Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

armpit

Semantic Field
body
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
axila, sobaco
Meaning Portuguese
axila

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone missing missing
Cahuilla -kwal- (? from vb) inheritance S&H 1979
Central Sierra Miwok ka:/pusu- inheritance
Chemehuevi so:vI (same as “lungs”) unknown JPH
Chumash Barbareno toq'olo inheritance Klar 1977:22
Chumash Cruzeno tok'olol “sobaco” inheritance JPH
Chumash Ineseno toq'olo inheritance Klar 1977:22
Chumash Obispeno tiq'ololo inheritance Klar 1977:22
Chumash Ventureno tok'olol (tok'ololi “put under arm”) inheritance Klar 1977:22
Cocopa SwaL, 7iSwa/L unknown
Comanche ahnatukate, ahna unknown
Cupeño -kwal'a [kwalɁə] inheritance
Gabrielino -kwa:r inheritance
Iipay 'Aa salyehwat [saʎəˈxʷat̯] unknown
Kawaiisu soo-rokwa= unknown
Kiliwa sl=paa inheritance
Kitanemuk kwachuhpich unknown
Lake Miwok ta/wlik he/lla “underneath the arm” unique
Luiseño qwalma (psd only) inheritance
Maidu k'owo/ inheritance
Mojave iisalyasupo, iisalyupo, iiyasalyupo inheritance
Mutsun somsom unknown O77:128
Nisenan k'owo: inheritance
Northern Paiute anga inheritance Nichols 1974:318
Northern Sierra Miwok ka:pus-u- inheritance
Plains Miwok ka:puh inheritance
Salinan A chamatan unknown Pinart (Heizer)
Salinan M missing missing
Seri (Comcaac) izca/pxla unknown
Southern Paiute so:r7oa-S unique
Southern Sierra Miwok katmyl- unknown
Tübatulabal kaaluk-t loan
Tümpisa Shoshone aha, naha unknown
Wappo no/kha unknown
Washo c'imelmo unknown Washo Project
Western Mono ahaqo/tsI loan
Wintu q'an kenti inheritance
Yavapai slpu/ inheritance
Yokuts Palewyami kit-te/-ne-se-kil inheritance CHM Berman 2002
Yokuts Yowlumne giT'e:n-ne:l/ ? *giT'e:n “hold under the arm” inheritance N1944
Yuki yo:han unknown S&S1984
Baniwa koaphimáka-ɺiko koaphimáka-ɺiko inheritance See Language page
Carijona ejáta (M2000) inheritance See Language page
Cubeo ãricaro ãɾikaɾo inheritance See Language page
Dâw xũm bʉʉ́t xɨ̃m bɨ̌t unique See Language page
Eñepa -y-ata (IDS) -j-ata (IDS) inheritance See Language page
Hodï tida unique See Language page
Waorani õdõ-ĩdẽ-bæ̃ unique See Language page
Hup hahád hahád unique See Language page
Makushi u-yewata (IDS) u-yewata (IDS) inheritance See Language page
Nheengatu iuáuíra iwáwíra inheritance See Language page
Maihiki tata yacu ja tãta jaku xã unknown See Language page
Pemon yewata (A1981) dʒewata (A1981) inheritance See Language page
Sikuani koro (2), korona (13)(vello de las axilas) inheritance See Language page
Tariana kapi-yapise (hand-?) kapi-japise (hand-?) unique See Language page
Tukano kẽeka kẽeka inheritance E Tuk See Language page
Kotiria cjãroca (Waltz) kjãɾoka (Waltz) inheritance E Tuk See Language page
Yanomami hãkãmi hãkãmi missing See Language page
Yukuna ja'awílaji haʔawílahi unique See Language page
Arabana kilji-kilji inheritance
Bardi ninganyburr ninganyburr inheritance
Bunuba garri loan
Burarra warmbarrk unknown
Dhangu wäny loan
Dhuwal wakuy
Dhuwala wuḏuy unknown
Diyari kapurrha inheritance
DiyariREU kiljikilji loan Arabana
Djambarrpuyngu wuḏuy unknown
Djapu wakuy unknown
Djinang way inheritance?
Gajirrabeng woontheng unique
Gooniyandi garri loan
Gupapuyngu wuḏuy unknown
Gurindji karrwi inheritance
Jabirr-Jabirr nimarremba nimarremba inheritance
Jaru garrwiya, inheritance
Jawi nirngunyburr nirngunyburr loan into protolanguage Pama-Nyungan
Karajarri kalnginy doubtful loan
Kija karrwi inheritance
Malyangapa kapuru doubtful loan Karnic
Mangala kalnguny doubtful loan Nyulnyulan
Miriwung woondoong inheritance
Mithaka wakiRi inheritance
Mudburra ngabikilyi
Mudburra wanyku loan
Ngamini kapurrha inheritance
Ngandi gu-wany inheritance
Ngarluma ngunamarra
Ngumbarl nimbarrama nimbarrama inheritance
Nhirrpi kawalka unique
Nimanburru ninganyburr ninganyburr inheritance
Northern Mangarla kalnguny
Northern Nyangumarta kanginy doubtful loan Nyulnyulan
Nyangumarta ngalkuny inheritance
Nyikina galnguny kalnguny loan into protolanguage
Nyulnyul -mbarrm -mbarrm inheritance
Paakantyi ḏiginja
Pirriya wakarla inheritance
Pitta-Pitta kilyikilyi inheritance
Rirratjingu wa:ny loan
Ritharrngu wakuy inheritance
Walmajarri kitikiti inheritance
Wangkayutyuru paparla unique
Warrwa -(m)barrma -(m)barrma inheritance
Wubuy anyjabal inheritance
Yan-nhangu wäny loan
Yandruwandha kapurru, kapurrukutja inheritance
Yarluyandi kapuru inheritance
Yawarrawarrka kapurrukuca inheritance
Yawuru garlnguny karlnguny inheritance
Achagua kuáhiʃi kuáhiʃi inheritance See Language page
Piapoco écúapi ékúapi See Language page
Kabiyari hékúapi hékúapi See Language page
Yavitero tánaye tánaye See Language page
Wapishana kiʃap kiʃap unknown Possibly inheritance See Language page
Wayuu ta-tɨna-ľuʔu See Language page
Yine kxepɨ See Language page
Ignaciano #NAME? See Language page
Trinitario -'siɣeku See Language page
Waurá -tɨpɨžɨ-naku -tɨpɨžɨ-naku unique See Language page
Cha'palaa 'šin'bala Underarm hair is 'šuʔ-hu. See Language page
Bora cápihéju (T98) kʰápʰiʔéxu doubtful loan Arawak See Language page
Akawaio eewata e'wata inheritance Proto-Carib See Language page
Tiriyó jahta jahta inheritance See Language page
Mapoyo ya'ta-ri ja'ta-ri See Language page
Wai Wai oy-eyata-rɨ oy-eyata-rɨ inheritance See Language page
Yabarana ehne ʝas'taiɾi See Language page
Yukpa au´ta, ya´buta, yabutata, yabustata See Language page
Muisca gacata γakata See Language page
Northern Emberá ososó ososó See Language page
Epena i'sia 'kʰara Lit. 'wing hair' 04.392 + 04.144. See Language page
Macaguan kór(a) kór(a) inheritance Central+Macaguan subgroup See Language page
Páez punza cafi punza kafi See Language page
Pumé kʰanã puɛ See Language page
Ashuar tsukáp tsukap See Language page
Huambisa tsukap tsukap See Language page
Aguaruna tsuká tsuká doubtful loan Spanish sobaco See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect papab unique See Language page
Matses podo ambuadquid, podo ana podo ambuadkid, podo ana unknown See Language page
Katukina pički See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo βaṣ̌ka; βa- See Language page
Yaminahua po-čo See Language page
Chácobo piškini piškini inheritance See Language page
Yagua numutojariy; numutojo numuto:xarij; numuto:xo unique See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua cashu kaʃu See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua cashu kaʃu See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano wallwa (CP94) waʎwa See Language page
Piaroa ɨ'name'a' ɨɁnameɁaɁ unknown See Language page
Sáliva illehlla iʤeʔʤa unknown See Language page
Siona co'rera koʔrera inheritance See Language page
Kokama jɨwa-kuara 'arm-inessive' jɨwa-kuara 'arm-inessive' inheritance See Language page
Wayampi yɨwa-wɨ jɨwa-wɨ inheritance See Language page
Aché pɨwɨ inheritance See Language page
Chiriguano -r-eⁿdapɨwɨ; -h-eⁿdapɨwɨ inheritance See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní ǰɨva-ɣʷɨ See Language page
Sirionó erobobo erobobo unknown See Language page
Ocaina uróóhyavo ɯróóʔjaβo unique See Language page
Murui Witoto rocafaì ana rokaɸaì ana (B83) unknown See Language page
Iquito nɨcaríira nɨkaríira inheritance See Language page
Záparo n++kari nɨːkaɾi See Language page
Wari pahunexi' (E&K97) pahuneʃiʔ (E&K97) See Language page
Araona nokʷizi *Tacn form is *e-nokići. See Language page
Ese Ejja enakʷiši inheritance See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo e-nakwiši (Girard 1971) e-nakwiši See Language page
Tacana enokiď̶i See Language page
Cavineña iɲokʷiha iɲokʷiha inheritance See Language page
Central Aymara chheqhanqara čʰiḳʰanḳara See Language page
Itonama uh-musčunano See Language page
Kwazá tsoronãtai, -natai tsoronãtai, -natai See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané c̷a'kaʔ See Language page
Movima čowi-kʷa tʃowi-kʷa See Language page
Kaingang yɛ̃rɛ̃ (IDS) yɛ̃rɛ̃ See Language page
Djeoromitxi hakükakü hakøkakø See Language page
Mocoví li-šaaḳatčiki See Language page
Pilagá le-saḳtakiʔ See Language page
Toba l-saḳtaki See Language page
Lengua #NAME? See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité konami See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet koŋneŋmeʔ See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay -wilis-'čˀu -wi'lis refers to the angle/joint of the upper arm. Appears to be similar to the local Spanish word for elbow joint. See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja -fʷopo-kiʔ ~ -xyopo-kiʔ (m.) See Language page
Maca -ilxiʔ ~ -elxiʔ (f.) See Language page
Nivaclé -kxɔši armpit Arribeños dialect is -kxaši. https://ids.clld.org/
Ayoreo u'raya See Language page
Mapudungun puɲ-lipaŋ; puɲpuya See Language page
Qawasqar xanḳstay From Ag. See Language page
Selknam ḳˀòlṣḳn See Language page
Tehuelche 'šaʔnškˀn Also 'šaʔmnkˀn, 'carne debajo la paleta'; and 'šaʔmn. See Language page
Kariña ajàta ajaʔta armpit Courtz 2007:215