Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

fire

Semantic Field: environment
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: fuego
Meaning Portuguese: fogo

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Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Loan Source	General Notes	Source
Achagua	ʧiʧtái	ʧiʧtái		inheritance			See Language page
Aché		tata		inheritance			See Language page
Aguaruna	jíi	xí:		inheritance			See Language page
Akawaio	abok	abɔk		inheritance	Pemongan		See Language page
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect	apoʔ, kamatu	apoʔ, kamatu					See Language page
Andoke	ʌpa	ʌpa		unique			See Language page
Apalai	apoto	apoto		inheritance			See Language page
Arabana	maka			inheritance
Araona		kʷa-ti				Tacn form is ti-.	See Language page
Arutani	ani	ani					See Language page
Ashuar	ji	xi					See Language page
Ayoreo		pii'o-i					See Language page
Baniwa	ttídzee	t̪ídzee		inheritance			See Language page
Bankalachi Toloim	koot' 187; gut (K1907)			inheritance
Barasano	hea	hea					See Language page
Bardi	noorroo			inheritance
Bare	kameni	kameni					See Language page
Bará		pe'kabẽ					See Language page
Barí		kaaḍɨ				Colombia: kadɨrə. Chibchan form is 'gi.	See Language page
Baure	'ya-ki	ja-ki		unknown			See Language page
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone	waihja-ppyh			inheritance
Bora	kʰḯḯxï-kwa	kʰɯ́ɯ́xɯ-kwa		inheritance			See Language page
Bunuba	winthali			unknown
Burarra	bol			unknown
Cahuilla	ku-t			inheritance			S&H 1979
Camsa	íɲe, níɲe	íɲe, níɲe					See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra	somaasi	somaasi		unique			See Language page
Canela		ii-rə̃				Jê form is rã.	See Language page
Carapana	peero	pɛɛɾɔ					See Language page
Carijona	mahoto			inheritance			See Language page
Cavineña	e-ti-ki	e-ti-ki		inheritance			See Language page
Cayuvava		data				Also dada 'in the fire'.	See Language page
Central Aymara	nina	nina					See Language page
Central Sierra Miwok	wyke:/-			inheritance
Cha'palaa		ɲi				Also means 'seed' 08.311.	See Language page
Chemehuevi	kun(a)/			inheritance
Chipaya		ux				Uru-J form is ux.	See Language page
Chiriguano		tata		inheritance			See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja		etyeʔ (f.)					See Language page
Chumash Barbareno	ny			inheritance			Klar 1977:85
Chumash Cruzeno	ne			inheritance			Klar 1977:86
Chumash Ineseno	ny			inheritance			Klar 1977:85
Chumash Obispeno	ti-ny			inheritance			Klar 1977:86
Chumash Ventureno	ny			inheritance			Klar 1977:86
Chácobo	čiʔi	čiʔi		inheritance			See Language page
Cocopa	7a7a:/			inheritance
Cofán	si´nge	siʔⁿgɛ				phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS	See Language page
Comanche	kohtoopY			inheritance
Cubeo	toa, uruibo	toa, uruibo		inheritance; unique			See Language page
Cupeño	ku-t	[kut]		inheritance
Desano	peame	peame		inheritance			See Language page
Dhangu	dhaŋutha			unknown
Dhuwal	gurtha			inheritance
Dhuwala	gurtha			inheritance
Diyari	tudu			inheritance
DiyariREU	turu			inheritance
Djambarrpuyngu	5081			inheritance
Djapu	gurtha			inheritance
Djeoromitxi	pitxe	pitʃe					See Language page
Djinang	djunggi			inheritance
Dâw	bôrõò, bõrõò	bohõ̂, bɔ̃hɔ̃̂		inheritance; unique			See Language page
Epena		'tʰɨpɨ 'tau				Lit. 'fire round-unit/eye' 04.210, also see 'firewood' 01.880.	See Language page
Ese Ejja		kʷa-ki		inheritance			See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo	kwaki	kwaki					See Language page
Esselen	anih			unknown			(T&S 1981:110
Eñepa	wahto	wahto		inheritance			See Language page
Gabrielino	ca:vot "fuego, lumbre"			unknown
Gajirrabeng	marneng			inheritance
Gooniyandi	wayandi			unique
Guayabero		hit, law		unique			See Language page
Gupapuyngu	gurtha			inheritance
Gurindji	warlu			inheritance
Hodï	kule			doubtful loan, direction unknown	Pume		See Language page
Huambisa	jii	xi:					See Language page
Hup	teg hɔ̃́ ['wood burn']	teg ~hɔ́ ['wood burn']		inheritance			See Language page
Ignaciano		yuku; -yuku-ne					See Language page
Iipay 'Aa	'aaw	[Ɂaˑu]		inheritance
Ingá	nina	nina					See Language page
Itonama		u-bari				Same as 'firewood' 01.880.	See Language page
Jabirr-Jabirr	djun_g	jungk		inheritance
Jaru	warlu			inheritance
Kabiyari	kira'ari	kiraʔari					See Language page
Kaingang	pĩ	pĩ					See Language page
Kakataibo		c̷ii				Also ɨ̃'ṣ̌a 'fire for cooking'. Panoan čiʔi.	See Language page
Kakua		tɨ̂-kɨt [wood/fire-cl:log]		inheritance			See Language page
Kalapalo	ito	ito		inheritance			See Language page
Kamayurá	ɑtɑ	ɑtɑ		inheritance			See Language page
Karajarri	karita			loan
Karajá		heɔtɨ					See Language page
Kariña	wa'to	waʔto	fire				Yamada 2010:825
Karitiana	iso	iso		unknown			See Language page
Katukina		ṣ̌iʔi					See Language page
Kawaiisu	kuna			inheritance
Kija	marne-			unique
Kiliwa	7-7aaw			inheritance
Kitanemuk	kut			inheritance
Kokama	tata	tata		inheritance			See Language page
Koreguaje	toa	thoa		inheritance			See Language page
Kotiria	pichaca (Waltz)	piʧaka (Waltz)		inheritance	E Tuk		See Language page
Kwazá	hi, -nã, -terjỹ	hi, -nã, -terjỹ					See Language page
Lake Miwok	wi/ki			inheritance
Lengua		taɬa					See Language page
Lokono	ikhi	ikʰi	fire				Pet 1987:357
Luiseño	ku-t			inheritance
Maca		fet (m.)				Cf. 'lamp' 07.450.	See Language page
Macaguan	-pe-narrútab-ia, -pe-narrúb-ia	-pe-narútab-ia, -pe-narúb-ia		unique			See Language page
Maidu	sa/			inheritance
Maihiki	toa ja	toa xã		inheritance			See Language page
Makiritare	wāʔto (IDS) (Also dudīnɲɨ); dudi:nñü, wa:'to (KH)	dudi:nɲɨ (KH), wa:ʔto		inheritance			See Language page
Makuna	jea; jea ʉ̃jᵾrise (jea also means 'firewood')	xea; xea ɨ̃xɨrise		inheritance			See Language page
Makushi	apóó	apóó		inheritance			See Language page
Malyangapa	kal:a \ kadla			inheritance
Mandawaka	iʒíːde	iʒíːde					See Language page
Mangala	walu, wa:lu (T), warlu (C40)			inheritance
Mapoyo	wa'to	wa'to					See Language page
Mapudungun		kɨṭ͡ʀal				Same form in Ranquel.	See Language page
Matses	cuëte	kuɨte		unique			See Language page
Minica Witoto	irai	irai					See Language page
Miriwung	gajawooleng			unique
Mithaka	maka			inheritance
Mocoví		norek					See Language page
Mojave	7a'aw			inheritance
Mosetén-Chimané		'c̷ih					See Language page
Movima	βeʔe	βeʔe					See Language page
Mudburra	buba
Mudburra	buba			loan
Muinane	kɨ́ɨxɨ-gai, kusííbai	kɨ́ɨxɨ-gai, kusííbai					See Language page
Muisca	gata	γata					See Language page
Murui Witoto	irai	irai		inheritance			See Language page
Mutsun	sottow			inheritance			O77:49
Máku	nühẽ	nühẽ					See Language page
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect		tǝːg					See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect		tǝːg		inheritance			See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua	nina	nina					See Language page
Ngamini	tuRu			inheritance
Ngandi	gu-wurk			unique
Ngarluma	bugarra
Ngumbarl	bundaring	<bundaring>		unknown
Nheengatu	tatá, atá	tatá, atá		inheritance			See Language page
Nhirrpi	maka			inheritance
Nimanburru	djun_g	jungk		inheritance
Ninam	wake	wake		inheritance			See Language page
Nisenan	sa, sa:			inheritance
Nivaclé		itɔx	fire			Arribeños dialect has itax.	https://ids.clld.org/
Northern Emberá	tɨbʉ́-eradrɨ́a	tɨbʉ́-eradrɨ́a					See Language page
Northern Mangarla	warlu
Northern Nyangumarta	malirri			doubtful loan
Northern Paiute	ku'su, ko'so			inheritance			Nichols 1974:327
Northern Sierra Miwok	wyke-			inheritance
Nukak		tɨ̃ã4		inheritance			See Language page
Nyangumarta	wika			unique
Nyikina	joongkoo	jungku		inheritance
Nyulnyul	djun_g	jungk		inheritance
Nɨpode Witoto	irái-kï	irái-kɯ					See Language page
Ocaina	tyaaro	tʲaaro		inheritance			See Language page
Paakantyi	guniga
Pacahuara		'čiʔi				d'Orb čihi, chii. Arm čii.	See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní		t-ata					See Language page
Paresi	initima	initima		unknown			See Language page
Pemon	apok (E1980); apok (M2000)	apɔk (E1980)		inheritance			See Language page
Piapoco	quichái, síyái	kitʃái, síjái					See Language page
Piaroa	okurä	ɔkuɾæ		unknown			See Language page
Pilagá		'd-oleʔ					See Language page
Pirriya	burri			inheritance
Pitta-Pitta	maka			inheritance
Plains Miwok	wyke-			inheritance
Puinave	də	də		unique			See Language page
Pumé	kjõdȩ						See Language page
Páez	ipy						See Language page
Qawasqar		afc̷ˀar				Also means 'firewood'. Bo, Fe, SpC, Li record c̷ˀarkwes; Sk records statal for Central QWS, (cf. 'embers' 01.841). Fi, Hy, SpS record tetel for South QWS.	See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano	nina	nina					See Language page
Resígaro	o?koná? (possessed form)	oʔkonáʔ (possessed foɾm)		unique			See Language page
Rirratjingu	dhaŋutha			unknown
Ritharrngu	gurtha			inheritance
Salinan A	Ta7a/uh (A),			unknown
Salinan M	Tha'a/uH			unknown			Mason 1918:133
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité		taɬa					See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet		taaɬa					See Language page
Sanumá	koataka (EM72)	koataka (EM72)		inheritance			See Language page
Sape	šoko	ʃoko					See Language page
Secoya	toa	to'a					See Language page
Selknam		xàhwḳˀ-n					See Language page
Seri (Comcaac)	hama/c			unknown
Serrano	ku-t			inheritance
Shipibo-Konibo		čii					See Language page
Sikuani	isoto (2)	i-só-to, náwa		unique			See Language page
Siona	toa	toa		inheritance			See Language page
Siriano	peámée	peámée					See Language page
Sirionó	tata; erata	tata; erata		inheritance			See Language page
Southern Paiute	qun:a-G			inheritance
Southern Pastaza Quechua	nina	nina					See Language page
Southern Sierra Miwok	huj:u-,			inheritance
Southern Ute	na7aitY, na7atY			inheritance
Suyá	kutɨ	kutɨ					See Language page
Sáliva	ohsa	oʔsa		unknown			See Language page
Tacana		#NAME?					See Language page
Tanimuca	pe'ka	pe'ka		inheritance			See Language page
Tariana	syáwa	sjáwa		inheritance			See Language page
Tatuyo	pee-'ro	pee-'ro					See Language page
Taushiro	honto´	hontoʔ					See Language page
Tehuelche		'yayk					See Language page
Tikuna	ü4xü3 (A58)	ɨʔɨ		unique			See Language page
Tiriyó	mahto (fire; matches)	mahto		inheritance			See Language page
Toba		nodek					See Language page
Trinitario		yuku; -yukne					See Language page
Trumai	so	so		unique			See Language page
Tukano	me'e	me'e		inheritance	E Tuk		See Language page
Tuyuka	pe'ka-bẽ	peʔka-bẽ					See Language page
Tübatulabal	kutt			inheritance
Tümpisa Shoshone	wajantyn			inheritance
Urarina	isi	isi		unique			See Language page
Wai Wai	wehto	wehto		inheritance			See Language page
Waikhana	pe'ka	pe'ka					See Language page
Waimaja	ᵽɛkʰámẽ̀	ɸɛkʰámẽ̀					See Language page
Waimiri Atroari	waty	watɨ					See Language page
Walmajarri	warlu			inheritance
Wangkayutyuru	maka			inheritance
Waorani	gõ-ga			unique			See Language page
Wapishana	tʰikʰaẓi	tʰikʰaẓi		inheritance	Proto-Arawak		See Language page
Wappo	he/l			unknown
Wari	še	ʃe				From ša-yišiʔ.	See Language page
Washo	di/7yu			unknown			J62
Waurá	ic̷ei	i¢ei		inheritance			See Language page
Wayampi	tata	tata		inheritance			See Language page
Wayana	wapot	wapot		inheritance			See Language page
Wayuu		siki				Also means 'firewood' 01.880.	See Language page
Western Mono	qo/sO,			inheritance
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay		i'toh					See Language page
Wintu	pho:h			inheritance
Wubuy	ngura			inheritance
Yabarana		wahto					See Language page
Yagua	jiday	xindaj		unique			See Language page
Yaminahua		čii					See Language page
Yan-nhangu	rulŋgitj			inheritance
Yandruwandha	maka			inheritance
Yanomam	wakə	wakə		inheritance			See Language page
Yanomami	koa wakə	koa wakə		inheritance			See Language page
Yarluyandi	thuru			inheritance
Yavapai	??o_			inheritance
Yavitero	kaľ̥i	kaľ̥i					See Language page
Yawarrawarrka	maka			inheritance
Yawuru	jalalu; junggu	jalalu; jungku		inheritance
Yine		yošika				Means to make fire; to fix the fire is yotʸpaka.	See Language page
Yokuts Palewyami	7oSotH			inheritance			W&G
Yokuts Yawdanchi	7ushitH			inheritance			K07:243, G64
Yokuts Yowlumne	7oSitH			inheritance			N 1944
Yuhup	têg	têg		inheritance			See Language page
Yuki	yim			unknown			S&S 1984
Yukpa	étav	weta					See Language page
Yukuna	jiyá, kera'atani	hijá, keɾaʔatani		inheritance	shared Kabiyari		See Language page
Yuma	7a7a/w H1:26			inheritance
Yuruti	pe'kã́-bẽ	pe'kã́-bẽ					See Language page


Achagua
Aché
Aguaruna
Akawaio
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect
Andoke
Apalai
Arabana
Araona
Arutani
Ashuar
Ayoreo
Baniwa
Bankalachi Toloim
Barasano
Bardi
Bare
Bará
Barí
Baure
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Bora
Bunuba
Burarra
Cahuilla
Camsa
Candoshi-Shapra
Canela
Carapana
Carijona
Cavineña
Cayuvava
Central Aymara
Central Sierra Miwok
Cha'palaa
Chemehuevi
Chipaya
Chiriguano
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Cruzeno
Chumash Ineseno
Chumash Obispeno
Chumash Ventureno
Chácobo
Cocopa
Cofán
Comanche
Cubeo
Cupeño
Desano
Dhangu
Dhuwal
Dhuwala
Diyari
DiyariREU
Djambarrpuyngu
Djapu
Djeoromitxi
Djinang
Dâw
Epena
Ese Ejja
Ese Ejja/Huarayo
Esselen
Eñepa
Gabrielino
Gajirrabeng
Gooniyandi
Guayabero
Gupapuyngu
Gurindji
Hodï
Huambisa
Hup
Ignaciano
Iipay 'Aa
Ingá
Itonama
Jabirr-Jabirr
Jaru
Kabiyari
Kaingang
Kakataibo
Kakua
Kalapalo
Kamayurá
Karajarri
Karajá
Kariña
Karitiana
Katukina
Kawaiisu
Kija
Kiliwa
Kitanemuk
Kokama
Koreguaje
Kotiria
Kwazá
Lake Miwok
Lengua
Lokono
Luiseño
Maca
Macaguan
Maidu
Maihiki
Makiritare
Makuna
Makushi
Malyangapa
Mandawaka
Mangala
Mapoyo
Mapudungun
Matses
Minica Witoto
Miriwung
Mithaka
Mocoví
Mojave
Mosetén-Chimané
Movima
Mudburra
Mudburra
Muinane
Muisca
Murui Witoto
Mutsun
Máku
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect
Nadëb/Roçado dialect
Napo Lowland Quichua
Ngamini
Ngandi
Ngarluma
Ngumbarl
Nheengatu
Nhirrpi
Nimanburru
Ninam
Nisenan
Nivaclé
Northern Emberá
Northern Mangarla
Northern Nyangumarta
Northern Paiute
Northern Sierra Miwok
Nukak
Nyangumarta
Nyikina
Nyulnyul
Nɨpode Witoto
Ocaina
Paakantyi
Pacahuara
Paraguayan Guaraní
Paresi
Pemon
Piapoco
Piaroa
Pilagá
Pirriya
Pitta-Pitta
Plains Miwok
Puinave
Pumé
Páez
Qawasqar
Quechua Ayacuchano
Resígaro
Rirratjingu
Ritharrngu
Salinan A
Salinan M
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet
Sanumá
Sape
Secoya
Selknam
Seri (Comcaac)
Serrano
Shipibo-Konibo
Sikuani
Siona
Siriano
Sirionó
Southern Paiute
Southern Pastaza Quechua
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Ute
Suyá
Sáliva
Tacana
Tanimuca
Tariana
Tatuyo
Taushiro
Tehuelche
Tikuna
Tiriyó
Toba
Trinitario
Trumai
Tukano
Tuyuka
Tübatulabal
Tümpisa Shoshone
Urarina
Wai Wai
Waikhana
Waimaja
Waimiri Atroari
Walmajarri
Wangkayutyuru
Waorani
Wapishana
Wappo
Wari
Washo
Waurá
Wayampi
Wayana
Wayuu
Western Mono
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay
Wintu
Wubuy
Yabarana
Yagua
Yaminahua
Yan-nhangu
Yandruwandha
Yanomam
Yanomami
Yarluyandi
Yavapai
Yavitero
Yawarrawarrka
Yawuru
Yine
Yokuts Palewyami
Yokuts Yawdanchi
Yokuts Yowlumne
Yuhup
Yuki
Yukpa
Yukuna
Yuma
Yuruti

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