Language | Orthographic Form | Phonemicized Form | Gloss as in Source | Etymology Code | Proto-Form | Proto-Language | Loan Source | Wanderwort Status | Etyma Set | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Source |
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Language | Orthographic Form | Phonemicized Form | Gloss as in Source | Etymology Code | Proto-Form | Proto-Language | Loan Source | Wanderwort Status | Etyma Set | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Source |
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Achagua | ká:lí | ká:lí | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Aché | aǰu bučã | unique | See Language page | |||||||||
Aguaruna | tsuwát, wapík | tsuwat, wapik | unique; inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Akawaio | iigöpa (v.), teembadaiguuknang (dirty-faced, adj.), iigöpazak (dirty object, n.) | I'göpa (v.), tembadaɪ'guʔnaŋ (dirty-faced, adj.), I'göpazak (dirty object, n.) | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect | ɤri | ɤri | See Language page | |||||||||
Andoke | so | so | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
Apalai | taputapume, xikurome | taputapume, xikurome | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Arabana | jankatara | unique | ||||||||||
Araona | azalo; boso | See Language page | ||||||||||
Ashuar | kúnta, pakuí, shungkát | kunta, pakui, ʃuŋkat | See Language page | |||||||||
Ayoreo | oo'poii; oo'poii-a | Also topi'e-n̥a-i; topi'e-n̥a 15.630. | See Language page | |||||||||
Baniwa | dowhénaa | dowhénaa | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
Barasano | ɨe-se, ɨe-ri hai- | ɨe-se, ɨe-ri hai- | See Language page | |||||||||
Bardi | ngoonyba | ngunyba | inheritance | |||||||||
Bará | ĩ'rĩ | See Language page | ||||||||||
Barí | baidaani | Colombia: baygdaninə. | See Language page | |||||||||
Baure | topop'kon | topop'kon | unknown | See Language page | ||||||||
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone | tucca | inheritance | ||||||||||
Bora | iinʸḯ-βá-ne, ḯtííkʰʸïḯ, neʔni | iinʲɯ́-βá-nɛ, ɯ́tííkʰʲɯ̃ɯ, nɛʔni | inheritance | cf. 'earth' | See Language page | |||||||
Bunuba | [missing] | missing | ||||||||||
Burarra | birninyja | unknown | ||||||||||
Cahuilla | selya/xama | loan | S&H 1979 | |||||||||
Camsa | tsénga, tsengá | tsénga, tsengá | See Language page | |||||||||
Candoshi-Shapra | tsaróná | tsaɾona | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
Canela | rɔp | *Jê form is *rɔp. | See Language page | |||||||||
Carapana | ɨ'gé-rí | ɨ'gé-rí | See Language page | |||||||||
Carijona | tukuise | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
Cavineña | asika-da-ke; asika-ni; seki- | asika-da-ke; asika-ni; seki- | inheritance | cf. Chacobo čɨkɨ | See Language page | |||||||
Cayuvava | ramoha ~ ramohe | See Language page | ||||||||||
Central Aymara | q´añu | ḳˀaɲu | See Language page | |||||||||
Central Sierra Miwok | ku/l:uTu- | inheritance | ||||||||||
Cha'palaa | tu 'ma'yii; 'a'tata-; ['ku'či]-nu | See Language page | ||||||||||
Chemehuevi | tuca/-ga(i) V | inheritance | ||||||||||
Chipaya | loč; lop-; ṣ̌oxr- | 'Dirty (skin or clothes)' is kʰaɲa. | See Language page | |||||||||
Chiriguano | kɨʔa | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja | -taxloxli; -taxaʔ | See Language page | ||||||||||
Chumash Barbareno | taqaq | unknown | Beeler 1978 | |||||||||
Chumash Ineseno | nujich, 7uqsh-nuj “dirt” | inheritance | Klar 1977:82 | |||||||||
Chumash Obispeno | shishnuju “to get dirty” | inheritance | Klar 1977:82 | |||||||||
Chumash Ventureno | chHupuch | unknown | JPH | |||||||||
Chácobo | čɨkɨ | čɨkɨ | doubtful loan | Tacanan | See Language page | |||||||
Cocopa | 7i:ma/T | inheritance | ||||||||||
Cofán | ámunde'tssi | amɯndɛʔtshi | phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS | See Language page | ||||||||
Comanche | nasysya7eety :dirty” | unique | ||||||||||
Cubeo | docʉcʉco (f.); docʉcʉcʉ (m.); docʉcʉrõ (inan.) | dokɨkɨko (f.); dokɨkɨkɨ (m.); dokɨkɨɾõ (inan.) | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Cuiva | tsórei, axuíra | sucio, dirty | Huber & Reed 1992:340 | |||||||||
Cupeño | silynyina-yax | [siʎˈɲinəyax] | inheritance | |||||||||
Desano | gᵾhraricᵾri | gɨʔɾaɾikɨɾi | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
Dhangu | [missing] | missing | ||||||||||
Dhuwal | [missing] | missing | ||||||||||
Dhuwala | [missing] | missing | ||||||||||
Diyari | tertieli | unique | ||||||||||
DiyariREU | tertieli | unique | ||||||||||
Djambarrpuyngu | [missing] | missing | ||||||||||
Djapu | [missing] | missing | ||||||||||
Djeoromitxi | katorü | katorø | See Language page | |||||||||
Djinang | midjirri | unknown | ||||||||||
Dâw | tâáw’ [sujeiro], dʉy [person, color shade], çik [things] | tǝ̌w' (dirt), dɨj (dirty person, dark color), cik (dirty object) | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Epena | hai'kʰoo; me'mee | 'Moldy' or 'stained' is ha'yoo; 'tʰãu. | See Language page | |||||||||
Ese Ejja | -hewi; -šexe | unique | See Language page | |||||||||
Ese Ejja/Huarayo | kia-sewe | kia-sewe | See Language page | |||||||||
Eñepa | tɨpuru-ke (IDS) | tɨpuru-ke (IDS) | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Gabrielino | CHM ta--ho/-vit /teho/vit/ | unknown | ||||||||||
Gajirrabeng | X | |||||||||||
Gooniyandi | [missing] | missing | ||||||||||
Gupapuyngu | [missing] | missing | ||||||||||
Gurindji | nyunal | unique | ||||||||||
Hodï | waleiʰte | unique | See Language page | |||||||||
Huambisa | wapik | wapik | See Language page | |||||||||
Hup | titíʔ, j'ǎw' | titíʔ, ɟ'ǎw' | unique; inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Ignaciano | tičipeʔa; 'maeperahi | See Language page | ||||||||||
Iipay 'Aa | taketak | [takəˈtaq] | unknown | |||||||||
Ingá | mapa | mapa | See Language page | |||||||||
Iquito | iyɨ'ɨtina, sucuarána | ijɨ'ɨtina, sukuarána | unknown | See Language page | ||||||||
Jaru | bundiyani | unique | ||||||||||
Kabiyari | pit̪a ('dirt') | pit̪a ('dirt') | See Language page | |||||||||
Kaingang | kavẽj | kawɛy; kawiŋwɛy; kɨŋwɛy | See Language page | |||||||||
Kakataibo | mɨ'paski-ti | mɨ'taru-ti (dial.) 'to dirty the hands'. | See Language page | |||||||||
Kakua | kej3hɨ̃b-dĩ4 [H&R] | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
Kalapalo | ifutugu | ifutugu | unknown | See Language page | ||||||||
Kamayurá | ɨwpap (M2000) | ɨwpap (M2000) | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Karajarri | yurli | unknown | ||||||||||
Karajá | isuisu | See Language page | ||||||||||
Kariña | sisime | sisime | dirty | Courtz 2007:371 | ||||||||
Karitiana | ẽm | ẽm | unknown | See Language page | ||||||||
Katukina | ṣ̌ošṣ̌a-(pa) | See Language page | ||||||||||
Kawaiisu | tocaa-ga-dy “dirty person or thing” | inheritance | ||||||||||
Kija | manpuluwulu | unique | ||||||||||
Kiliwa | xpil | inheritance | ||||||||||
Kitanemuk | cukwavy-c “dirt, grime” (and is a vb) | inheritance | ||||||||||
Kokama | charu | tʃaru | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
Koreguaje | si'si | siʔsi | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Kotiria | wete tira (Waltz) | wete tiɾa (Waltz) | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
Kwazá | hoho- | hoho- | See Language page | |||||||||
Lake Miwok | huwu/mnaka | unknown | ||||||||||
Lengua | #NAME? | See Language page | ||||||||||
Lokono | ereben | eɾeben | dirty | Pet 1987:355 | ||||||||
Luiseño | kwila/li- “to make dirty” | inheritance | ||||||||||
Maca | #NAME? | See Language page | ||||||||||
Macaguan | ʧɨbí | unknown | See Language page | |||||||||
Maidu | 7o/jc'ej | inheritance | ||||||||||
Maihiki | doquɨ ja | dokɨ jã | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Makiritare | nossahe (IDS) | nossahe (IDS) | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
Makuna | ʉe-rise | ɨe-ɾise | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Makushi | koron; nora (IDS) | koron; nora (IDS) | unique; inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Malyangapa | [missing] | missing | ||||||||||
Mangala | puruly | unknown | ||||||||||
Mapudungun | poθ | Ranquel form is porŋe-. | See Language page | |||||||||
Matses | bëchish | bɨtʃiʃ | unknown | See Language page | ||||||||
Minica Witoto | ï.áï-re-de | ɯ.áɯ-rɛ-dɛ | See Language page | |||||||||
Miriwung | langgen | unique | ||||||||||
Mithaka | [missing] | missing | ||||||||||
Mocoví | n-apioʔo | See Language page | ||||||||||
Mojave | 7amat= “dirty, muddy”, hapel= “unwashed” | inheritance | ||||||||||
Mosetén-Chimané | aʔ'tči | Cf. 'stinking' 15.260. | See Language page | |||||||||
Movima | čo-es-ni | tʃo-es-ni | See Language page | |||||||||
Mudburra | jurdurdu | |||||||||||
Mudburra | jurdurrdu | inheritance | ||||||||||
Muinane | xííni-βa-no, béé-βa-no, mɨ́ʔɨni-βa-no, ɨ́díkku-no | xííni-βa-no, bέέ-βa-no, mɨ́ʔɨni-βa-no, ɨ́díkku-no | See Language page | |||||||||
Muisca | amuyhyzen mague | amuɨhɨzen maγe | See Language page | |||||||||
Murui Witoto | jeare | hɛarɛ (B83) | inheritance/Witoto | See Language page | ||||||||
Mutsun | yu:mus “filth” | inheritance | O77:61 | |||||||||
Nadëb/Roçado dialect | tǝ:w | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
Napo Lowland Quichua | mapa, jiriza | mapa, xiridza | See Language page | |||||||||
Ngamini | parda | unique | ||||||||||
Ngandi | burnurrk | inheritance | ||||||||||
Ngarluma | kurnturrkurru | unique | ||||||||||
Ngumbarl | boondoor | <boondoor> | semantic shift | |||||||||
Nheengatu | kiá | kia | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Nhirrpi | palamindyi | unique | ||||||||||
Nimanburru | ŋōnbe | ŋōnbe | inheritance | |||||||||
Ninam | šami (EM72) | ʃami | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Nisenan | k'awdyk “make full of dirt” | inheritance | ||||||||||
Nivaclé | sas; saȼˀaʔs; šekley | dirty, soiled | https://ids.clld.org/ | |||||||||
Northern Emberá | mititía | mititía | See Language page | |||||||||
Northern Mangarla | jurnpul | |||||||||||
Northern Nyangumarta | lanta | inheritance | ||||||||||
Northern Paiute | totsa7a | inheritance | Thornes 03:249 | |||||||||
Northern Sierra Miwok | wali:t-y- | inheritance | ||||||||||
Nukak | kei2hɨm4 | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
Nyangumarta | 4397 | inheritance | ||||||||||
Nyikina | ngalkoorroo XXngl dirty, sweaty-smelling | ngalkurru XXngl dirj, sweaj-smelling | unknown | |||||||||
Nyulnyul | ŋōnbe | ŋōnbe | inheritance | |||||||||
Nɨpode Witoto | ï.áï-re-de | ɯ.áɯ-rɛ-dɛ | See Language page | |||||||||
Ocaina | áánm̈a; ahvóóhxo; ñááhun | ããm:a; aʔβóóʔxo; ɲááʔɯ̃ | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
Paakantyi | 768 | unique | ||||||||||
Paraguayan Guaraní | kɨʔa | See Language page | ||||||||||
Paresi | kaiyaxa | kaijaʃa | unknown | See Language page | ||||||||
Pemon | aware, narik, piron saru, ekepasak, apimuman, tavapan (A1981); ye'ko'pasak (M2000) | awaɾe, naɾik, piɾon saɾu, ekepasak, apimuman, tavapan (A1981) | unique; inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Piapoco | casaquèeri | kasakèeri | See Language page | |||||||||
Piaroa | i'dikua'a' (K76) | iʔdikuaʔaʔ | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Pilagá | ankiɬpaisakmoi | See Language page | ||||||||||
Pirriya | [missing] | missing | ||||||||||
Pitta-Pitta | [missing] | missing | ||||||||||
Playero | a-xuíra | See Language page | ||||||||||
Puinave | [-'ha-pi + bak] | ha-pi + bak | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
Pumé | ingȩrȩchiá | See Language page | ||||||||||
Páez | cjŭch | kxjŭtʃ | See Language page | |||||||||
Qawasqar | ḳʰayel | Also means 'used'. | See Language page | |||||||||
Quechua Ayacuchano | qacha, qamra | qatʃa, qamɾa | See Language page | |||||||||
Rirratjingu | [missing] | missing | ||||||||||
Ritharrngu | X | missing | ||||||||||
Salinan A | cho:/wUne7 or khtr7o:/ne | unknown | (Turner 1980:72) | |||||||||
Salinan M | missing | missing | ||||||||||
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité | haɬ; akpaasyaamˀ | Also alpaysamaekɬoo; alak. | See Language page | |||||||||
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet | ošta; kɨras; taro | See Language page | ||||||||||
Sanumá | tsami (EM72) | tsami | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Secoya | si'sio | siʔsiɔ | See Language page | |||||||||
Selknam | čalki | See Language page | ||||||||||
Seri (Comcaac) | haac hapa/spx “ugly, dirty” | unknown | ||||||||||
Serrano | tYnA7n-k | unique | R&E2000:503 | |||||||||
Shipibo-Konibo | etubi; e'kia; eronei̯ | See Language page | ||||||||||
Sikuani | a-xuíra | inheritance | Sik-Cuiva-Playero group | See Language page | ||||||||
Siona | si'si | siʔsi | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Siriano | giʔrá-ri-kɨ | giʔrá-ri-kɨ | See Language page | |||||||||
Sirionó | ači; aði-da | ači; aði-da | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
Southern Pastaza Quechua | turu | tuɾu | See Language page | |||||||||
Southern Sierra Miwok | jo:tok- | inheritance | ||||||||||
Southern Ute | paasana-; | inheritance | ||||||||||
Suyá | tɨk – čí | tɨk – čí | See Language page | |||||||||
Sáliva | llequihãjĩã | ʤekʷihãhĩã | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Tacana | n-šipaʁan | See Language page | ||||||||||
Tanimuca | ka'i-ka | kaʔi-ka | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
Tariana | kapisíte | kapisíte | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Tatuyo | ɨ'gérí | ɨ'gérí | See Language page | |||||||||
Taushiro | ayo ontu' | ajo onduʔ | See Language page | |||||||||
Tehuelche | 'tˀārtˀš- | See Language page | ||||||||||
Tikuna | eʔe | eʔe | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
Tiriyó | tïkuije | tɨkuije | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Toba | n-šipaʁan | See Language page | ||||||||||
Trinitario | -koʔča | See Language page | ||||||||||
Trumai | enɨ enɨ | enɨ enɨ | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
Tukano | ũʔîro, ũʔîri | ũʔîro, ũʔîri | inheritance | Carib | See Language page | |||||||
Tuyuka | hũĩ'rĩ́ | hũĩʔrĩ́ | See Language page | |||||||||
Tübatulabal | tukuupish-yt “be or become -” | inheritance | ||||||||||
Tümpisa Shoshone | tuttsaappyh | inheritance | ||||||||||
Urarina | lanąąha | lanããha | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
Wai Wai | tu-smu-y | tu-smu-y | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
Waikhana | we'te ti- | we'te ti- | See Language page | |||||||||
Waimaja | õ'wẽ́dĩ́ | õʔwẽ́dĩ́ | See Language page | |||||||||
Waimiri Atroari | tykoxinja | tɨkoʃiŋa | See Language page | |||||||||
Wangkayutyuru | mayimayi | unique | ||||||||||
Waorani | wẽ-ta-bõ [='black'] | unique | See Language page | |||||||||
Wapishana | kaniɽibaʔu | kaniɽibaʔu | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Wappo | pi-co:/we | loan direction unknown | ||||||||||
Wari | mišem | miʃem | Means 'to be black' 15.650. | See Language page | ||||||||
Washo | yéʔc'eš | unknown | Washo Project | |||||||||
Waurá | kulepe; kamalatɨ | kulepe; kamalatɨ | unknown | See Language page | ||||||||
Wayampi | kɨʔa | kɨʔa | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Wayana | sikulome | sikulome | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
Wayuu | yar̃ɨttɨ-sɨ | See Language page | ||||||||||
Western Mono | totsa/bi “dirty one” | inheritance | ||||||||||
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay | 'kukˀahi | Also 'kukˀaha. | See Language page | |||||||||
Wintu | bukul | inheritance | ||||||||||
Wubuy | lhagaburnurlk | inheritance | ||||||||||
Yabarana | a'tçikipe, açiki'pe | See Language page | ||||||||||
Yagua | mi (n); miju- supiy-, vasupidiy- (mod.) | mi:; mixu:, supij-, vasupidij- | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
Yaminahua | dabu čia | See Language page | ||||||||||
Yan-nhangu | [missing] | missing | ||||||||||
Yandruwandha | padlapadla | semantic shift | ||||||||||
Yanomam | šami | ʃami | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Yanomami | shami, toteshi | ʃami, toteʃi | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Yarluyandi | [missing] | missing | ||||||||||
Yavapai | qaya “dusty” | unknown | ||||||||||
Yavitero | éku(j) | éku(h) | See Language page | |||||||||
Yawarrawarrka | murali | unique | ||||||||||
Yawuru | mirndal | mirndal | unknown | |||||||||
Yokuts Palewyami | hoT'ol' (of water) | unknown | Gamble 1991 | |||||||||
Yokuts Yowlumne | T'ay'ak' “to be dirty” | unknown | N1944 | |||||||||
Yuhup | c'ǎw' | c'ǎw' | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Yuki | shImIt, shimet | inheritance | S&S1984 | |||||||||
Yukpa | kemama, kuku, küma | See Language page | ||||||||||
Yukuna | kapijani | kapihani | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Yuruti | õ'ẽ́dĩpii-ro | õ'ẽ́dĩpii-ro | See Language page |
Language |
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