unknown			Tariana kamájana							See Language page
Cuiva		bú-maka, pe-mɨ́-to												See Language page
Cupeño	wish		bowstring, willow fiber	inheritance	*wik-tiwa	Uto-Aztecan				Stubbs 2011 1843	other complex			Hill & Nolasquez 1973
Cupeño	wichu'e-t	[witʃuɁət]		inheritance
Desano	pũ gubu	pũ gubu		inheritance										See Language page
Dhangu	malka			unknown
Dhuwal	wuthirri
Dhuwala	guwal			unknown
Diyari	yinka			inheritance
DiyariREU	mati			loan			Arabana
Djambarrpuyngu	wuthirri			unknown
Djapu	[missing]			missing
Djeoromitxi	hokä	hokǝ												See Language page
Djinang	muṉḏaṉ			unknown
Dâw	tit	tit		inheritance										See Language page
Epena		hɨ̃-'kʰara											Means 'vine', lit. 'tie-plant'. 'Twine' is čɨ; 'tumpline (head strap) is hau'čira 'bark'.	See Language page
Ese Ejja		xono		unknown										See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo	ato; xono; baa-xono (Girard 1971)	ato; xono; baa-xono												See Language page
Esselen	missing			missing
Eñepa	awa; warara (IDS)	awa; warara (IDS)		inheritance										See Language page
Gabrielino	we-vor	wi:vor 'milkweed' H492	thread, cord, rope	inheritance	*wika	Uto-Aztecan				Stubbs 2011 1843; this odd development shared with Kitanemuk	other complex			Merriam 49:103
Gabrielino	we/-vor /wivo-r/JHH			inheritance										CHM/MC245
Gajirrabeng	ngelang			inheritance
Gooniyandi	[missing]			missing
Guayabero	mɨa-t			inheritance			Proto-Guahiban							See Language page
Gupapuyngu	guwal
Gurindji	muntiri			unique
Hodï	ulike			unique										See Language page
Huambisa	naek	naɨk												See Language page
Hup	tɨ́t (cord, vine)	tɨ́t (cord, vine)		inheritance										See Language page
Ignaciano		enure												See Language page
Iipay 'Aa	missing			missing
Iipay 'Aa	hellytay	[xəɬʸˈtai]		unknown
Ingá	waska	waska												See Language page
Iquito	iiyɨ'ɨ, in'++qui	iijɨ'ɨ, in'ɨɨki		inheritance; unknown										See Language page
Itonama		mospiko, mospiku											Leather rope is wakapi.	See Language page
Jaru	wirriji			inheritance
Kaingang	vãfe	ṣ̌eya; wãΦe												See Language page
Kakataibo		nisi											mɨṣ̌i 'bowstring'; ic̷i 'rope made of twisted vine'. Panoan risβiči.	See Language page
Kakua		tɨt2 [H&R]; tõp [vine]		loan			Nadahup: Hup tɨt							See Language page
Kamayurá	tupaham	tupaham		inheritance										See Language page
Karajarri	mirrilyi			doubtful loan
Karajá		reroti; lɔɨsana (?)												See Language page
Kariña	ewa	ewa	rope				Yamada 2010:734
Karitiana	takipa	takipa		unknown										See Language page
Katukina		ṣ̌oka rɨsβi												See Language page
Kawaiisu	wy7ivy		string, cord	inheritance	*wika	Uto-Aztecan				Stubbs 2011 1843	other complex	with -by "Ascleipias fascicularis"		Zigmond et al. 1990
Kawaiisu	tu7uru			unknown
Kija	ngerla-m			inheritance
Kiliwa	chuul		string, cord	unknown							simplex			Mixco 1985
Kiliwa	x7yiil “mecate” 86			inheritance
Kitanemuk	wivüč		red milkweed fiber twisted into cord, and the plant	inheritance	*wik	Uto-Aztecan				Stubbs 2011 1843; this form and Gab form are the same	other complex			Anderton 1988
Kitanemuk	wivach “fiber”			inheritance
Kokama	puatsa	puatsa		doubtful loan, direction unknown			Ocaina mõãʔša-ʔóɸɛ							See Language page
Koreguaje	pĩsime, chʉi	pĩsime, dʒʉi		inheritance										See Language page
Kotiria	~da'bo	nãʔmṍ		unique										See Language page
Kwazá	i'tsosisi	i'tsosisi												See Language page
Lake Miwok	wíttum		Indian string, bowstring, Apocynum	unique							simplex			Callaghan 1965
Lake Miwok	ciko/ote			loan
Lengua		tama												See Language page
Lokono	tetei	tetei	rope											Pet 1987:369
Luiseño	wiichut		rope, string, twine	inheritance	*wik-tiwa	Uto-Aztecan				Stubbs 2011 1843	other complex			Elliott 1999
Luiseño	wi:-cha-t, wi:-chu-t			inheritance
Maca		niyak (m.)												See Language page
Macaguan		tomɨt		inheritance			Proto-Guahiban							See Language page
Maidu	k'ùk'ú		rope, string, twine	inheritance	*k'úk'	Proto-Maiduan				Ultan 1964:364; poom 'milkweed thread' Merriam 41:277	simple			Shipley 1963
Maidu	k'uk'u/			inheritance
Maihiki	bichibɨ jã, deca ja	bitʃibɨ xã, dekã xã		inheritance										See Language page
Makiritare	āʔtoɨ (IDS)	āʔtoɨ (IDS)		inheritance										See Language page
Makuna	bĩsĩ-bã, hũ gɨbo	bĩsĩ-bã, hũ gɨbo		inheritance										See Language page
Makushi	eʔseusa (IDS)	eʔseusa (IDS)		inheritance										See Language page
Malyangapa	Mal: parlka			loan
Mangala	rupu			loan
Mapoyo	pi'bë (of hide)	pi'bɛ (of hide)												See Language page
Mapudungun		ṭ͡ʀari											Ranquel form is ṭ͡ʀay-; pɨro-; ɨkel-.	See Language page
Matses	bucu	buku		unknown										See Language page
Minica Witoto	íga.ï, ra.o	íga.ɯ, ra.o												See Language page
Miriwung	jendoong			inheritance
Mithaka	[missing]			missing
Mocoví		l-aɲik												See Language page
Mojave	7ichuukwev		rope, fishing line, yarn	unknown							derived			Munro et al. 1992
Mojave	aduly= (make a)			inheritance
Mosetén-Chimané		tĩ'dʸeʔ												See Language page
Movima	ɗaβul-čo-ɗi	ɗaβul-tʃo-ɗi												See Language page
Mudburra	mundiri
Mudburra	muntiri			unique
Muinane	gáaibaɨ (of hammock), dúuxe-yɨ	gáaibaɨ (of hammock), dúuxɛ-jɨ												See Language page
Muisca	zimne	tʂimne												See Language page
Murui Witoto	igaɨ, rao	igaɯ, rao (B83)		inheritance/Witoto										See Language page
Mutsun	ru:k		string	inheritance		Proto-Costanoan				Sta Cruz ruk 'bowstring' (Henshaw in Heizer 1955)	simplex			Okrand 1977
Mutsun	ru:k “string”			unknown										O77:136
Máku		bakiči 'corda'												See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect		tɨd		inheritance										See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua	huasca	waska												See Language page
Ngamini	yinka			inheritance
Ngandi	ma-balku			loan
Ngarluma	binyjura			unique
Ngumbarl	moongoo	<moongoo>		unknown
Nheengatu	upaçama (cf. xama), tupaçama	upasama (cf. ʃama), tupasama		inheritance										See Language page
Nhirrpi	wirni			inheritance
Nimanburru	meredj	merej		inheritance
Ninam	raithata, oramthata (EM72)	ɾaitʰata, oɾamtʰata		inheritance										See Language page
Nisenan	k'uk'		rope, string	inheritance	*k'úk'	Proto-Maiduan				Ultan 1964:364	simplex			Uldall & Shipley 1966
Nisenan	k'uk'			inheritance
Nivaclé		-niyɔk; -wankˀ-ɔkfa-xat												See Language page
Northern Emberá	dyihĩ́na, hũŋkará	dʒihĩ́na, hũŋkará												See Language page
Northern Mangarla	rupu			loan
Northern Nyangumarta	kunyjipinti			inheritance
Northern Paiute	weha		fishing line, string	inheritance	*wika	Uto-Aztecan				Stubbs 2011 1843	simplex			Yerington 1987
Northern Paiute	tygapu			inheritance										SAA 1982:42
Northern Sierra Miwok	hi:lo-		string	loan			Spanish	WW	%hilo		simplex			Callaghan 1987
Northern Sierra Miwok	ciko:te-			loan
Nukak		tããʔ2		unique										See Language page
Nyangumarta	mirrilyi			unknown
Nyulnyul	meredj	merej		inheritance
Nɨpode Witoto	íga.ï, ra.o	íga.ɯ, ra.o												See Language page
Ocaina	ñííʔoɸe, mõãʔšaʔóɸe	ɲííʔoɸɛ, mõãʔšaʔóɸɛ		unknown; doubtful loan, direction unknown			Kokama puatsa							See Language page
Paakantyi	kalpalka			unique
Pacahuara		'taška												See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní		tukuᵐbo; sã												See Language page
Paresi	olawa 'tucum'; konohi 'fio de algodão'	uˈlawa 'tucum', kunuhi 'fio de algodão'		unknown										See Language page
Pemon	ewa, esewa (A1981); itewa (M2000)	ewa, esewa (A1981)		inheritance										See Language page
Piapoco	bapìsi, íiyanási	bapìsi, íijanási												See Language page
Piaroa	a'núcoh	aɁnúsoh		unique										See Language page
Pilagá		l-aɲik												See Language page
Pirriya	kobara			unique
Pitta-Pitta	[missing]			missing
Plains Miwok	hi:la		string	loan			Spanish	WW	%hilo		simplex			Callaghan 1984
Plains Miwok	ciko:te- (Sp.)			loan
Playero		pe-mú-to												See Language page
Puinave	dɨt-ot	dɨt-ot		unique										See Language page
Pumé	kãĩ, bʊre kʊ 'rope, cord'													See Language page
Páez	wes	wes												See Language page
Qawasqar		c̷epaḳye-na											Also asaks. Gui records kapec̷elar for Central QWS.	See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano	waska	waska												See Language page
Resígaro	tshomaátshí-?o	tsʰomaátsí-ʔó		unique										See Language page
Rirratjingu	[missing]			missing
Ritharrngu	balku			inheritance
Salinan A	aso/L		cord, line, string	unknown						7ašó:l' Turner p. 101; pe-lah thread of milkweed Merriam 38:397	simplex			Mason 1918
Salinan A	aso/L (A only) “cord, line, string”			unknown
Salinan M	missing			missing
Salinan M	missing			missing
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité		tama												See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet		taamaʔ; taama kyeweyˀ; aɬaataʔaok												See Language page
Sanumá	thãi thatha, thothotho (EM72)	tʰãi tʰatʰa, tʰotʰotʰo		inheritance										See Language page
Secoya	jui 'me, pĩsi	jui 'me, pĩsi												See Language page
Selknam		atˀe												See Language page
Seri (Comcaac)	poosj		cord, string	unknown							simplex			Moser & Marlett 2005
Seri (Comcaac)	hapa/nzx (horsehair rope)			unknown
Serrano	wičua't		string	inheritance	*wik-tu7a	Uto-Aztecan				Stubbs 2011 1843	other complex			K. Hill Dict.
Serrano	qai-kwt Poss -ku7 “rope”			unknown
Shipibo-Konibo		risβi												See Language page
Sikuani		pe-máka, pe-máɨ-to		inheritance										See Language page
Siona	bisi, yëime	bisi, jɨime		inheritance										See Language page
Siriano	pṹ-gubu	pṹ-gubu												See Language page
Sirionó	esã	esã		inheritance										See Language page
Southern Paiute	tyshshavY		rope	unknown						Southern Numic only, Stubbs 2011 1844	other complex			Sapir
Southern Paiute	tyc:a-S			inheritance
Southern Pastaza Quechua	wasca	waska												See Language page
Southern Sierra Miwok	hi:loH-		string	loan			Spanish	WW	%hilo		simplex			Broadbent 1964
Southern Sierra Miwok	ciko:te			loan
Southern Ute	tamuvY		muscle, sinew, ligament, thread	inheritance	*tammu	Uto-Aztecan				the 'sinew' word; Stubbs 2011 2276	other complex			Charney
Southern Ute	savY			unknown
Suyá	kató	kató												See Language page
Sáliva	onono	onono		unique										See Language page
Tacana		tawa miða											Made of twisted vine. Also noča risi. Also rei-hihi.	See Language page
Tanimuca	dyũ'tã kã'rõã	ʎũ'tã kã'rõã		inheritance										See Language page
Tariana	kamáña, kamáyana	kamáña, kamájana		doubtful loan, direction unknown			Cubeo kainime							See Language page
Tatuyo	hi'á-ríka-wẽ	hi'á-ríka-wẽ												See Language page
Taushiro	o	o												See Language page
Tehuelche		'-oʔx-												See Language page
Tikuna	nãpanã	nãpanã		unique										See Language page
Tiriyó	ewa	ewa		inheritance										See Language page
Toba		l-aɲik												See Language page
Trinitario		ikoropi												See Language page
Trumai	(ha) sauken	(ha) sauken		unique										See Language page
Tukano	(dɨʔterí) daa, pṹ-dɨ̃bõ da	(dɨʔterí) daa, pṹ-dɨ̃bõ da		inheritance			Branch 2, E Tuk							See Language page
Tuyuka	pũũ-dɨ'pó	pũũ-dɨ'pó												See Language page
Tübatulabal	yūwil		string, buckskin thong (of Milkweed, Merriam 49:267)	inheritance	*wik	Uto-Aztecan				Stubbs 2011 1843; yu- is the 'hair' root	other complex			K. Hill Tb>Eng
Tübatulabal	tuumajuut, tyymi7at			loan
Tümpisa Shoshone	wisipin		string, thread, fish line	inheritance	*wika	Uto-Aztecan				Stubbs 2011 1843; we need a story about this /s/!	other complex			Dayley 1989
Tümpisa Shoshone	tymuhuh, tymohun			unknown
Urarina	ioḍzi	iotʃi		unique										See Language page
Wai Wai	ruuΦu	ruuΦu		unique										See Language page
Waikhana	ju'ta da	ju'ta da												See Language page
Waimaja	ñṹkʰã̀	ɲṹkʰã̀												See Language page
Waimiri Atroari	wa'	waʔ												See Language page
Walmajarri	juntu			inheritance
Wangkayutyuru	wampiri			unique
Waorani	gægĩka-bẽ			unique										See Language page
Wapishana	ẓuupʰa	ẓuupʰa		unknown										See Language page
Wappo	THéTi		cord, rope	inheritance		Proto-Yukian					simplex			Elmendorf 1993
Wappo	The/Ti “cord”			loan into protolanguage										E1993
Wari	makon (makorišiʔ)	makon (makoriʃiʔ)											Also means 'vine' 08.670.	See Language page
Washo	7išdïlíŋ		string	unknown							unknown	looks non-canonical but I can't find elements		Washo Project Dictionary
Washo	bec'ílsiʔ			unknown										Washo Project
Waurá	#NAME?	#NAME?		unknown										See Language page
Wayampi	kulawa	kulawa		unique										See Language page
Wayana	mëtëhem	mǝtǝhem		unique										See Language page
Wayuu		ehita-waa												See Language page
Western Mono	wisibi		string, thread, milkweed	inheritance	*wika	Uto-Aztecan				Stubbs 2011 1843	other complex			Loether & Bethel 1993
Western Mono	ty/ga/pO			inheritance
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay		i-nah'yit												See Language page
Wintu	su:pi		string, twine	unknown							derived	sup 'unravel		Schlichter 1981
Wintu	dolumes			inheritance?
Wubuy	maburr			inheritance
Yabarana		ta:seti												See Language page
Yagua	judiju	xũdixũ		unique										See Language page
Yaminahua		niši											Also means 'vine' 08.670.	See Language page
Yan-nhangu	balku			inheritance
Yandruwandha	wirni			inheritance
Yanomam	ãsitʰa (IDS), natha, thok nak (EM72)	ãsitʰa (IDS), natʰa, tʰok nak		inheritance										See Language page
Yanomami	ãsitha	ãsitʰa		inheritance										See Language page
Yarluyandi	[missing]			missing
Yavapai	7û:li		string	unknown							simplex			Shaterian 1983
Yavapai	?u^:li “string”, yu_:l “rope made of cowhide”			inheritance
Yavitero	c̷ima-naha	¢ima-naha												See Language page
Yawarrawarrka	wini			inheritance
Yawuru	mirrilyi	mirrilyi		inheritance
Yine		c̷a											Also means 'string'. Piro-Apuriná form is c̷a.	See Language page
Yokuts Palewyami	c'ekiy'	č' (JPH)	string	inheritance		Proto-Yokutsan				Whistler & Golla 343	simplex			Gamble 1991
Yokuts Yawdanchi	cax	c is sh	milkweed, string-fiber	unknown							simplex			Kroeber 1907
Yokuts Yawelmani	c'ikey		string	inheritance	*ch'ik-	Proto-Nim-Yokuts					derived			Golla 1964
Yokuts Yowlumne	tc'ikei “cord, string” (c'ikey W&G)			inheritance										K 1963
Yuhup	tɨt	tɨt												See Language page
Yuki	TiT (THíTH in Elmendorf 1993)		rope, string	inheritance	*tit	Proto-Yukian				see Wappo form	simplex			Schlichter 1985
Yuki	TiT			loan into protolanguage										S&S 1984
Yukpa	mejena, mekate, misine	mehena, mekate, misine												See Language page
Yukuna	íñeji	íɲehi		inheritance										See Language page
Yuruti	u'páda	u'páda												See Language page
Záparo	iyawka	ijawka												See Language page


Achagua
Aché
Aguaruna
Akawaio
Andoke
Apalai
Arabana
Araona
Ashuar
Ayoreo
Baniwa
Bankalachi Toloim
Bankalachi Toloim
Barasano
Bardi
Bare
Bará
Barí
Baure
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Bora
Bunuba
Burarra
Cahuilla
Cahuilla
Cahuilla
Camsa
Candoshi-Shapra
Canela
Carapana
Carijona
Cavineña
Cayuvava
Central Aymara
Central Sierra Miwok
Central Sierra Miwok
Central Sierra Miwok
Cha'palaa
Chemehuevi
Chemehuevi
Chemehuevi
Chipaya
Chiriguano
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Ineseno
Chumash Ineseno
Chumash Obispeno
Chumash Obispeno
Chumash Ventureno
Chumash Ventureno
Chácobo
Cocopa
Cocopa
Cofán
Comanche
Comanche
Cubeo
Cuiva
Cupeño
Cupeño
Desano
Dhangu
Dhuwal
Dhuwala
Diyari
DiyariREU
Djambarrpuyngu
Djapu
Djeoromitxi
Djinang
Dâw
Epena
Ese Ejja
Ese Ejja/Huarayo
Esselen
Eñepa
Gabrielino
Gabrielino
Gajirrabeng
Gooniyandi
Guayabero
Gupapuyngu
Gurindji
Hodï
Huambisa
Hup
Ignaciano
Iipay 'Aa
Iipay 'Aa
Ingá
Iquito
Itonama
Jaru
Kaingang
Kakataibo
Kakua
Kamayurá
Karajarri
Karajá
Kariña
Karitiana
Katukina
Kawaiisu
Kawaiisu
Kija
Kiliwa
Kiliwa
Kitanemuk
Kitanemuk
Kokama
Koreguaje
Kotiria
Kwazá
Lake Miwok
Lake Miwok
Lengua
Lokono
Luiseño
Luiseño
Maca
Macaguan
Maidu
Maidu
Maihiki
Makiritare
Makuna
Makushi
Malyangapa
Mangala
Mapoyo
Mapudungun
Matses
Minica Witoto
Miriwung
Mithaka
Mocoví
Mojave
Mojave
Mosetén-Chimané
Movima
Mudburra
Mudburra
Muinane
Muisca
Murui Witoto
Mutsun
Mutsun
Máku
Nadëb/Roçado dialect
Napo Lowland Quichua
Ngamini
Ngandi
Ngarluma
Ngumbarl
Nheengatu
Nhirrpi
Nimanburru
Ninam
Nisenan
Nisenan
Nivaclé
Northern Emberá
Northern Mangarla
Northern Nyangumarta
Northern Paiute
Northern Paiute
Northern Sierra Miwok
Northern Sierra Miwok
Nukak
Nyangumarta
Nyulnyul
Nɨpode Witoto
Ocaina
Paakantyi
Pacahuara
Paraguayan Guaraní
Paresi
Pemon
Piapoco
Piaroa
Pilagá
Pirriya
Pitta-Pitta
Plains Miwok
Plains Miwok
Playero
Puinave
Pumé
Páez
Qawasqar
Quechua Ayacuchano
Resígaro
Rirratjingu
Ritharrngu
Salinan A
Salinan A
Salinan M
Salinan M
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet
Sanumá
Secoya
Selknam
Seri (Comcaac)
Seri (Comcaac)
Serrano
Serrano
Shipibo-Konibo
Sikuani
Siona
Siriano
Sirionó
Southern Paiute
Southern Paiute
Southern Pastaza Quechua
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Ute
Southern Ute
Suyá
Sáliva
Tacana
Tanimuca
Tariana
Tatuyo
Taushiro
Tehuelche
Tikuna
Tiriyó
Toba
Trinitario
Trumai
Tukano
Tuyuka
Tübatulabal
Tübatulabal
Tümpisa Shoshone
Tümpisa Shoshone
Urarina
Wai Wai
Waikhana
Waimaja
Waimiri Atroari
Walmajarri
Wangkayutyuru
Waorani
Wapishana
Wappo
Wappo
Wari
Washo
Washo
Waurá
Wayampi
Wayana
Wayuu
Western Mono
Western Mono
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay
Wintu
Wintu
Wubuy
Yabarana
Yagua
Yaminahua
Yan-nhangu
Yandruwandha
Yanomam
Yanomami
Yarluyandi
Yavapai
Yavapai
Yavitero
Yawarrawarrka
Yawuru
Yine
Yokuts Palewyami
Yokuts Yawdanchi
Yokuts Yawelmani
Yokuts Yowlumne
Yuhup
Yuki
Yuki
Yukpa
Yukuna
Yuruti
Záparo

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