Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

dirty

Semantic Field
quality
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
sucio
Meaning Portuguese
sujo

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone tucca inheritance
Cahuilla selya/xama loan S&H 1979
Central Sierra Miwok ku/l:uTu- inheritance
Chemehuevi tuca/-ga(i) V inheritance
Chumash Barbareno taqaq unknown Beeler 1978
Chumash Ineseno nujich, 7uqsh-nuj “dirt” inheritance Klar 1977:82
Chumash Obispeno shishnuju “to get dirty” inheritance Klar 1977:82
Chumash Ventureno chHupuch unknown JPH
Cocopa 7i:ma/T inheritance
Comanche nasysya7eety :dirty” unique
Cupeño silynyina-yax [siʎˈɲinəyax] inheritance
Gabrielino CHM ta--ho/-vit /teho/vit/ unknown
Iipay 'Aa taketak [takəˈtaq] unknown
Kawaiisu tocaa-ga-dy “dirty person or thing” inheritance
Kiliwa xpil inheritance
Kitanemuk cukwavy-c “dirt, grime” (and is a vb) inheritance
Lake Miwok huwu/mnaka unknown
Luiseño kwila/li- “to make dirty” inheritance
Maidu 7o/jc'ej inheritance
Mojave 7amat= “dirty, muddy”, hapel= “unwashed” inheritance
Mutsun yu:mus “filth” inheritance O77:61
Nisenan k'awdyk “make full of dirt” inheritance
Northern Paiute totsa7a inheritance Thornes 03:249
Northern Sierra Miwok wali:t-y- inheritance
Salinan A cho:/wUne7 or khtr7o:/ne unknown (Turner 1980:72)
Salinan M missing missing
Seri (Comcaac) haac hapa/spx “ugly, dirty” unknown
Serrano tYnA7n-k unique R&E2000:503
Southern Sierra Miwok jo:tok- inheritance
Southern Ute paasana-; inheritance
Tübatulabal tukuupish-yt “be or become -” inheritance
Tümpisa Shoshone tuttsaappyh inheritance
Wappo pi-co:/we loan direction unknown
Washo yéʔc'eš unknown Washo Project
Western Mono totsa/bi “dirty one” inheritance
Wintu bukul inheritance
Yavapai qaya “dusty” unknown
Yokuts Palewyami hoT'ol' (of water) unknown Gamble 1991
Yokuts Yowlumne T'ay'ak' “to be dirty” unknown N1944
Yuki shImIt, shimet inheritance S&S1984
Baniwa dowhénaa dowhénaa unique See Language page
Carijona tukuise inheritance See Language page
Cubeo docʉcʉco (f.); docʉcʉcʉ (m.); docʉcʉrõ (inan.) dokɨkɨko (f.); dokɨkɨkɨ (m.); dokɨkɨɾõ (inan.) inheritance See Language page
Dâw tâáw’ [sujeiro], dʉy [person, color shade], çik [things] tǝ̌w' (dirt), dɨj (dirty person, dark color), cik (dirty object) inheritance See Language page
Desano gᵾhraricᵾri gɨʔɾaɾikɨɾi unique See Language page
Eñepa tɨpuru-ke (IDS) tɨpuru-ke (IDS) inheritance See Language page
Hodï waleiʰte unique See Language page
Waorani wẽ-ta-bõ [='black'] unique See Language page
Hup titíʔ, j'ǎw' titíʔ, ɟ'ǎw' unique; inheritance See Language page
Kakua kej3hɨ̃b-dĩ4 [H&R] inheritance See Language page
Makushi koron; nora (IDS) koron; nora (IDS) unique; inheritance See Language page
Nheengatu kiá kia inheritance See Language page
Ninam šami (EM72) ʃami inheritance See Language page
Nukak kei2hɨm4 inheritance See Language page
Maihiki doquɨ ja dokɨ jã inheritance See Language page
Pemon aware, narik, piron saru, ekepasak, apimuman, tavapan (A1981); ye'ko'pasak (M2000) awaɾe, naɾik, piɾon saɾu, ekepasak, apimuman, tavapan (A1981) unique; inheritance See Language page
Sanumá tsami (EM72) tsami inheritance See Language page
Sikuani a-xuíra inheritance Sik-Cuiva-Playero group See Language page
Tariana kapisíte kapisíte inheritance See Language page
Tukano ũʔîro, ũʔîri ũʔîro, ũʔîri inheritance Carib See Language page
Kotiria wete tira (Waltz) wete tiɾa (Waltz) unique See Language page
Yanomam šami ʃami inheritance See Language page
Yanomami shami, toteshi ʃami, toteʃi inheritance See Language page
Yukuna kapijani kapihani inheritance See Language page
Yuhup c'ǎw' c'ǎw' inheritance See Language page
Arabana jankatara unique
Bardi ngoonyba ngunyba inheritance
Bunuba [missing] missing
Burarra birninyja unknown
Dhangu [missing] missing
Dhuwal [missing] missing
Dhuwala [missing] missing
Diyari tertieli unique
DiyariREU tertieli unique
Djambarrpuyngu [missing] missing
Djapu [missing] missing
Djinang midjirri unknown
Gajirrabeng X
Gooniyandi [missing] missing
Gupapuyngu [missing] missing
Gurindji nyunal unique
Jaru bundiyani unique
Karajarri yurli unknown
Kija manpuluwulu unique
Malyangapa [missing] missing
Mangala puruly unknown
Miriwung langgen unique
Mithaka [missing] missing
Mudburra jurdurdu
Mudburra jurdurrdu inheritance
Ngamini parda unique
Ngandi burnurrk inheritance
Ngarluma kurnturrkurru unique
Ngumbarl boondoor <boondoor> semantic shift
Nhirrpi palamindyi unique
Nimanburru ŋōnbe ŋōnbe inheritance
Northern Mangarla jurnpul
Northern Nyangumarta lanta inheritance
Nyangumarta 4397 inheritance
Nyikina ngalkoorroo XXngl dirty, sweaty-smelling ngalkurru XXngl dirj, sweaj-smelling unknown
Nyulnyul ŋōnbe ŋōnbe inheritance
Paakantyi 768 unique
Pirriya [missing] missing
Pitta-Pitta [missing] missing
Rirratjingu [missing] missing
Ritharrngu X missing
Wangkayutyuru mayimayi unique
Wubuy lhagaburnurlk inheritance
Yan-nhangu [missing] missing
Yandruwandha padlapadla semantic shift
Yarluyandi [missing] missing
Yawarrawarrka murali unique
Yawuru mirndal mirndal unknown
Achagua ká:lí ká:lí inheritance See Language page
Piapoco casaquèeri kasakèeri See Language page
Kabiyari pit̪a ('dirt') pit̪a ('dirt') See Language page
Yavitero éku(j) éku(h) See Language page
Wapishana kaniɽibaʔu kaniɽibaʔu inheritance See Language page
Wayuu yar̃ɨttɨ-sɨ See Language page
Paresi kaiyaxa kaijaʃa unknown See Language page
Ignaciano tičipeʔa; 'maeperahi See Language page
Trinitario -koʔča See Language page
Baure topop'kon topop'kon unknown See Language page
Waurá kulepe; kamalatɨ kulepe; kamalatɨ unknown See Language page
Cha'palaa tu 'ma'yii; 'a'tata-; ['ku'či]-nu See Language page
Bora iinʸḯ-βá-ne, ḯtííkʰʸïḯ, neʔni iinʲɯ́-βá-nɛ, ɯ́tííkʰʲɯ̃ɯ, nɛʔni inheritance cf. 'earth' See Language page
Muinane xííni-βa-no, béé-βa-no, mɨ́ʔɨni-βa-no, ɨ́díkku-no xííni-βa-no, bέέ-βa-no, mɨ́ʔɨni-βa-no, ɨ́díkku-no See Language page
Akawaio iigöpa (v.), teembadaiguuknang (dirty-faced, adj.), iigöpazak (dirty object, n.) I'göpa (v.), tembadaɪ'guʔnaŋ (dirty-faced, adj.), I'göpazak (dirty object, n.) unique See Language page
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect ɤri ɤri See Language page
Apalai taputapume, xikurome taputapume, xikurome inheritance See Language page
Wayana sikulome sikulome unique See Language page
Tiriyó tïkuije tɨkuije inheritance See Language page
Makiritare nossahe (IDS) nossahe (IDS) unique See Language page
Wai Wai tu-smu-y tu-smu-y unique See Language page
Waimiri Atroari tykoxinja tɨkoʃiŋa See Language page
Yabarana a'tçikipe, açiki'pe See Language page
Yukpa kemama, kuku, küma See Language page
Kalapalo ifutugu ifutugu unknown See Language page
Muisca amuyhyzen mague amuɨhɨzen maγe See Language page
Barí baidaani Colombia: baygdaninə. See Language page
Northern Emberá mititía mititía See Language page
Epena hai'kʰoo; me'mee 'Moldy' or 'stained' is ha'yoo; 'tʰãu. See Language page
Macaguan ʧɨbí unknown See Language page
Cuiva tsórei, axuíra sucio, dirty Huber & Reed 1992:340
Playero a-xuíra See Language page
Cofán ámunde'tssi amɯndɛʔtshi phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra tsaróná tsaɾona unique See Language page
Taushiro ayo ontu' ajo onduʔ See Language page
Páez cjŭch kxjŭtʃ See Language page
Tikuna eʔe eʔe unique See Language page
Urarina lanąąha lanããha unique See Language page
Camsa tsénga, tsengá tsénga, tsengá See Language page
Andoke so so unique See Language page
Pumé ingȩrȩchiá See Language page
Puinave [-'ha-pi + bak] ha-pi + bak unique See Language page
Ashuar kúnta, pakuí, shungkát kunta, pakui, ʃuŋkat See Language page
Huambisa wapik wapik See Language page
Aguaruna tsuwát, wapík tsuwat, wapik unique; inheritance See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect tǝ:w inheritance See Language page
Matses bëchish bɨtʃiʃ unknown See Language page
Kakataibo mɨ'paski-ti mɨ'taru-ti (dial.) 'to dirty the hands'. See Language page
Katukina ṣ̌ošṣ̌a-(pa) See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo etubi; e'kia; eronei̯ See Language page
Yaminahua dabu čia See Language page
Chácobo čɨkɨ čɨkɨ doubtful loan Tacanan See Language page
Yagua mi (n); miju- supiy-, vasupidiy- (mod.) mi:; mixu:, supij-, vasupidij- unique See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua turu tuɾu See Language page
Ingá mapa mapa See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua mapa, jiriza mapa, xiridza See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano qacha, qamra qatʃa, qamɾa See Language page
Piaroa i'dikua'a' (K76) iʔdikuaʔaʔ inheritance See Language page
Sáliva llequihãjĩã ʤekʷihãhĩã inheritance See Language page
Bará ĩ'rĩ See Language page
Barasano ɨe-se, ɨe-ri hai- ɨe-se, ɨe-ri hai- See Language page
Carapana ɨ'gé-rí ɨ'gé-rí See Language page
Makuna ʉe-rise ɨe-ɾise inheritance See Language page
Yuruti õ'ẽ́dĩpii-ro õ'ẽ́dĩpii-ro See Language page
Waikhana we'te ti- we'te ti- See Language page
Siriano giʔrá-ri-kɨ giʔrá-ri-kɨ See Language page
Tanimuca ka'i-ka kaʔi-ka unique See Language page
Tatuyo ɨ'gérí ɨ'gérí See Language page
Tuyuka hũĩ'rĩ́ hũĩʔrĩ́ See Language page
Waimaja õ'wẽ́dĩ́ õʔwẽ́dĩ́ See Language page
Koreguaje si'si siʔsi inheritance See Language page
Siona si'si siʔsi inheritance See Language page
Secoya si'sio siʔsiɔ See Language page
Karitiana ẽm ẽm unknown See Language page
Kokama charu tʃaru unique See Language page
Wayampi kɨʔa kɨʔa inheritance See Language page
Aché aǰu bučã unique See Language page
Chiriguano kɨʔa inheritance See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní kɨʔa See Language page
Sirionó ači; aði-da ači; aði-da unique See Language page
Kamayurá ɨwpap (M2000) ɨwpap (M2000) inheritance See Language page
Ocaina áánm̈a; ahvóóhxo; ñááhun ããm:a; aʔβóóʔxo; ɲááʔɯ̃ unique See Language page
Nɨpode Witoto ï.áï-re-de ɯ.áɯ-rɛ-dɛ See Language page
Minica Witoto ï.áï-re-de ɯ.áɯ-rɛ-dɛ See Language page
Murui Witoto jeare hɛarɛ (B83) inheritance/Witoto See Language page
Iquito iyɨ'ɨtina, sucuarána ijɨ'ɨtina, sukuarána unknown See Language page
Wari mišem miʃem Means 'to be black' 15.650. See Language page
Araona azalo; boso See Language page
Ese Ejja -hewi; -šexe unique See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo kia-sewe kia-sewe See Language page
Tacana n-šipaʁan See Language page
Cavineña asika-da-ke; asika-ni; seki- asika-da-ke; asika-ni; seki- inheritance cf. Chacobo čɨkɨ See Language page
Central Aymara q´añu ḳˀaɲu See Language page
Cayuvava ramoha ~ ramohe See Language page
Kwazá hoho- hoho- See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané aʔ'tči Cf. 'stinking' 15.260. See Language page
Movima čo-es-ni tʃo-es-ni See Language page
Trumai enɨ enɨ enɨ enɨ unique See Language page
Kaingang kavẽj kawɛy; kawiŋwɛy; kɨŋwɛy See Language page
Canela rɔp *Jê form is *rɔp. See Language page
Suyá tɨk – čí tɨk – čí See Language page
Karajá isuisu See Language page
Djeoromitxi katorü katorø See Language page
Chipaya loč; lop-; ṣ̌oxr- 'Dirty (skin or clothes)' is kʰaɲa. See Language page
Mocoví n-apioʔo See Language page
Pilagá ankiɬpaisakmoi See Language page
Toba n-šipaʁan See Language page
Lengua #NAME? See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité haɬ; akpaasyaamˀ Also alpaysamaekɬoo; alak. See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet ošta; kɨras; taro See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay 'kukˀahi Also 'kukˀaha. See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja -taxloxli; -taxaʔ See Language page
Maca #NAME? See Language page
Nivaclé sas; saȼˀaʔs; šekley dirty, soiled https://ids.clld.org/
Ayoreo oo'poii; oo'poii-a Also topi'e-n̥a-i; topi'e-n̥a 15.630. See Language page
Mapudungun poθ Ranquel form is porŋe-. See Language page
Qawasqar ḳʰayel Also means 'used'. See Language page
Selknam čalki See Language page
Tehuelche 'tˀārtˀš- See Language page
Lokono ereben eɾeben dirty Pet 1987:355
Kariña sisime sisime dirty Courtz 2007:371