Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

fire

Semantic Field
environment
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
fuego
Meaning Portuguese
fogo

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Bankalachi Toloim koot' 187; gut (K1907) inheritance
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone waihja-ppyh inheritance
Cahuilla ku-t inheritance S&H 1979
Central Sierra Miwok wyke:/- inheritance
Chemehuevi kun(a)/ inheritance
Chumash Barbareno ny inheritance Klar 1977:85
Chumash Cruzeno ne inheritance Klar 1977:86
Chumash Ineseno ny inheritance Klar 1977:85
Chumash Obispeno ti-ny inheritance Klar 1977:86
Chumash Ventureno ny inheritance Klar 1977:86
Cocopa 7a7a:/ inheritance
Comanche kohtoopY inheritance
Cupeño ku-t [kut] inheritance
Esselen anih unknown (T&S 1981:110
Gabrielino ca:vot "fuego, lumbre" unknown
Iipay 'Aa 'aaw [Ɂaˑu] inheritance
Kawaiisu kuna inheritance
Kiliwa 7-7aaw inheritance
Kitanemuk kut inheritance
Lake Miwok wi/ki inheritance
Luiseño ku-t inheritance
Maidu sa/ inheritance
Mojave 7a'aw inheritance
Mutsun sottow inheritance O77:49
Nisenan sa, sa: inheritance
Northern Paiute ku'su, ko'so inheritance Nichols 1974:327
Northern Sierra Miwok wyke- inheritance
Plains Miwok wyke- inheritance
Salinan A Ta7a/uh (A), unknown
Salinan M Tha'a/uH unknown Mason 1918:133
Seri (Comcaac) hama/c unknown
Serrano ku-t inheritance
Southern Paiute qun:a-G inheritance
Southern Sierra Miwok huj:u-, inheritance
Southern Ute na7aitY, na7atY inheritance
Tübatulabal kutt inheritance
Tümpisa Shoshone wajantyn inheritance
Wappo he/l unknown
Washo di/7yu unknown J62
Western Mono qo/sO, inheritance
Wintu pho:h inheritance
Yavapai ??o_ inheritance
Yokuts Palewyami 7oSotH inheritance W&G
Yokuts Yawdanchi 7ushitH inheritance K07:243, G64
Yokuts Yowlumne 7oSitH inheritance N 1944
Yuki yim unknown S&S 1984
Yuma 7a7a/w H1:26 inheritance
Baniwa ttídzee t̪ídzee inheritance See Language page
Carijona mahoto inheritance See Language page
Cubeo toa, uruibo toa, uruibo inheritance; unique See Language page
Dâw bôrõò, bõrõò bohõ̂, bɔ̃hɔ̃̂ inheritance; unique See Language page
Desano peame peame inheritance See Language page
Eñepa wahto wahto inheritance See Language page
Hodï kule doubtful loan, direction unknown Pume See Language page
Waorani gõ-ga unique See Language page
Hup teg hɔ̃́ ['wood burn'] teg ~hɔ́ ['wood burn'] inheritance See Language page
Kakua tɨ̂-kɨt [wood/fire-cl:log] inheritance See Language page
Makushi apóó apóó inheritance See Language page
Nheengatu tatá, atá tatá, atá inheritance See Language page
Ninam wake wake inheritance See Language page
Nukak tɨ̃ã4 inheritance See Language page
Maihiki toa ja toa xã inheritance See Language page
Pemon apok (E1980); apok (M2000) apɔk (E1980) inheritance See Language page
Resígaro o?koná? (possessed form) oʔkonáʔ (possessed foɾm) unique See Language page
Sanumá koataka (EM72) koataka (EM72) inheritance See Language page
Sikuani isoto (2) i-só-to, náwa unique See Language page
Tariana syáwa sjáwa inheritance See Language page
Tukano me'e me'e inheritance E Tuk See Language page
Kotiria pichaca (Waltz) piʧaka (Waltz) inheritance E Tuk See Language page
Yanomam wakə wakə inheritance See Language page
Yanomami koa wakə koa wakə inheritance See Language page
Yukuna jiyá, kera'atani hijá, keɾaʔatani inheritance shared Kabiyari See Language page
Yuhup têg têg inheritance See Language page
Arabana maka inheritance
Bardi noorroo inheritance
Bunuba winthali unknown
Burarra bol unknown
Dhangu dhaŋutha unknown
Dhuwal gurtha inheritance
Dhuwala gurtha inheritance
Diyari tudu inheritance
DiyariREU turu inheritance
Djambarrpuyngu 5081 inheritance
Djapu gurtha inheritance
Djinang djunggi inheritance
Gajirrabeng marneng inheritance
Gooniyandi wayandi unique
Gupapuyngu gurtha inheritance
Gurindji warlu inheritance
Jabirr-Jabirr djun_g jungk inheritance
Jaru warlu inheritance
Karajarri karita loan
Kija marne- unique
Malyangapa kal:a \ kadla inheritance
Mangala walu, wa:lu (T), warlu (C40) inheritance
Miriwung gajawooleng unique
Mithaka maka inheritance
Mudburra buba
Mudburra buba loan
Ngamini tuRu inheritance
Ngandi gu-wurk unique
Ngarluma bugarra
Ngumbarl bundaring <bundaring> unknown
Nhirrpi maka inheritance
Nimanburru djun_g jungk inheritance
Northern Mangarla warlu
Northern Nyangumarta malirri doubtful loan
Nyangumarta wika unique
Nyikina joongkoo jungku inheritance
Nyulnyul djun_g jungk inheritance
Paakantyi guniga
Pirriya burri inheritance
Pitta-Pitta maka inheritance
Rirratjingu dhaŋutha unknown
Ritharrngu gurtha inheritance
Walmajarri warlu inheritance
Wangkayutyuru maka inheritance
Wubuy ngura inheritance
Yan-nhangu rulŋgitj inheritance
Yandruwandha maka inheritance
Yarluyandi thuru inheritance
Yawarrawarrka maka inheritance
Yawuru jalalu; junggu jalalu; jungku inheritance
Achagua ʧiʧtái ʧiʧtái inheritance See Language page
Piapoco quichái, síyái kitʃái, síjái See Language page
Kabiyari kira'ari kiraʔari See Language page
Yavitero kaľ̥i kaľ̥i See Language page
Bare kameni kameni See Language page
Wapishana tʰikʰaẓi tʰikʰaẓi inheritance Proto-Arawak See Language page
Mandawaka iʒíːde iʒíːde See Language page
Wayuu siki Also means 'firewood' 01.880. See Language page
Yine yošika Means to make fire; to fix the fire is yotʸpaka. See Language page
Paresi initima initima unknown See Language page
Ignaciano yuku; -yuku-ne See Language page
Trinitario yuku; -yukne See Language page
Baure 'ya-ki ja-ki unknown See Language page
Waurá ic̷ei i¢ei inheritance See Language page
Arutani ani ani See Language page
Sape šoko ʃoko See Language page
Cha'palaa ɲi Also means 'seed' 08.311. See Language page
Bora kʰḯḯxï-kwa kʰɯ́ɯ́xɯ-kwa inheritance See Language page
Muinane kɨ́ɨxɨ-gai, kusííbai kɨ́ɨxɨ-gai, kusííbai See Language page
Akawaio abok abɔk inheritance Pemongan See Language page
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect apoʔ, kamatu apoʔ, kamatu See Language page
Apalai apoto apoto inheritance See Language page
Wayana wapot wapot inheritance See Language page
Tiriyó mahto (fire; matches) mahto inheritance See Language page
Makiritare wāʔto (IDS) (Also dudīnɲɨ); dudi:nñü, wa:'to (KH) dudi:nɲɨ (KH), wa:ʔto inheritance See Language page
Mapoyo wa'to wa'to See Language page
Wai Wai wehto wehto inheritance See Language page
Waimiri Atroari waty watɨ See Language page
Yabarana wahto See Language page
Yukpa étav weta See Language page
Kalapalo ito ito inheritance See Language page
Muisca gata γata See Language page
Barí kaaḍɨ Colombia: kadɨrə. *Chibchan form is *'gi. See Language page
Northern Emberá tɨbʉ́-eradrɨ́a tɨbʉ́-eradrɨ́a See Language page
Epena 'tʰɨpɨ 'tau Lit. 'fire round-unit/eye' 04.210, also see 'firewood' 01.880. See Language page
Guayabero hit, law unique See Language page
Macaguan -pe-narrútab-ia, -pe-narrúb-ia -pe-narútab-ia, -pe-narúb-ia unique See Language page
Cofán si´nge siʔⁿgɛ phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra somaasi somaasi unique See Language page
Taushiro honto´ hontoʔ See Language page
Páez ipy See Language page
Tikuna ü4xü3 (A58) ɨʔɨ unique See Language page
Urarina isi isi unique See Language page
Camsa íɲe, níɲe íɲe, níɲe See Language page
Andoke ʌpa ʌpa unique See Language page
Pumé kjõdȩ See Language page
Puinave də də unique See Language page
Máku nühẽ nühẽ See Language page
Ashuar ji xi See Language page
Huambisa jii xi: See Language page
Aguaruna jíi xí: inheritance See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect tǝːg inheritance See Language page
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect tǝːg See Language page
Matses cuëte kuɨte unique See Language page
Kakataibo c̷ii Also ɨ̃'ṣ̌a 'fire for cooking'. *Panoan *čiʔi. See Language page
Katukina ṣ̌iʔi See Language page
Pacahuara 'čiʔi d'Orb čihi, chii. Arm čii. See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo čii See Language page
Yaminahua čii See Language page
Chácobo čiʔi čiʔi inheritance See Language page
Yagua jiday xindaj unique See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua nina nina See Language page
Ingá nina nina See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua nina nina See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano nina nina See Language page
Piaroa okurä ɔkuɾæ unknown See Language page
Sáliva ohsa oʔsa unknown See Language page
Bará pe'kabẽ See Language page
Barasano hea hea See Language page
Carapana peero pɛɛɾɔ See Language page
Makuna jea; jea ʉ̃jᵾrise (jea also means 'firewood') xea; xea ɨ̃xɨrise inheritance See Language page
Yuruti pe'kã́-bẽ pe'kã́-bẽ See Language page
Waikhana pe'ka pe'ka See Language page
Siriano peámée peámée See Language page
Tanimuca pe'ka pe'ka inheritance See Language page
Tatuyo pee-'ro pee-'ro See Language page
Tuyuka pe'ka-bẽ peʔka-bẽ See Language page
Waimaja ᵽɛkʰámẽ̀ ɸɛkʰámẽ̀ See Language page
Koreguaje toa thoa inheritance See Language page
Siona toa toa inheritance See Language page
Secoya toa to'a See Language page
Karitiana iso iso unknown See Language page
Kokama tata tata inheritance See Language page
Wayampi tata tata inheritance See Language page
Aché tata inheritance See Language page
Chiriguano tata inheritance See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní t-ata See Language page
Sirionó tata; erata tata; erata inheritance See Language page
Kamayurá ɑtɑ ɑtɑ inheritance See Language page
Ocaina tyaaro tʲaaro inheritance See Language page
Nɨpode Witoto irái-kï irái-kɯ See Language page
Minica Witoto irai irai See Language page
Murui Witoto irai irai inheritance See Language page
Wari še ʃe From ša-yišiʔ. See Language page
Araona kʷa-ti *Tacn form is *ti-. See Language page
Ese Ejja kʷa-ki inheritance See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo kwaki kwaki See Language page
Tacana #NAME? See Language page
Cavineña e-ti-ki e-ti-ki inheritance See Language page
Central Aymara nina nina See Language page
Cayuvava data Also dada 'in the fire'. See Language page
Itonama u-bari Same as 'firewood' 01.880. See Language page
Kwazá hi, -nã, -terjỹ hi, -nã, -terjỹ See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané 'c̷ih See Language page
Movima βeʔe βeʔe See Language page
Trumai so so unique See Language page
Kaingang pĩ pĩ See Language page
Canela ii-rə̃ *Jê form is *rã. See Language page
Suyá kutɨ kutɨ See Language page
Karajá heɔtɨ See Language page
Djeoromitxi pitxe pitʃe See Language page
Chipaya ux Uru-J form is ux. See Language page
Mocoví norek See Language page
Pilagá 'd-oleʔ See Language page
Toba nodek See Language page
Lengua taɬa See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité taɬa See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet taaɬa See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay i'toh See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja etyeʔ (f.) See Language page
Maca fet (m.) Cf. 'lamp' 07.450. See Language page
Nivaclé itɔx fire Arribeños dialect has itax. https://ids.clld.org/
Ayoreo pii'o-i See Language page
Mapudungun kɨṭ͡ʀal Same form in Ranquel. See Language page
Qawasqar afc̷ˀar Also means 'firewood'. Bo, Fe, SpC, Li record c̷ˀarkwes; Sk records statal for Central QWS, (cf. 'embers' 01.841). Fi, Hy, SpS record tetel for South QWS. See Language page
Selknam xàhwḳˀ-n See Language page
Tehuelche 'yayk See Language page
Lokono ikhi ikʰi fire Pet 1987:357
Kariña wa'to waʔto fire Yamada 2010:825