Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

two

Semantic Field: number
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: dos
Meaning Portuguese: dois

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Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Loan Source	General Notes	Source
Achagua	tʃáma- (dp91), 'tʃamai	tʃáma- (dp91), 'tʃamai		inheritance			See Language page
Aché		mirõ		unknown			See Language page
Aguaruna	jímag	ximang		inheritance			See Language page
Akawaio	azarö	azarö		inheritance	Proto-Carib?		See Language page
Andoke	ʌʌ́hʌmá	ʌʌ́hʌmá		unique			See Language page
Apalai	asakoro	asakoro		inheritance			See Language page
Arabana	parkulu			inheritance
Araona		beta; beta-kata				Tacn form is beta.	See Language page
Arutani	komana	komana					See Language page
Ashuar	jímiar	ximiar					See Language page
Ayoreo		'gareʔ				Verb form. Also adj.: 'gare-i; 'gare-o'de; 'gare-dieʔ.	See Language page
Baniwa	dzáma- (hr01)	dzáma- (hr01)		inheritance			See Language page
Bankalachi Toloim	wah' (wŏh') 169; wo (K1907)			inheritance
Barasano	hɨa-	hɨa-					See Language page
Bardi	guyarra	kuyarra		inheritance
Bare	bikũ(nama)	bikũ(nama)					See Language page
Bará		pɨa-					See Language page
Barí		ĩĩsaami				Colombia: ʔisaminə. Chibchan form is 'bu.	See Language page
Baure	m-a'pi-n	m-a'pi-n		inheritance			See Language page
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone	waattyn (wahan “twice”)			inheritance
Bora	mínyéékʰïḯ; mi- + classifier (T98)	mínjέέkʰ ɯɯ́		inheritance			See Language page
Bunuba	thurranda			unknown
Burarra	-gulirrwirrka			unknown
Cahuilla	wih			inheritance			S&H 1979
Camsa	úta	úta					See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra	tsĩbonó	tsĩmponó		unique			See Language page
Carapana	'pɨ́ga	'pɨ́ga					See Language page
Carijona	səkənərə			inheritance			See Language page
Cavineña	beta	beta		inheritance			See Language page
Cayuvava		mitia					See Language page
Central Aymara	paya	paya					See Language page
Central Sierra Miwok	7oTi:/-			inheritance
Cha'palaa		'palʸu					See Language page
Chemehuevi	waha/			inheritance
Chipaya		piška				Uru-J form is piška. Uru-I form is pisti.	See Language page
Chiriguano		mõkoi		inheritance			See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja		intak				Cf. 'twins' 02.458.	See Language page
Chumash Barbareno	7ishkom'			inheritance			Klar 1977:29, 120
Chumash Cruzeno	7ishchom			inheritance			Klar 1977:29, 120
Chumash Ineseno	7ishkom'			inheritance			A 184, klar 1977:29
Chumash Obispeno	7estyu7			inheritance			Klar 1977:29, 120
Chumash Ventureno	7ishkom'			inheritance			Klar 1977:29, 120
Chácobo	raβɨta	raβɨta		inheritance			See Language page
Cocopa	xwak “to be two”			inheritance
Cofán	ccoangi´cco	kʰʷaŋgiʔkʰo				phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS	See Language page
Comanche	waha-, wahatI			inheritance
Cubeo	pʉcarã (anim. "two"), pʉcarõa (inan. "two"); pʉcaðoa ãmuyoa ĩni ("two fingers out/up" see entry for "one)	pɨkarã, pɨkarõa; pɨkaðoa ãmujoa ĩni		inheritance			See Language page
Cupeño	wih	[wih]		inheritance
Desano	pe-	pe-		inheritance			See Language page
Dhangu	bulal			unknown
Dhuwal	märrma'			inheritance
Dhuwala	märrma'			inheritance
Diyari	mandu			semantic shift
DiyariREU	mandu			semantic shift
Djambarrpuyngu	märrma'			inheritance
Djapu	märrma'			inheritance
Djeoromitxi	djebo	dʒebo					See Language page
Djinang	bilawili			unknown
Dâw	tʉʉ́m [cf. tʉm ‘eye’]	tɨ̌m		unique			See Language page
Epena		o'me					See Language page
Ese Ejja		ɓeka		inheritance			See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo	biawe; beka	biawe; beka					See Language page
Esselen	kxulax			unknown			Shaul 1995
Eñepa	asak	asak		inheritance			See Language page
Gabrielino	wehe			inheritance
Gajirrabeng	ganggoob			unique	NJ
Gooniyandi	garndiwirri			unique
Guayabero		koʔlé-n-he		unique			See Language page
Gupapuyngu	märrma'			inheritance
Gurindji	kujarra			inheritance
Hodï	weyata			unique			See Language page
Huambisa	jimar	ximar					See Language page
Hup	koʔap, kəwǝgʔap ['eye-quantity']	koʔap, kəwǝgʔap ['eye-quantity']		inheritance			See Language page
Ignaciano		apina; apiki; apipe					See Language page
Iipay 'Aa	hewak	[xəˈwaq]		inheritance
Ingá	iskai	iskai					See Language page
Iquito	cuúmi (inanimate), cuúpɨ (animate)	kuúmi (inanimate), kuúpɨ (animate)		unique			See Language page
Itonama		...čupa				Prefix depends on class.	See Language page
Jabirr-Jabirr	kujarra	kujarra		inheritance
Jaru	kujarra			inheritance
Jawi	kooyarra	kuyarra		inheritance
Kabiyari	tʃumaa- (dp91)	tʃumaa- (dp91)					See Language page
Kaingang	règre	rɛŋre					See Language page
Kakataibo		ra'βɨ				Panoan raβɨta.	See Language page
Kakua		ʧenê-wa [two-pl]		inheritance			See Language page
Kalapalo	takiko	takiko		unknown			See Language page
Kamayurá	mokõj	mokõj		inheritance			See Language page
Karajarri	kujarra			inheritance
Karajá		inači					See Language page
Kariña	oko	oko	two				Yamada 2010:783
Karitiana	sypõm	sɨpõm		unknown			See Language page
Katukina		nɨska-βɨkoĩ					See Language page
Kawaiisu	waha-ju			inheritance
Kija	pangariny			unique
Kiliwa	xwaq			inheritance
Kitanemuk	woh			inheritance
Kokama	mucuica	mukuika		inheritance			See Language page
Koreguaje	dorepañoã (Spanish loan)	dorepaɲoã		loan	Spanish		See Language page
Kotiria	phʉa (stenz rev) pʰʉáro (stenz)	pʰʉa (stenz rev) pʰʉáro (stenz)		inheritance	E Tuk		See Language page
Kwazá	akyta, aky-	akyta, aky-					See Language page
Lake Miwok	7o/TTa			inheritance
Lengua		#NAME?					See Language page
Lokono	bian	bian	two				Pet 1987:376
Luiseño	weh			inheritance
Maca		wec̷xuk				Cf. 'twins' 02.458.	See Language page
Macaguan	yapó	japó		inheritance			See Language page
Maidu	pe/ne			inheritance
Maihiki	tepe ja	tepe xã		unique			See Language page
Makiritare	āʔkə (IDS); a:kö (KH)	a:ʔkə (IDS); a:kə (KH)		inheritance			See Language page
Makuna	hɨa-	hɨa-		inheritance			See Language page
Makushi	sáákɨ-né	sáákɨ-né		inheritance			See Language page
Malyangapa	barcoolo			loan	Karnic
Mangala	nguyarra			inheritance
Mapoyo	sakenarï	sakenarʊ					See Language page
Mapudungun		epu				Same in Ranquel.	See Language page
Matses	daëd	daɨd		unknown			See Language page
Minica Witoto	ména	mέna					See Language page
Miriwung	ganggoobeleng			unique	NJ
Mithaka	parkula			inheritance
Mocoví		[doos]-olḳaiʔ				From Span. 'dos' + diminutive (plural several).	See Language page
Mojave	havik			inheritance
Mosetén-Chimané		pæ'ræʔ					See Language page
Movima	oi-ra	oi-ra					See Language page
Mudburra	kujarra
Mudburra	kujarra			inheritance
Muinane	míínokkɨ	míínokkɨ					See Language page
Muisca	boza	botʂa					See Language page
Murui Witoto	mena	mɛna		inheritance/Witotoan			See Language page
Mutsun	7uthin			inheritance			O77:255
Máku	baʔta	baʔta, nu'ʔu					See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect		póʔwóp, póʔwóp ha		unique			See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua	ishcai	iʃkai					See Language page
Ngamini	par[a]kuna			inheritance
Ngandi	yapan'			inheritance?
Ngarluma	gutharra
Ngumbarl	koojarra	<koojarra>		inheritance
Nheengatu	mũkũy	mũkũj		inheritance			See Language page
Nhirrpi	parrkulu			inheritance
Nimanburru	gudjar	kujar		inheritance
Ninam	kup; yalukup, tšarakep (EM72)	kup; jalukup, tʃaɾakep		unique			See Language page
Nisenan	pe:n			inheritance
Nivaclé		napuʔ	two				https://ids.clld.org/
Northern Emberá	u'me (IDS)	u'me (IDS)					See Language page
Northern Mangarla	nguyarra			inheritance
Northern Nyangumarta	kujarra			inheritance
Northern Paiute	waha			inheritance			Thornes 03:140
Northern Sierra Miwok	7oTi:ko-			inheritance
Nukak		t∫ɛne1		inheritance			See Language page
Nyangumarta	kujarra			inheritance
Nyikina	-jarra	-jarra		inheritance
Nyulnyul	gujarr	kujarr		inheritance
Nɨpode Witoto	ména	mέna					See Language page
Ocaina	jan̈aa	han:aa		unique			See Language page
Paakantyi	bargol			loan	Karnic
Pacahuara		ra'wɨ				d'Orb irabuixna. Arm rabue.	See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní		mokõi					See Language page
Paresi	hinama	hinama		inheritance			See Language page
Pemon	sakne, saknan, sak, saare (all mean two) (A1981); asakrö (E1980); saakü'ne (M2000)	sakne, saknan, sak, sa:ɾe (A1981); asakrö (E1980)		inheritance			See Language page
Piapoco	pucháiba	putʃáiba					See Language page
Piaroa	taju	tãjũ		inheritance			See Language page
Pilagá		[doos]-olḳ-a				Lit. 'two-masc. dimin.-plsv'.	See Language page
Pirriya	parrkulu			inheritance
Pitta-Pitta	parrhkula			inheritance
Plains Miwok	7o:jok:o-			unknown
Puinave	kau	kau		unique			See Language page
Pumé	ñõãrĩ						See Language page
Páez	e´nz						See Language page
Qawasqar		woḳs				Sk, Bo record wokɬ for Central QWS. Fi, Hy record telkwaw for South QWS.	See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano	iskay	iskaj					See Language page
Resígaro	migaakú	migaakú		loan	Boran		See Language page
Rirratjingu	bulal, ma:rrma
Ritharrngu	bulal'			inheritance
Salinan A	ka/khcu (A), “two”			unknown
Salinan M	xA'kic			unknown			Mason 1918:153
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité		apkanit; akanit					See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet		aʔnet; tos					See Language page
Sanumá	polakapi (EM72)	polakapi (EM72)		inheritance			See Language page
Sape	kɨrya	kɨɾya					See Language page
Secoya	cayaye	kaja'jɛ					See Language page
Selknam		s-è-oki					See Language page
Seri (Comcaac)	coocj			unknown
Serrano	wOh			inheritance
Shipibo-Konibo		ra-βɨ					See Language page
Sikuani	anija (2), anijabe	aníja, aníjabe		inheritance	Sik-Cuiva-Playero group; Arawak, e.g. Warekena enaba, Yucuna iyama		See Language page
Siona	samõ	samõ		doubtful loan	Arawak		See Language page
Siriano	pe-	pe-					See Language page
Sirionó	ɲeremo	ɲeremo		unknown			See Language page
Southern Paiute	wa:-			inheritance
Southern Pastaza Quechua	ishcay	iʃkaj					See Language page
Southern Sierra Miwok	7oTiH-			inheritance
Southern Ute	wa-, waini, waivitavichI			inheritance
Suyá	aĵkúr	aĵkúr					See Language page
Sáliva	tomesahga, tũjũhdu (anim.)	tomesaʔga, tũhũʔdu (anim.)		inheritance			See Language page
Tacana		beta					See Language page
Tanimuca	ĩʔpõ'õ	ĩʔpõ'õ		inheritance			See Language page
Tariana	iamé(pa) (dp91), yamá-da, ɲamá-da	iamé(pa) (dp91), jamá-da, ɲamá-da		inheritance			See Language page
Tatuyo	pɨ̋ga	pɨ̋ga					See Language page
Taushiro	achini	aʃini					See Language page
Tehuelche		'hawke					See Language page
Tikuna	taxre [4, 2]	taʔɾe		unique			See Language page
Tiriyó	ëëkënë	ǝǝkǝnǝ		inheritance			See Language page
Toba		[doos]-olḳ-a; [doos]-ole				From Span. 'dos'-diminutive-(with 'plural-several' on the first form). Respectively: masc and fem.	See Language page
Trinitario		apina					See Language page
Trumai	uuš	uuš		unique			See Language page
Tukano	pʉárã	pɨárã		inheritance	E Tuk		See Language page
Tuyuka	pɨa-	pɨa-					See Language page
Tübatulabal	woh, woo			inheritance
Tümpisa Shoshone	waha(ttyn)			inheritance
Urarina	koḍzataha-i	kotʃataha-i		unique			See Language page
Wai Wai	From 'two' on, the numbers are borrowed from Portuguese, English, Dutch, according to which nation the group is dwelling in.			missing			See Language page
Waikhana	pɨ'a-	pɨ'a-					See Language page
Waimaja	pɨ́á	pɨ́á					See Language page
Waimiri Atroari	typytyna	tɨpɨtɨna					See Language page
Walmajarri	kurriny			inheritance
Wangkayutyuru	parrkulu			inheritance
Waorani	mẽmaa bi mę́ná mę́a			unique			See Language page
Wapishana	dyaʔɨtʰam	djaʔɨtʰam		inheritance	Proto-Arawak		See Language page
Wappo	ho/pi			inheritance
Warao	mana -mo (mana=pair, -mo=ABL, (fingers) coming from in a pair, pg 55)	mana -mo (mana=paiɾ, -mo=ABL, fingeɾs coming fɾom in a paiɾ, pg 55)					See Language page
Wari	tuku karakan	tuku karakan				Lit. 'facing each other'.	See Language page
Warrwa	gujarra	kujarra		inheritance
Washo	he/sge7			unknown			J103
Waurá	mepĩyãwã	mepĩjãwã		inheritance			See Language page
Wayampi	mɔkɔ̃y	mɔkɔ̃j		inheritance			See Language page
Wayana	hakëne	hakǝne		inheritance			See Language page
Wayuu		piama					See Language page
Western Mono	waha/-i			inheritance
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay		[lus]				From Span. 'dos'.	See Language page
Wintu	pa:l			inheritance
Wubuy	wula			loan
Yabarana		asa'əma					See Language page
Yagua	adajuy	andaxũj		unique			See Language page
Yaminahua		rãβɨ					See Language page
Yan-nhangu	bulal'			unknown
Yandruwandha	parrkulu (rarely parrku)			inheritance
Yanomam	porakapi (EM72)	poɾakapi		inheritance			See Language page
Yanomami	horohopɨ (two, in a pair,in a small amount MM07), porakapɨ (two, a few, poraka=in pair MM07 ) (EM72)	hoɾohopɨ, poɾakapɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Yarluyandi	parrkulu			inheritance
Yavapai	hwa/ki, hwa^ki			inheritance
Yavitero	c̷i'naha	tsi'naha					See Language page
Yawarrawarrka	parkutili			inheritance
Yawuru	kujarra	kujarra		inheritance
Yine		hepi				Piro-Apuriná form is hepi.	See Language page
Yokuts Palewyami	pongoy' JPH; pongoy W&G			inheritance			JPH Gamble 91
Yokuts Yawdanchi	pHongoy			inheritance			K07, G64
Yokuts Yowlumne	ponoy			inheritance			W&G 1986
Yuhup	b’ǝ́́ʔ	b’ǝ́́ʔ		unique			See Language page
Yuki	7ope, 7opa			inheritance			S&S1984
Yukpa	koja, kósar	kosa					See Language page
Yukuna	iyamá	ijamá (dp91)		inheritance			See Language page
Yuma	xavi/k “to be two” H4:21			inheritance
Yuruti	pɨ'á-	pɨ'á-					See Language page
Záparo	amashaniki	amaʃaniki					See Language page


Achagua
Aché
Aguaruna
Akawaio
Andoke
Apalai
Arabana
Araona
Arutani
Ashuar
Ayoreo
Baniwa
Bankalachi Toloim
Barasano
Bardi
Bare
Bará
Barí
Baure
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Bora
Bunuba
Burarra
Cahuilla
Camsa
Candoshi-Shapra
Carapana
Carijona
Cavineña
Cayuvava
Central Aymara
Central Sierra Miwok
Cha'palaa
Chemehuevi
Chipaya
Chiriguano
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Cruzeno
Chumash Ineseno
Chumash Obispeno
Chumash Ventureno
Chácobo
Cocopa
Cofán
Comanche
Cubeo
Cupeño
Desano
Dhangu
Dhuwal
Dhuwala
Diyari
DiyariREU
Djambarrpuyngu
Djapu
Djeoromitxi
Djinang
Dâw
Epena
Ese Ejja
Ese Ejja/Huarayo
Esselen
Eñepa
Gabrielino
Gajirrabeng
Gooniyandi
Guayabero
Gupapuyngu
Gurindji
Hodï
Huambisa
Hup
Ignaciano
Iipay 'Aa
Ingá
Iquito
Itonama
Jabirr-Jabirr
Jaru
Jawi
Kabiyari
Kaingang
Kakataibo
Kakua
Kalapalo
Kamayurá
Karajarri
Karajá
Kariña
Karitiana
Katukina
Kawaiisu
Kija
Kiliwa
Kitanemuk
Kokama
Koreguaje
Kotiria
Kwazá
Lake Miwok
Lengua
Lokono
Luiseño
Maca
Macaguan
Maidu
Maihiki
Makiritare
Makuna
Makushi
Malyangapa
Mangala
Mapoyo
Mapudungun
Matses
Minica Witoto
Miriwung
Mithaka
Mocoví
Mojave
Mosetén-Chimané
Movima
Mudburra
Mudburra
Muinane
Muisca
Murui Witoto
Mutsun
Máku
Nadëb/Roçado dialect
Napo Lowland Quichua
Ngamini
Ngandi
Ngarluma
Ngumbarl
Nheengatu
Nhirrpi
Nimanburru
Ninam
Nisenan
Nivaclé
Northern Emberá
Northern Mangarla
Northern Nyangumarta
Northern Paiute
Northern Sierra Miwok
Nukak
Nyangumarta
Nyikina
Nyulnyul
Nɨpode Witoto
Ocaina
Paakantyi
Pacahuara
Paraguayan Guaraní
Paresi
Pemon
Piapoco
Piaroa
Pilagá
Pirriya
Pitta-Pitta
Plains Miwok
Puinave
Pumé
Páez
Qawasqar
Quechua Ayacuchano
Resígaro
Rirratjingu
Ritharrngu
Salinan A
Salinan M
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet
Sanumá
Sape
Secoya
Selknam
Seri (Comcaac)
Serrano
Shipibo-Konibo
Sikuani
Siona
Siriano
Sirionó
Southern Paiute
Southern Pastaza Quechua
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Ute
Suyá
Sáliva
Tacana
Tanimuca
Tariana
Tatuyo
Taushiro
Tehuelche
Tikuna
Tiriyó
Toba
Trinitario
Trumai
Tukano
Tuyuka
Tübatulabal
Tümpisa Shoshone
Urarina
Wai Wai
Waikhana
Waimaja
Waimiri Atroari
Walmajarri
Wangkayutyuru
Waorani
Wapishana
Wappo
Warao
Wari
Warrwa
Washo
Waurá
Wayampi
Wayana
Wayuu
Western Mono
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay
Wintu
Wubuy
Yabarana
Yagua
Yaminahua
Yan-nhangu
Yandruwandha
Yanomam
Yanomami
Yarluyandi
Yavapai
Yavitero
Yawarrawarrka
Yawuru
Yine
Yokuts Palewyami
Yokuts Yawdanchi
Yokuts Yowlumne
Yuhup
Yuki
Yukpa
Yukuna
Yuma
Yuruti
Záparo

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