Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

skin

Semantic Field
body
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
piel
Meaning Portuguese
pele

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Bankalachi Toloim o-poon 175 inheritance
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone po7an, poan, pohon “bark, skin, peeling, surface layer” inheritance
Cahuilla sava-l unique S&H 1979
Central Sierra Miwok To/l:echa- inheritance
Chemehuevi asi/7a, asi/v(y) inheritance
Chumash Barbareno pHax (< p pax) inheritance Klar 77:14
Chumash Ventureno cpax unknown Harrington 1974:9
Cocopa nykw7aL inheritance
Comanche hynypo7a7; mapo/7a7 “human skin” inheritance
Cupeño -pelki [pɨlki] inheritance
Gabrielino 7axo:xoc “su cascara” inheritance
Iipay 'Aa ekwally [əˈkʷaɫʸ] inheritance
Kawaiisu 7asi7a= inheritance
Kiliwa 7-kwal inheritance
Kitanemuk koco inheritance
Lake Miwok Su/luk “skin, peel, shell” loan
Luiseño ta:va-sh unknown
Maidu posa/la, posa/li inheritance
Mojave chathkwil, iimaat chathkwil inheritance
Mutsun pattah unknown O77:246
Nisenan po inheritance
Northern Paiute pyhy “skin, hide, fur” inheritance Stubbs 08
Northern Sierra Miwok pyc:eTa- unknown
Plains Miwok talka- (hide) inheritance
Salinan A sa:/nAt' (A), ) “skin, hide”; unknown
Salinan M spa/nAt 'skin, hide' A is alpha unknown Mason 1918:128
Seri (Comcaac) ina/ail unknown
Serrano -qOc inheritance
Southern Paiute as:ia:-S “outer covering, skin, bark” asia:-ni “my skin” inheritance
Southern Sierra Miwok Tol:a- inheritance
Southern Ute pyy7aH, pyy/vY, inheritance
Tübatulabal poon-t inheritance
Tümpisa Shoshone nymya (of body), unknown
Wappo chi/la loan into protolanguage
Washo i:sh unknown J1958:200
Western Mono py/hy/ inheritance
Wintu c'op inheritance
Yavapai thpi^la “bark, skin” unknown
Yokuts Palewyami p'a:lai unique K1963
Yokuts Yawdanchi tcudui 237 inheritance K07:237
Yokuts Yowlumne T'o:tot “skin, bark” inheritance Golla 1964:65
Yuki shil (skin, shell, bark) loan into protolanguage S&S 1984
Yuma 7akwe/ly “hide, leather, skin” H3:210 inheritance
Baniwa -ya -ja inheritance See Language page
Carijona hitihə inheritance See Language page
Cubeo caje kaxɛ inheritance See Language page
Dâw bʉk bɨk inheritance See Language page
Desano gasiro gasiro inheritance See Language page
Eñepa pi-hpə pi-hpə inheritance See Language page
Hodï hetoto unique See Language page
Waorani ǽ̨mǫtái unique See Language page
Hup b’ɔ́k b’ɔ́k inheritance See Language page
Kakua ʧûw unique See Language page
Makushi piipɨ piipɨ inheritance See Language page
Nheengatu pirera (same as bark) piɾeɾa (same as bark) inheritance See Language page
Ninam pili si, si (EM72) pili si, si inheritance See Language page
Nukak nɨi3 unique See Language page
Maihiki anibɨ ja anibɨ xã inheritance See Language page
Pemon yeei piikpö (E1980); ipi'pö (M2000) pipue; piʔpö (E1980); ipiʰpə (M2000) inheritance See Language page
Resígaro eémámíí?o, eémú eémámííʔo, eémú inheritance See Language page
Sanumá ɨsɨ (EM72) ɨsɨ inheritance See Language page
Sikuani boko (2) bóko, pe-perabɨ̃-to inheritance See Language page
Tariana dí-ya dí-ja inheritance See Language page
Tukano caséro kaséro inheritance E Tuk See Language page
Kotiria ka'sa kaʔsa inheritance E Tuk See Language page
Yanomam si (EM72) si inheritance See Language page
Yanomami pei si, si (EM72) pei si, si inheritance See Language page
Yukuna ímaji ímahi inheritance See Language page
Yuhup b'ɔ̌k b'ɔ̌k inheritance See Language page
Arabana patha inheritance
Bardi rolrol -(i)nya- rolrol -(i)nya- inheritance
Bunuba birlina unknown
Burarra -maliyarra unknown
Dhangu barrwaṉ(') unknown
Dhuwal galŋa
Dhuwala minyaŋalaŋal unknown
Diyari darla inheritance
DiyariREU kulara unique
Djambarrpuyngu 2016 inheritance
Djapu galŋa inheritance
Djinang gilingkaḻ unknown
Gajirrabeng therrawoo unique
Gooniyandi birlnga 'bark' inheritance
Gupapuyngu minyaŋalaŋal unknown
Gurindji wajawurr loan Unknown
Jabirr-Jabirr baden baden inheritance
Jaru jalyja, unique
Jawi bardun bardun inheritance
Karajarri karnu inheritance
Kija wajawurr-,mukun-pe, manyjangala--pernnga- 'bark' unique NJ
Malyangapa Mal: wapi- unique
Mangala nalaja unknown
Miriwung mathin unique NJ
Mithaka dala inheritance
Mudburra kurrnyu ?
Mudburra kurrnyu loan
Ngamini darla inheritance
Ngandi gu/ma-gurla' inheritance
Ngarluma gaburn
Ngumbarl beererr, birrerr beererr, birrerr unique
Nhirrpi dala inheritance
Nimanburru baden, badon baden, badon inheritance
Northern Mangarla yurrurta
Northern Nyangumarta karnu inheritance
Nyangumarta karnu inheritance
Nyikina baj baj inheritance
Nyulnyul baden baden inheritance
Paakantyi balda loan direction unknown
Pirriya [missing] missing
Pitta-Pitta nunderry inheritance
Rirratjingu barrwaṉ unknown
Ritharrngu gurla' loan
Walmajarri partu inheritance
Wangkayutyuru patha inheritance?
Yan-nhangu galnga inheritance
Yandruwandha darla, nyindi inheritance
Yarluyandi pitjurla inheritance?
Yawarrawarrka tala inheritance
Yawuru naladja nalaja inheritance
Achagua mana: mana: inheritance See Language page
Piapoco ímami ímami See Language page
Kabiyari íʔa-mi íʔa-mi See Language page
Yavitero itamaka itamaka See Language page
Wapishana maˀda maˀda inheritance Proto-Arawak See Language page
Mandawaka jáːbaru jáːbaɾu See Language page
Wayuu ta-ta Lit. 'prefix-skin'. See Language page
Yine nikči-mta; mta *Piro-Apuriná form is *'mata. See Language page
Paresi militi, imili militi, imili unknown See Language page
Ignaciano -'umama; paruma See Language page
Trinitario #NAME? 'Animal hide' is -prumo 06.290; still covering the animal is -poomo. See Language page
Baure č-om; ni-'čom tʃ-om; ni-'tʃom inheritance See Language page
Waurá #NAME? #NAME? unknown See Language page
Arutani kõhã (also used for bark) kõhã (also used for bark) See Language page
Sape kuy (also used for bark) kuy (also used for bark) See Language page
Cha'palaa 'kika See Language page
Bora (mé)-ʔmɨ́ɨ́ʔeé, iáápe mɨ́ɨʔe (mέ)-ʔmɨ́ɨ́ʔɛέ, iáápɛ mɨ́ɨʔɛ inheritance See Language page
Muinane méeʔe mέɛʔɛ See Language page
Akawaio biipö bipö inheritance Proto-Carib See Language page
Apalai pihpo, pihpyry pihpo, pihpɨrɨ inheritance See Language page
Wayana pitpë pitpǝ inheritance See Language page
Tiriyó pihpë pihpǝ inheritance See Language page
Makiritare hiʔhə (IDS); hi'hö hiʔhə inheritance See Language page
Mapoyo pi'bë; wai'bano (?) (cartilage) pi'bɛ; wai'bano (?) (cartilage) See Language page
Wai Wai o-hčɨΦɨ-rɨ; Φičho o-hčɨΦɨ-rɨ; Φičho inheritance See Language page
Waimiri Atroari bixi biʃi See Language page
Yabarana picpe, pihpeh See Language page
Yukpa pichoro dʒuʂts̺u See Language page
Kalapalo ifidyo; ipufi (also means 'bark') ifidjo; ipufi (also means 'bark') inheritance See Language page
Muisca huca huka See Language page
Barí aɨgšuu Colombia: ʔaɨgšurə. Cf. 'bark' 08.750. *Chibchan form is *huka. See Language page
Northern Emberá ée, ẽe ée, ẽe See Language page
Epena e Also means 'covering/shell' 03.655. See Language page
Guayabero bɨʔ-t inheritance See Language page
Macaguan pérʉ pérɨ inheritance See Language page
Cofán ttono thono phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Taushiro chi ʃi See Language page
Páez cati kati See Language page
Tikuna naxchaxmũ [2-3, 5, 3] naʔtʃaʔmɨ̃ unique See Language page
Urarina kaḍzi katʃi unique See Language page
Camsa bobátʃe bobátʃe See Language page
Andoke #NAME? #NAME? unique See Language page
Pumé í See Language page
Tinigua ɟoʔkwa See Language page
Puinave #NAME? #NAME? unique See Language page
Máku č:mu (possibly a mistake in the source?) tʃ:mu (possibly a mistake in the source?) See Language page
Ashuar nuwáp nuwap See Language page
Huambisa nuap nuap See Language page
Aguaruna duwáp duwáp inheritance See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect bɨːh inheritance sound changes unclear See Language page
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect bɨːh See Language page
Matses bitsi bitsi inheritance/Tacanan See Language page
Kakataibo βɨṣ̌'βi; ṣ̌a'ka Cf. 'bark, hide'; 06.280 'fur'. *Panoan *βiči. See Language page
Katukina hɨšβi See Language page
Pacahuara 'wiči d'Orb viči; also means 'hide'. See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo βiči; ṣ̌aka See Language page
Yaminahua βiči Also means 'fur' 06.280. See Language page
Chácobo βiči (also means "bark") βiči (also means "bark") inheritance/Tacanan See Language page
Yagua {-jay} xaj unique See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua cara kaɾa See Language page
Ingá kaɾa kaɾa See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua cara kaɾa See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano qara qaɾa See Language page
Piaroa chijeta tʃĩhẽtã unknown See Language page
Sáliva ĩxexe ĩxexe unknown See Language page
Bará kahe'ro See Language page
Barasano gase-ro gase-ro See Language page
Carapana asero asɛɾɔ See Language page
Makuna wi-ro wi-ro unique See Language page
Yuruti kásero kásero See Language page
Waikhana kaʔ'sa-ro kaʔ'sa-ro See Language page
Siriano ga'si-ró ga'si-ró See Language page
Tanimuca a'hea a'hea unknown See Language page
Tatuyo a'héro a'héro See Language page
Tuyuka kase-'ro kase-ʔro See Language page
Waimaja kʰáhɛ́řó kʰáhɛ́ró See Language page
Koreguaje ca'nivu kaʔnibu inheritance See Language page
Siona kˀãʔni-wɨ kˀãʔni-wɨ inheritance See Language page
Secoya ca'ni kãʔ'ni See Language page
Karitiana pa, pykyp pa, pɨkɨp inheritance See Language page
Kokama piruara (also bark) piruara inheritance See Language page
Wayampi pilɛ pilɛ inheritance See Language page
Aché pire inheritance See Language page
Chiriguano (če-)pire inheritance See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní pire Cf. 'bark' 08.750; 'flay' 09.290. See Language page
Sirionó ei̯re; ei̯ ei̯re; ei̯ inheritance See Language page
Kamayurá pit (K12) pit (K12) inheritance See Language page
Ocaina xonúúhca xon̵ɯ́ɯ́ʔka unique See Language page
Nɨpode Witoto íni íni See Language page
Minica Witoto igóï-raï igóɯ-raɯ See Language page
Murui Witoto igoï igoɯ inheritance/Witoto See Language page
Iquito ísɨquɨ (also means bark, shell of an animal or fruit) ísɨkɨ (also means bark, shell of an animal or fruit) inheritance See Language page
Záparo ichawk+ iʧawkɨ See Language page
Wari taparišiʔ tapariʃiʔ Cf. 'bark' 08.750. See Language page
Araona biki Also means 'fur' 06.280; 'leather' 06.290; 'bark' 08.750. *Tacn form is *e-biti. See Language page
Ese Ejja e'he; e-heei unique See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo e-hee e-hee See Language page
Tacana e-biti See Language page
Cavineña e-biti e-biti inheritance/Panoan See Language page
Central Aymara janchi lipˀiči See Language page
Cayuvava iše ~ iš- Also means 'bark, rind, peel'. 'Orange peel' is ihe'[narasa] ~ 'iše'[narasa]. See Language page
Itonama poʔroma See Language page
Kwazá esiki, hãtsũ-, -siki, -xy esiki, hãtsũ-, -siki, -xy See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané šu'paʔ Animal skin. Also means 'leather' 06.290; 'bark' 08.750. See Language page
Movima to-ɓen̉-kʷakʷa to-ɓen̉-kʷakʷa See Language page
Trumai (iau) pɨt (iau) pɨt loan Kamayura See Language page
Kaingang fàr #NAME? See Language page
Canela ĩn-krirɛ; lɛ *Jê form is *ŋri-rɛ. See Language page
Suyá kɔ kɔ See Language page
Karajá tɨ See Language page
Djeoromitxi kä kǝ See Language page
Chipaya šḳiši Uru-J form is šḳiši. See Language page
Mocoví l-ošikmaʁa Also means 'body' 04.110; 'leather' 06.290. See Language page
Pilagá 'l-oʔok Also means 'shell' 03.655. See Language page
Toba l-ʔok Also means 'body' 04.110. Cf. 'shell' 03.655. See Language page
Lengua #NAME? Cf. 04.213. See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité inyimpihik Also used for 'tree bark' 08.750. See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet eŋyempehek See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay #NAME? Also means 'fur' 06.280; 'leather' 06.290; 'bark' 08.750. See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja -ax ~ -ex Also means 'leather' 06.290. Cf. 'shell' 03.655. See Language page
Maca #NAME? Also means 'body' 04.110. See Language page
Nivaclé -ɔx skin, hide https://ids.clld.org/
Ayoreo a'ooi Also 'kučaa-ooi, lit. 'the thing-skin'. See Language page
Mapudungun ṭ͡ʀɨlke Same form in Ranquel. See Language page
Qawasqar ḳawes Bo, Sk record kos; Bo records yelo for Central QWS. Fi, Hy record kokolayek for South QWS. See Language page
Selknam hòl See Language page
Tehuelche 'pˀat See Language page
Kanamarí -dak -dak pele Magalhães 2018:351
Lokono yda(-ha) ɨda(-ha) skin Pet 1987:371
Kariña pipo pip skin; bark Yamada 2010:791