Language | Orthographic Form | Phonemicized Form | Gloss as in Source | Etymology Code | Proto-Form | Proto-Language | Loan Source | Wanderwort Status | Etyma Set | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Source |
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Language | Orthographic Form | Phonemicized Form | Gloss as in Source | Etymology Code | Proto-Form | Proto-Language | Loan Source | Wanderwort Status | Etyma Set | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Source |
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Achagua | mana: | mana: | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Aché | pire | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
Aguaruna | duwáp | duwáp | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Akawaio | biipö | bipö | inheritance | Proto-Carib | See Language page | |||||||
Andoke | #NAME? | #NAME? | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
Apalai | pihpo, pihpyry | pihpo, pihpɨrɨ | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Arabana | patha | inheritance | ||||||||||
Araona | biki | Also means 'fur' 06.280; 'leather' 06.290; 'bark' 08.750. *Tacn form is *e-biti. | See Language page | |||||||||
Arutani | kõhã (also used for bark) | kõhã (also used for bark) | See Language page | |||||||||
Ashuar | nuwáp | nuwap | See Language page | |||||||||
Ayoreo | a'ooi | Also 'kučaa-ooi, lit. 'the thing-skin'. | See Language page | |||||||||
Baniwa | -ya | -ja | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Bankalachi Toloim | o-poon 175 | inheritance | ||||||||||
Barasano | gase-ro | gase-ro | See Language page | |||||||||
Bardi | rolrol -(i)nya- | rolrol -(i)nya- | inheritance | |||||||||
Bará | kahe'ro | See Language page | ||||||||||
Barí | aɨgšuu | Colombia: ʔaɨgšurə. Cf. 'bark' 08.750. *Chibchan form is *huka. | See Language page | |||||||||
Baure | č-om; ni-'čom | tʃ-om; ni-'tʃom | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone | po7an, poan, pohon “bark, skin, peeling, surface layer” | inheritance | ||||||||||
Bora | (mé)-ʔmɨ́ɨ́ʔeé, iáápe mɨ́ɨʔe | (mέ)-ʔmɨ́ɨ́ʔɛέ, iáápɛ mɨ́ɨʔɛ | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Bunuba | birlina | unknown | ||||||||||
Burarra | -maliyarra | unknown | ||||||||||
Cahuilla | sava-l | unique | S&H 1979 | |||||||||
Camsa | bobátʃe | bobátʃe | See Language page | |||||||||
Canela | ĩn-krirɛ; lɛ | *Jê form is *ŋri-rɛ. | See Language page | |||||||||
Carapana | asero | asɛɾɔ | See Language page | |||||||||
Carijona | hitihə | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
Cavineña | e-biti | e-biti | inheritance/Panoan | See Language page | ||||||||
Cayuvava | iše ~ iš- | Also means 'bark, rind, peel'. 'Orange peel' is ihe'[narasa] ~ 'iše'[narasa]. | See Language page | |||||||||
Central Aymara | janchi | lipˀiči | See Language page | |||||||||
Central Sierra Miwok | To/l:echa- | inheritance | ||||||||||
Cha'palaa | 'kika | See Language page | ||||||||||
Chemehuevi | asi/7a, asi/v(y) | inheritance | ||||||||||
Chipaya | šḳiši | Uru-J form is šḳiši. | See Language page | |||||||||
Chiriguano | (če-)pire | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja | -ax ~ -ex | Also means 'leather' 06.290. Cf. 'shell' 03.655. | See Language page | |||||||||
Chumash Barbareno | pHax (< p pax) | inheritance | Klar 77:14 | |||||||||
Chumash Ventureno | cpax | unknown | Harrington 1974:9 | |||||||||
Chácobo | βiči (also means "bark") | βiči (also means "bark") | inheritance/Tacanan | See Language page | ||||||||
Cocopa | nykw7aL | inheritance | ||||||||||
Cofán | ttono | thono | phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS | See Language page | ||||||||
Comanche | hynypo7a7; mapo/7a7 “human skin” | inheritance | ||||||||||
Cubeo | caje | kaxɛ | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Cupeño | -pelki | [pɨlki] | inheritance | |||||||||
Desano | gasiro | gasiro | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Dhangu | barrwaṉ(') | unknown | ||||||||||
Dhuwal | galŋa | |||||||||||
Dhuwala | minyaŋalaŋal | unknown | ||||||||||
Diyari | darla | inheritance | ||||||||||
DiyariREU | kulara | unique | ||||||||||
Djambarrpuyngu | 2016 | inheritance | ||||||||||
Djapu | galŋa | inheritance | ||||||||||
Djeoromitxi | kä | kǝ | See Language page | |||||||||
Djinang | gilingkaḻ | unknown | ||||||||||
Dâw | bʉk | bɨk | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Epena | e | Also means 'covering/shell' 03.655. | See Language page | |||||||||
Ese Ejja | e'he; e-heei | unique | See Language page | |||||||||
Ese Ejja/Huarayo | e-hee | e-hee | See Language page | |||||||||
Eñepa | pi-hpə | pi-hpə | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Gabrielino | 7axo:xoc “su cascara” | inheritance | ||||||||||
Gajirrabeng | therrawoo | unique | ||||||||||
Gooniyandi | birlnga 'bark' | inheritance | ||||||||||
Guayabero | bɨʔ-t | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
Gupapuyngu | minyaŋalaŋal | unknown | ||||||||||
Gurindji | wajawurr | loan | Unknown | |||||||||
Hodï | hetoto | unique | See Language page | |||||||||
Huambisa | nuap | nuap | See Language page | |||||||||
Hup | b’ɔ́k | b’ɔ́k | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Ignaciano | -'umama; paruma | See Language page | ||||||||||
Iipay 'Aa | ekwally | [əˈkʷaɫʸ] | inheritance | |||||||||
Ingá | kaɾa | kaɾa | See Language page | |||||||||
Iquito | ísɨquɨ (also means bark, shell of an animal or fruit) | ísɨkɨ (also means bark, shell of an animal or fruit) | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Itonama | poʔroma | See Language page | ||||||||||
Jabirr-Jabirr | baden | baden | inheritance | |||||||||
Jaru | jalyja, | unique | ||||||||||
Jawi | bardun | bardun | inheritance | |||||||||
Kabiyari | íʔa-mi | íʔa-mi | See Language page | |||||||||
Kaingang | fàr | #NAME? | See Language page | |||||||||
Kakataibo | βɨṣ̌'βi; ṣ̌a'ka | Cf. 'bark, hide'; 06.280 'fur'. *Panoan *βiči. | See Language page | |||||||||
Kakua | ʧûw | unique | See Language page | |||||||||
Kalapalo | ifidyo; ipufi (also means 'bark') | ifidjo; ipufi (also means 'bark') | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Kamayurá | pit (K12) | pit (K12) | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Kanamarí | -dak | -dak | pele | Magalhães 2018:351 | ||||||||
Karajarri | karnu | inheritance | ||||||||||
Karajá | tɨ | See Language page | ||||||||||
Kariña | pipo | pip | skin; bark | Yamada 2010:791 | ||||||||
Karitiana | pa, pykyp | pa, pɨkɨp | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Katukina | hɨšβi | See Language page | ||||||||||
Kawaiisu | 7asi7a= | inheritance | ||||||||||
Kija | wajawurr-,mukun-pe, manyjangala--pernnga- 'bark' | unique | NJ | |||||||||
Kiliwa | 7-kwal | inheritance | ||||||||||
Kitanemuk | koco | inheritance | ||||||||||
Kokama | piruara (also bark) | piruara | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Koreguaje | ca'nivu | kaʔnibu | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Kotiria | ka'sa | kaʔsa | inheritance | E Tuk | See Language page | |||||||
Kwazá | esiki, hãtsũ-, -siki, -xy | esiki, hãtsũ-, -siki, -xy | See Language page | |||||||||
Lake Miwok | Su/luk “skin, peel, shell” | loan | ||||||||||
Lengua | #NAME? | Cf. 04.213. | See Language page | |||||||||
Lokono | yda(-ha) | ɨda(-ha) | skin | Pet 1987:371 | ||||||||
Luiseño | ta:va-sh | unknown | ||||||||||
Maca | #NAME? | Also means 'body' 04.110. | See Language page | |||||||||
Macaguan | pérʉ | pérɨ | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Maidu | posa/la, posa/li | inheritance | ||||||||||
Maihiki | anibɨ ja | anibɨ xã | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Makiritare | hiʔhə (IDS); hi'hö | hiʔhə | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Makuna | wi-ro | wi-ro | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
Makushi | piipɨ | piipɨ | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Malyangapa | Mal: wapi- | unique | ||||||||||
Mandawaka | jáːbaru | jáːbaɾu | See Language page | |||||||||
Mangala | nalaja | unknown | ||||||||||
Mapoyo | pi'bë; wai'bano (?) (cartilage) | pi'bɛ; wai'bano (?) (cartilage) | See Language page | |||||||||
Mapudungun | ṭ͡ʀɨlke | Same form in Ranquel. | See Language page | |||||||||
Matses | bitsi | bitsi | inheritance/Tacanan | See Language page | ||||||||
Minica Witoto | igóï-raï | igóɯ-raɯ | See Language page | |||||||||
Miriwung | mathin | unique | NJ | |||||||||
Mithaka | dala | inheritance | ||||||||||
Mocoví | l-ošikmaʁa | Also means 'body' 04.110; 'leather' 06.290. | See Language page | |||||||||
Mojave | chathkwil, iimaat chathkwil | inheritance | ||||||||||
Mosetén-Chimané | šu'paʔ | Animal skin. Also means 'leather' 06.290; 'bark' 08.750. | See Language page | |||||||||
Movima | to-ɓen̉-kʷakʷa | to-ɓen̉-kʷakʷa | See Language page | |||||||||
Mudburra | kurrnyu ? | |||||||||||
Mudburra | kurrnyu | loan | ||||||||||
Muinane | méeʔe | mέɛʔɛ | See Language page | |||||||||
Muisca | huca | huka | See Language page | |||||||||
Murui Witoto | igoï | igoɯ | inheritance/Witoto | See Language page | ||||||||
Mutsun | pattah | unknown | O77:246 | |||||||||
Máku | č:mu (possibly a mistake in the source?) | tʃ:mu (possibly a mistake in the source?) | See Language page | |||||||||
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect | bɨːh | See Language page | ||||||||||
Nadëb/Roçado dialect | bɨːh | inheritance | sound changes unclear | See Language page | ||||||||
Napo Lowland Quichua | cara | kaɾa | See Language page | |||||||||
Ngamini | darla | inheritance | ||||||||||
Ngandi | gu/ma-gurla' | inheritance | ||||||||||
Ngarluma | gaburn | |||||||||||
Ngumbarl | beererr, birrerr | beererr, birrerr | unique | |||||||||
Nheengatu | pirera (same as bark) | piɾeɾa (same as bark) | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Nhirrpi | dala | inheritance | ||||||||||
Nimanburru | baden, badon | baden, badon | inheritance | |||||||||
Ninam | pili si, si (EM72) | pili si, si | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Nisenan | po | inheritance | ||||||||||
Nivaclé | -ɔx | skin, hide | https://ids.clld.org/ | |||||||||
Northern Emberá | ée, ẽe | ée, ẽe | See Language page | |||||||||
Northern Mangarla | yurrurta | |||||||||||
Northern Nyangumarta | karnu | inheritance | ||||||||||
Northern Paiute | pyhy “skin, hide, fur” | inheritance | Stubbs 08 | |||||||||
Northern Sierra Miwok | pyc:eTa- | unknown | ||||||||||
Nukak | nɨi3 | unique | See Language page | |||||||||
Nyangumarta | karnu | inheritance | ||||||||||
Nyikina | baj | baj | inheritance | |||||||||
Nyulnyul | baden | baden | inheritance | |||||||||
Nɨpode Witoto | íni | íni | See Language page | |||||||||
Ocaina | xonúúhca | xon̵ɯ́ɯ́ʔka | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
Paakantyi | balda | loan direction unknown | ||||||||||
Pacahuara | 'wiči | d'Orb viči; also means 'hide'. | See Language page | |||||||||
Paraguayan Guaraní | pire | Cf. 'bark' 08.750; 'flay' 09.290. | See Language page | |||||||||
Paresi | militi, imili | militi, imili | unknown | See Language page | ||||||||
Pemon | yeei piikpö (E1980); ipi'pö (M2000) | pipue; piʔpö (E1980); ipiʰpə (M2000) | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Piapoco | ímami | ímami | See Language page | |||||||||
Piaroa | chijeta | tʃĩhẽtã | unknown | See Language page | ||||||||
Pilagá | 'l-oʔok | Also means 'shell' 03.655. | See Language page | |||||||||
Pirriya | [missing] | missing | ||||||||||
Pitta-Pitta | nunderry | inheritance | ||||||||||
Plains Miwok | talka- (hide) | inheritance | ||||||||||
Puinave | #NAME? | #NAME? | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
Pumé | í | See Language page | ||||||||||
Páez | cati | kati | See Language page | |||||||||
Qawasqar | ḳawes | Bo, Sk record kos; Bo records yelo for Central QWS. Fi, Hy record kokolayek for South QWS. | See Language page | |||||||||
Quechua Ayacuchano | qara | qaɾa | See Language page | |||||||||
Resígaro | eémámíí?o, eémú | eémámííʔo, eémú | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Rirratjingu | barrwaṉ | unknown | ||||||||||
Ritharrngu | gurla' | loan | ||||||||||
Salinan A | sa:/nAt' (A), ) “skin, hide”; | unknown | ||||||||||
Salinan M | spa/nAt 'skin, hide' | A is alpha | unknown | Mason 1918:128 | ||||||||
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité | inyimpihik | Also used for 'tree bark' 08.750. | See Language page | |||||||||
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet | eŋyempehek | See Language page | ||||||||||
Sanumá | ɨsɨ (EM72) | ɨsɨ | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Sape | kuy (also used for bark) | kuy (also used for bark) | See Language page | |||||||||
Secoya | ca'ni | kãʔ'ni | See Language page | |||||||||
Selknam | hòl | See Language page | ||||||||||
Seri (Comcaac) | ina/ail | unknown | ||||||||||
Serrano | -qOc | inheritance | ||||||||||
Shipibo-Konibo | βiči; ṣ̌aka | See Language page | ||||||||||
Sikuani | boko (2) | bóko, pe-perabɨ̃-to | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Siona | kˀãʔni-wɨ | kˀãʔni-wɨ | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Siriano | ga'si-ró | ga'si-ró | See Language page | |||||||||
Sirionó | ei̯re; ei̯ | ei̯re; ei̯ | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Southern Paiute | as:ia:-S “outer covering, skin, bark” asia:-ni “my skin” | inheritance | ||||||||||
Southern Pastaza Quechua | cara | kaɾa | See Language page | |||||||||
Southern Sierra Miwok | Tol:a- | inheritance | ||||||||||
Southern Ute | pyy7aH, pyy/vY, | inheritance | ||||||||||
Suyá | kɔ | kɔ | See Language page | |||||||||
Sáliva | ĩxexe | ĩxexe | unknown | See Language page | ||||||||
Tacana | e-biti | See Language page | ||||||||||
Tanimuca | a'hea | a'hea | unknown | See Language page | ||||||||
Tariana | dí-ya | dí-ja | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Tatuyo | a'héro | a'héro | See Language page | |||||||||
Taushiro | chi | ʃi | See Language page | |||||||||
Tehuelche | 'pˀat | See Language page | ||||||||||
Tikuna | naxchaxmũ [2-3, 5, 3] | naʔtʃaʔmɨ̃ | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
Tinigua | ɟoʔkwa | See Language page | ||||||||||
Tiriyó | pihpë | pihpǝ | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Toba | l-ʔok | Also means 'body' 04.110. Cf. 'shell' 03.655. | See Language page | |||||||||
Trinitario | #NAME? | 'Animal hide' is -prumo 06.290; still covering the animal is -poomo. | See Language page | |||||||||
Trumai | (iau) pɨt | (iau) pɨt | loan | Kamayura | See Language page | |||||||
Tukano | caséro | kaséro | inheritance | E Tuk | See Language page | |||||||
Tuyuka | kase-'ro | kase-ʔro | See Language page | |||||||||
Tübatulabal | poon-t | inheritance | ||||||||||
Tümpisa Shoshone | nymya (of body), | unknown | ||||||||||
Urarina | kaḍzi | katʃi | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
Wai Wai | o-hčɨΦɨ-rɨ; Φičho | o-hčɨΦɨ-rɨ; Φičho | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Waikhana | kaʔ'sa-ro | kaʔ'sa-ro | See Language page | |||||||||
Waimaja | kʰáhɛ́řó | kʰáhɛ́ró | See Language page | |||||||||
Waimiri Atroari | bixi | biʃi | See Language page | |||||||||
Walmajarri | partu | inheritance | ||||||||||
Wangkayutyuru | patha | inheritance? | ||||||||||
Waorani | ǽ̨mǫtái | unique | See Language page | |||||||||
Wapishana | maˀda | maˀda | inheritance | Proto-Arawak | See Language page | |||||||
Wappo | chi/la | loan into protolanguage | ||||||||||
Wari | taparišiʔ | tapariʃiʔ | Cf. 'bark' 08.750. | See Language page | ||||||||
Washo | i:sh | unknown | J1958:200 | |||||||||
Waurá | #NAME? | #NAME? | unknown | See Language page | ||||||||
Wayampi | pilɛ | pilɛ | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Wayana | pitpë | pitpǝ | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Wayuu | ta-ta | Lit. 'prefix-skin'. | See Language page | |||||||||
Western Mono | py/hy/ | inheritance | ||||||||||
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay | #NAME? | Also means 'fur' 06.280; 'leather' 06.290; 'bark' 08.750. | See Language page | |||||||||
Wintu | c'op | inheritance | ||||||||||
Yabarana | picpe, pihpeh | See Language page | ||||||||||
Yagua | {-jay} | xaj | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
Yaminahua | βiči | Also means 'fur' 06.280. | See Language page | |||||||||
Yan-nhangu | galnga | inheritance | ||||||||||
Yandruwandha | darla, nyindi | inheritance | ||||||||||
Yanomam | si (EM72) | si | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Yanomami | pei si, si (EM72) | pei si, si | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Yarluyandi | pitjurla | inheritance? | ||||||||||
Yavapai | thpi^la “bark, skin” | unknown | ||||||||||
Yavitero | itamaka | itamaka | See Language page | |||||||||
Yawarrawarrka | tala | inheritance | ||||||||||
Yawuru | naladja | nalaja | inheritance | |||||||||
Yine | nikči-mta; mta | *Piro-Apuriná form is *'mata. | See Language page | |||||||||
Yokuts Palewyami | p'a:lai | unique | K1963 | |||||||||
Yokuts Yawdanchi | tcudui 237 | inheritance | K07:237 | |||||||||
Yokuts Yowlumne | T'o:tot “skin, bark” | inheritance | Golla 1964:65 | |||||||||
Yuhup | b'ɔ̌k | b'ɔ̌k | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Yuki | shil (skin, shell, bark) | loan into protolanguage | S&S 1984 | |||||||||
Yukpa | pichoro | dʒuʂts̺u | See Language page | |||||||||
Yukuna | ímaji | ímahi | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
Yuma | 7akwe/ly “hide, leather, skin” H3:210 | inheritance | ||||||||||
Yuruti | kásero | kásero | See Language page | |||||||||
Záparo | ichawk+ | iʧawkɨ | See Language page |
Language |
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