Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

meat/flesh

Semantic Field
fauna
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
carne
Meaning Portuguese
carne

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Bankalachi Toloim too-how'-wahl 195 inheritance
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone tukku” “meat, flesh, body, mountain sheep” inheritance
Cahuilla wa'ish inheritance S&H 1979
Central Sierra Miwok 7och:uku- inheritance
Chemehuevi tuku/av(i) inheritance
Chumash Barbareno 7am'in inheritance Klar 1977:96
Chumash Cruzeno le7esh unknown JPH
Chumash Ineseno 7amyn' inheritance Klar 1977:96
Chumash Obispeno 7imy(7) inheritance Klar 1977:96
Chumash Ventureno 7amamy “body, meat” inheritance Klar 1977:132
Cocopa 7ima:c unknown
Comanche tuhkU “body, flesh” inheritance
Cupeño wa'i-sh [waɁɪʃ] inheritance
Esselen tatsi loan T&S 1981:120
Gabrielino -tu:ken inheritance
Iipay 'Aa kukwaayp [kʊˈkʷaˑip] unknown
Kawaiisu pa7a-vi inheritance
Kiliwa 7-xaq unknown
Kitanemuk 7a-tap “meat, sinew” inheritance
Lake Miwok Su/kki “deer, meat” unique
Luiseño wa:7i-sh inheritance
Maidu wa/\k' inheritance
Mojave 7ichathoo, kwiikway (latter esp. “beef”) unknown
Mutsun to:Te “deer, meat” unknown O77:32, 112
Nisenan kyjysy “animal, meat” unknown
Northern Paiute tuku inheritance Thornes 03:107
Northern Sierra Miwok ci:ci- loan
Plains Miwok 7yme:na- unknown
Salinan A math (A), ), pl ma7The/lakh “meat, flesh, animal” unknown
Salinan M ma'TH 'meat, flesh, animal' unknown Mason 1918:127
Seri (Comcaac) ipxa/si unknown
Serrano -tuk inheritance R&E2000:86
Southern Paiute tuq:ua-S inheritance
Southern Sierra Miwok mice:ma inheritance
Southern Ute tYkapY, tYkuavI, etc. inheritance
Tübatulabal tukuwa/-n inheritance
Tümpisa Shoshone tukkua7ityn, inheritance
Wappo k'e/shu “meat, deer” loan
Washo ʔá:daš unknown Washo Project
Western Mono tu/kU ; inheritance
Wintu ci:r loan into protolanguage, direction unknown
Yavapai kWe\:tho/va “meat, game” unknown
Yokuts Palewyami ke/-kel-e: inheritance CHM Berman 2002
Yokuts Yawdanchi ce\cat (she:shat) inheritance K07:244
Yokuts Yowlumne c'ixil inheritance N1964
Yuki mil (see “deer”) inheritance S&S 1984
Baniwa -íipe -íipe inheritance See Language page
Carijona tənəemɨ unique See Language page
Cubeo jiarʉ (generic term), puaijaʉbo, totaibo. xiarɨ (generic term), puaixaɨbo, totaibo. inheritance See Language page
Dâw dep dæp inheritance See Language page
Desano diro diro inheritance See Language page
Eñepa are, aretyo (MM) are, aretjo (MM) unique See Language page
Hodï i'nE unique See Language page
Waorani baõ unique See Language page
Hup d'áp d'áp inheritance See Language page
Kakua dep loan Nadahup: Hup d'áp See Language page
Makushi saráru saráru unique See Language page
Nheengatu çuukwera suukwera inheritance See Language page
Ninam pili yãhi, tsaro yãi (EM72) pili jãhi, tsaɾo jãi inheritance See Language page
Nukak t∫kɨi2 unique See Language page
Maihiki bai ja bai xã inheritance See Language page
Pemon yeei piikpö (E1980); ipun (M2000) pun; ipuŋ (E1980) inheritance See Language page
Resígaro gí?í gíʔí inheritance See Language page
Sanumá tsãi tə (EM72) tsãi tə inheritance See Language page
Sikuani pe-wí:-to inheritance See Language page
Tariana dí-pe dí-pe inheritance See Language page
Tukano di'í (hr) di'í (hr) inheritance E Tuk See Language page
Kotiria di'i diʔi inheritance E Tuk See Language page
Yanomam yãhi jãhi inheritance See Language page
Yanomami pei yãhi, yãhi (EM72) pei jãhi, jãhi inheritance See Language page
Yukuna i'iji iʔihi inheritance See Language page
Yuhup d'ǎp d'ǎp inheritance See Language page
Arabana kathi inheritance
Bardi baangga XXngl meat without bones baangka inheritance
Bunuba mulha
Burarra minyjak unknown
Dhangu wäyin unknown
Dhuwal ŋanak
Dhuwala ŋanak inheritance
Diyari nganthi inheritance
DiyariREU [missing] missing
Djambarrpuyngu ŋanak inheritance
Djapu ŋanak inheritance
Djinang munydjal unknown
Gajirrabeng ngardin inheritance
Gooniyandi maa
Gupapuyngu ŋanak inheritance
Gurindji ngarin loan Miriwung
Jaru guyu inheritance
Karajarri 4390 inheritance
Kija miyal- inheritance
Malyangapa wanga loan direction unknown
Mangala kuyi inheritance
Miriwung ngarin inheritance
Mithaka ngatyandura unique
Mudburra jiya
Mudburra jiya inheritance
Ngamini nganytyi inheritance
Ngarluma murla
Ngumbarl wallee <wallee> inheritance
Nhirrpi kathi inheritance
Nimanburru bang.g bang.k inheritance
Northern Mangarla kuyi
Northern Nyangumarta kuwi inheritance
Nyangumarta kuwi inheritance
Nyikina nilany nilany inheritance
Nyulnyul marbar; pad@iad(a) marbar unique
Paakantyi maanpa unique
Pirriya yudi
Pitta-Pitta 711 inheritance
Rirratjingu ŋanak
Ritharrngu dhäŋgu loan
Walmajarri kuyi inheritance
Wangkayutyuru kathi inheritance
Yan-nhangu däŋgu inheritance
Yandruwandha "kathi, palgupalgu" inheritance
Yarluyandi ngantji inheritance
Yawarrawarrka [missing] missing
Yawuru nilany nilany inheritance
Achagua í:naʃi í:naʃi inheritance See Language page
Piapoco iinási iinási See Language page
Kabiyari i'i iʔi See Language page
Yavitero enami enami See Language page
Wapishana ˀdɨnaa ˀdɨnaa inheritance Proto-Arawak See Language page
Wayuu asaľa See Language page
Yine nikči-hitɨ See Language page
Paresi eteti, enete; oliti eteti, enete; oliti inheritance See Language page
Ignaciano -eče; ta-eče The latter is animal meat. See Language page
Trinitario ʔrak'parahi See Language page
Baure n-eš n-eʃ inheritance See Language page
Waurá -hɨtai -hɨtai unknown See Language page
Arutani mitsa mitsa See Language page
Sape mɨan mɨan See Language page
Cha'palaa 'alʸa Also means 'pulpa (de fruta)', fruit pulp, flesh, and can refer to fish. See Language page
Bora ʔéékʰoó, toó, tʰá-tyo {'my flesh'} ʔέέkʰoó, toó, tʰá-tʲjo {'my flesh'} doubtful loan (into protolanguage?), direction unknown Murui/Minica Witoto See Language page
Muinane úúku, dúú-xoʔo {edible}, asímɨ úúku, dúú-xoʔo {edible}, asímɨ See Language page
Akawaio puung puŋ inheritance Proto-Carib See Language page
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect puŋ puŋ See Language page
Apalai punu, tõsemy punu, tõsemɨ inheritance; unknown See Language page
Wayana pun pun inheritance See Language page
Tiriyó kupu(nu), pu(nu) kupu(nu), pu(nu) inheritance See Language page
Makiritare hyunu (IDS, KH) hjunu inheritance See Language page
Mapoyo punu-'bë (the same wd appears in many body part entries- leg, calf, gums, belly, torso, etc.) punu-'bɛ (the same wd appears in manj bodj part entries- leg, calf, gums, bellj, torso, etc.) See Language page
Wai Wai yu-Φu-n yu-Φu-n inheritance See Language page
Waimiri Atroari wyty wɨtɨ See Language page
Yabarana pu'nuhpə See Language page
Yukpa kupuko dʒipu See Language page
Kalapalo ifuŋu ifuŋu inheritance See Language page
Muisca chimy ʂimɨ See Language page
Barí aaidyi See Language page
Northern Emberá ǰi-ko 'meat, food' (IDS) ǰi-ko 'meat, food' (IDS) See Language page
Epena (ne-)'čiara Lit. '(gen.)-meat'. See Language page
Guayabero pa-wí-t inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page
Macaguan pe-wít inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page
Cuiva pe-wí-to carne, flesh Huber & Reed 1992:265
Playero pe-wí-to See Language page
Cofán aña´cho, na aɲaʔtʃo phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra notsich notsitʃ doubtful loan, direction unknown Paez See Language page
Taushiro a´ya´ta aʔjaʔta See Language page
Páez chich tʃitʃ See Language page
Tikuna namachi [3-5, 5, 3] namatʃi doubtful loan Jivaroan See Language page
Urarina inio inio unique See Language page
Camsa mɨntɕéna mɨntɕéna See Language page
Andoke itsü(h) (RW52) unique See Language page
Pumé ngõã See Language page
Puinave #NAME? #NAME? unique See Language page
Máku muči mutʃi See Language page
Ashuar namáng namaŋ See Language page
Huambisa namag namaŋg See Language page
Aguaruna néje nɨxɨ unique See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect dab inheritance See Language page
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect dab See Language page
Matses nami nami inheritance/Tacanan See Language page
Kakataibo nami na'ši 'tough meat'; kua-ti, ṣ̌ɨkua-ti (dial.) 'to want to eat meat'. See Language page
Katukina nami Also means 'flesh' 04.130. See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo nami See Language page
Yaminahua nami See Language page
Chácobo nami nami inheritance/Tacanan See Language page
Yagua saviy sawij unique See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua aycha ajtʃa See Language page
Ingá aicha aitʃa See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua aicha aitʃa See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano aycha ajtʃa See Language page
Piaroa chidepä tʃidepæ inheritance See Language page
Sáliva deha deʔa inheritance See Language page
Bará dii'ró See Language page
Barasano ri-ro ri-ro See Language page
Carapana rii ɾii See Language page
Makuna ri kuhi ri kuhi inheritance See Language page
Yuruti di'í di'í See Language page
Waikhana di'ʔi-ro di'ʔi-ro See Language page
Siriano dií dií See Language page
Tanimuca riʔ'ia riʔ'ia inheritance See Language page
Tatuyo rii-ro, 'rii rii-ro, 'rii See Language page
Tuyuka dii-'ro dii-ʔro See Language page
Waimaja ɨ́ᵽɨ́dì ɨ́ɸɨ́dì See Language page
Koreguaje va'i baʔi inheritance See Language page
Siona waʔi waʔi inheritance See Language page
Secoya hua'I capë waʔi 'kã'pɨ See Language page
Karitiana hĩm hĩm unknown See Language page
Kokama tsu tsu inheritance See Language page
Wayampi miya; -ɔʔɔ (CL) mija; -ɔʔɔ (CL) unique; inheritance See Language page
Aché oʔo inheritance See Language page
Chiriguano hewae; soo; (če-)roo; hoo inheritance See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní soʔo See Language page
Sirionó soo; eroo soo; eroo inheritance See Language page
Kamayurá h-aˀo (M2000) h-aˀo (M2000) inheritance See Language page
Ocaina dyajííhxa,onhaanjin dʲahííʔxa, õʔããhĩ inheritance See Language page
Nɨpode Witoto úa-tï, rḯǰe úa-tɯ, rɯ́dʒɛ See Language page
Minica Witoto ǰḯkï-θi, ḯ.e-θï, rḯǰe dʒɯ́kɯ-θi, ɯ́.ɛ-θɯ, rɯ́dʒɛ See Language page
Murui Witoto ǰïkï-θi, ï.e-θï dʒɯkɯ-θi, ɯ.ɛ-θɯ doubtful loan, direction unknown Boran See Language page
Iquito nasíija nasíiha unknown See Language page
Záparo ishu iʃu See Language page
Wari karawa (karamayišiʔ) karawa (karamajiʃiʔ) See Language page
Araona e-ami *Tacn form is *e-ŕami. Cf. 'flesh' 04.130. See Language page
Ese Ejja noe; e-yami inheritance/Panoan See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo e-yami e-yami See Language page
Tacana aiča; yami Cf. Quechua. The latter now means 'flesh'; obsolete meaning also included animal meat. See Language page
Cavineña e-rami e-rami inheritance/Panoan See Language page
Central Aymara aycha ayča See Language page
Cayuvava -iine ~ ine; kaine See Language page
Itonama u-waka Possibly from Span. 'vaca (cow/cattle)'. See Language page
Kwazá au, auxwana, -xwana au, auxwana, -xwana See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané šœš Also means 'flesh' 04.130. See Language page
Movima -toɗa -toɗa See Language page
Trumai lat, kodetl lat, kodetl unique See Language page
Kaingang nĩ -nĩ See Language page
Suyá ñi ñi See Language page
Karajá dee See Language page
Djeoromitxi nĩ nĩ See Language page
Chipaya čʰišwi Meat from wild animals is šalʸkˀa a specialized term, perhaps from Aymara (?). See Language page
Mocoví l-aʔat Also means 'flesh' 04.130. See Language page
Pilagá l-apat Also means 'flesh' 04.130. See Language page
Toba l-apat Also means 'flesh' 04.130. See Language page
Lengua apitik Also means 'flesh' 04.130. See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité aphapitik; apitik See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet aapetek See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay tˀi'san toh yuʔ Lit. 'flesh-conj. cooked'. See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja #NAME? Also means 'flesh' 04.130. See Language page
Maca ɬʔesen (m.) Cf. 'flesh' 04.130. See Language page
Nivaclé -sxaʔn flesh https://ids.clld.org/
Ayoreo a'ragaɲ̥ua Meat flour is ã'rii; m. roasted on the coals is ago'taa-i; m. that has little blood iboo'r-i; iboo'r-e. See Language page
Mapudungun ilo Same form in Ranquel. See Language page
Qawasqar c̷ewalc̷eḳ ClC, AgC, Sk, Bo, Ca, Se, Si, Fe record [yeper], from Selknam 'yèpr', for Central QWS. SpS records alkaɬ for South QWS. See Language page
Selknam yèpr See Language page
Tehuelche 'yepˀr See Language page
Lokono siroko(-ho) siɾoko(-ho) meat Pet 1987:363
Kariña tonomy tonomɨ meat; animal Yamada 2010:812