Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

man/male

Semantic Field: human
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: hombre
Meaning Portuguese: homem

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Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Loan Source	General Notes	Source
Achagua	waʃíalikua	waʃíalikua		inheritance			See Language page
Aché		kbaeʔe		inheritance			See Language page
Aguaruna	áishmag	áiʃmang		inheritance			See Language page
Akawaio	warawok	warawɔk		inheritance	Venezuelan		See Language page
Andoke	yo'hʌ	ʝoʔhʌ		unique			See Language page
Apalai	orutua	orutua		inheritance			See Language page
Arabana	karna			inheritance
Araona		dea				Tacn form is dexa.	See Language page
Arutani	maʔkya	maʔkya					See Language page
Ashuar	áints, áishmang	aints, aiʃmaŋ					See Language page
Ayoreo		ayo're-i					See Language page
Baniwa	atsíanli, newíki	atsíanɺi, newíki		inheritance			See Language page
Bankalachi Toloim	taht-wŏl/wāl 171, no'-no 225; dātwal (K1907)			loan
Barasano	~ɨbɨ	~ɨbɨ					See Language page
Bardi	wamb	wamb		inheritance
Bare	heñaɻi	heñaɻi					See Language page
Bará		baho'kɨ					See Language page
Barí		la				Colombia: darə.	See Language page
Baure	hi-ṛ̌	hi-ṛ̌		inheritance			See Language page
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone	tenkwan “man, adult”			loan direction unknown
Bora	kwa-xphi, mɨ́amḯnáa-xpʰi {being-male}	kwa-xphi, mɨ́amɯ́náa-xpʰi {being-male}		inheritance			See Language page
Bunuba	[missing]			missing
Burarra	wurra			unknown
Cahuilla	naxanish			loan			S&H 1979
Camsa	entɕá	entɕá					See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra	kamooza	kamooʂa		unique			See Language page
Carapana	caʉ̃mʉ	kaɨ̃mɨ					See Language page
Carijona	gɨrɨ			inheritance			See Language page
Cavineña	deka	deka		inheritance			See Language page
Cayuvava		'ki-asi					See Language page
Central Aymara	chacha	čača					See Language page
Central Sierra Miwok	nang:a-			inheritance
Cha'palaa		lʸu-pu				Lit. 'penis-is'. Also ['un'bee]-'ruku, from Span. 'hombre'. Cf. Quichua.	See Language page
Chemehuevi	taw7a/-ci “man”			loan direction unknown
Chipaya		luktaḳa; ṣ̌oɲi				Cf. 'husband' 02.310 and 'boy' 02.250. Uru-J form is lukwawa. Uru-I form is luxa.	See Language page
Chiriguano		kuiᵐbae		inheritance			See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja		ayinye					See Language page
Chumash Barbareno	7yhyj'			inheritance			Ono 1996:19
Chumash Cruzeno	7alamujun			unknown			JPH
Chumash Ineseno	7yhy/j'			inheritance			A 14, K1977:133
Chumash Obispeno	Lmon'o			unknown			Klar 1977:141
Chumash Ventureno	7at'axach'			loan			Harrington 1974:4
Chácobo	honi	honi		inheritance			See Language page
Cocopa	7apa/, 7apa:s			inheritance
Cofán	tsandie	tsandiɛ				phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS	See Language page
Comanche	tenahpy7			loan direction unknown
Cubeo	ʉ̃mʉ	ɨ̃mɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Cuiva		pébi-n	hombre, man				Huber & Reed 1992:38
Cupeño	naxani-sh	[naˈxanɪʃ]		loan
Desano	ʉ̃mʉ	ɨ̃mɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Dhangu	2254			unknown
Dhuwal	ḏarramu
Dhuwala	ḏirramu			inheritance
Diyari	matharri			inheritance
DiyariREU	[missing]			missing
Djambarrpuyngu	ḏirramu
Djapu	ḏarramu
Djeoromitxi	txiü	tʃiø					See Language page
Djinang	gumbirr maringgalgiṉingi
Dâw	xut	xut		inheritance			See Language page
Epena		ɨmɨ'kʰĩra					See Language page
Ese Ejja		e-ɗexa		inheritance			See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo	dexa	dexa					See Language page
Esselen	exe/-noch			unknown			Shaul 1995:197, 199, voc
Eñepa	apok; apo' (MM)	apok; apoʔ (MM)		unique			See Language page
Gabrielino	woroyt			inheritance
Gajirrabeng	jiwoogeng			inheritance
Gooniyandi	ngoombarna
Guayabero		poi		inheritance	Proto-Guahiban		See Language page
Gupapuyngu	2254
Gurindji	ngumpit			inheritance
Hodï	mari			unique			See Language page
Huambisa	ashmag	aʃmaŋg					See Language page
Hup	tiyǐʔ [1st syllable comes from 3sg pn tɨh]	tijǐʔ		inheritance			See Language page
Ignaciano		ahaira; ačane					See Language page
Iipay 'Aa	'iikwich	[Ɂiˑˈkʷɪtʃ]		unknown
Ingá	kari	kari					See Language page
Iquito	icuáni	ikuáni		unknown			See Language page
Itonama		u-mu					See Language page
Jaru	mabun			doubtful semantic shift
Kabiyari	t̪ijá-ri	t̪ijá-ɾi					See Language page
Kaingang	ũn-grè	ũn-ŋre; ŋrɛ					See Language page
Kakataibo		nukɨ βɨnɨ					See Language page
Kakua		newěʔ		unique			See Language page
Kalapalo	itoto	itoto		unique			See Language page
Kamayurá	akwama ˀe	akwamaˀe		inheritance			See Language page
Karajarri	4250			inheritance
Karajá		hãbu					See Language page
Kariña	wokyry	wokɨrɨ	man				Yamada 2010:828
Karitiana	taso	taso		unknown			See Language page
Katukina		honi					See Language page
Kawaiisu	ta7ni-pyzi			loan direction unknown
Kija	jiyile-			inheritance
Kiliwa	kw-umiiy			inheritance
Kitanemuk	pachuk			loan
Kokama	ahua, ñapitsara	awa, ɲapitsaɾa		inheritance; unique			See Language page
Koreguaje	pãiʉ	pãiʉ		unique			See Language page
Kotiria	~bʉ	~bʉ		inheritance	E-W Tuk		See Language page
Kwazá	exwa, tswa, -rati	exwa, tswa, -rati					See Language page
Lake Miwok	ta/jh			inheritance
Lengua		enɬit				See 02.100.	See Language page
Lokono	wadili	wadili	male				Pet 1987:363
Luiseño	ya7a/-sh			unique
Maca		xukhew (m.)					See Language page
Macaguan	pébi	pébi		inheritance	Proto-Guahiban		See Language page
Maidu	je\p'i/			inheritance
Maihiki	jɨ aquɨ	xɨ akɨ		unique			See Language page
Makiritare	danwa (IDS, KH)	danwa		unique			See Language page
Makuna	~ɨbu-gũ̵	~ɨbu-gũ̵		inheritance			See Language page
Makushi	warayoʔ (SIL)	warayoʔ (SIL)		inheritance			See Language page
Malyangapa	ŋura			loan
Mandawaka	aʒína-he	aʒína-he					See Language page
Mangala	iliado
Mapoyo	warastëkomo	warastɛkomo					See Language page
Mapudungun		wenṭ͡ʀu				Same form in Ranquel.	See Language page
Matses	dada; bɨnɨ	daɾa, bɨnɨ		unknown; inheritance			See Language page
Minica Witoto	ï.í-ma	ɯ.í-ma					See Language page
Miriwung	jawaleng			inheritance
Mithaka	tyiritayiri			unique
Mocoví		yale					See Language page
Mojave	7iipa			inheritance
Mosetén-Chimané		'c̷oɲ					See Language page
Movima	yeh-čo	jeh-tʃo					See Language page
Mudburra	ngarrka
Mudburra	ngarrka			semantic shift
Muinane	gáí-ɸi {being-male}	gáí-ɸi {being-male}					See Language page
Muisca	muysca	muɨska					See Language page
Murui Witoto	ï.i-ma	ɯ.i-ma		inheritance			See Language page
Mutsun	Ta:res			inheritance			O77:150
Máku	la:səba	la:səba					See Language page
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect		jɨ̰ːh, maɾahud					See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect		jɨ̰ːʔ, maɾahud		inheritance	cognate in Dâw		See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua	cari	kaɾi					See Language page
Ngamini	matida			unique
Ngarluma	kartu
Nheengatu	apigá, apigawa (apigawa is an older variety of apiga)	apigá, apigawa (apigawa is an older variety of apiga)		unknown			See Language page
Nhirrpi	karna			inheritance
Nimanburru	wamb	wamb		inheritance
Ninam	wãlo, wãro (EM72)	wãlo, wãɾo		doubtful loan (into proto-language?)	MAYBE Carib source; cf. warawok in Akawaio, warayoʔ in Macushi, warato in Pemon		See Language page
Nisenan	jep'			inheritance
Nivaclé		niwakle	man (vs. woman)				https://ids.clld.org/
Northern Emberá	mmákĩra, dyĩmákĩra	mmákĩra, dʒĩmákĩra					See Language page
Northern Mangarla	jipi
Northern Nyangumarta	nyampali
Northern Paiute	nana			loan			SAA 1982
Northern Sierra Miwok	nang:a-			inheritance
Nukak		t∫aʔ4bu1		unique			See Language page
Nyangumarta	5200			inheritance
Nyikina	wamba	wamba		inheritance
Nyulnyul	wamb	wamb		inheritance
Nɨpode Witoto	ï.í-ma	ɯ.í-ma					See Language page
Ocaina	oohu	ooʔɯ		inheritance			See Language page
Paakantyi	maḷi			semantic shift
Pacahuara		'honi				d'Orb uni. Heath tsé-que. Arm juni.	See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní		ava; kuiᵐbaʔe					See Language page
Paresi	ena	ena		inheritance			See Language page
Pemon	warato, kurai (A1981); pemon (M2000)	waɾato, kuɾai (A1981)		inheritance			See Language page
Piapoco	asìali	asìali					See Language page
Piaroa	chimi, ubo	tʃĩmi, ubɤ		unique; inheritance			See Language page
Pilagá		'leʔem					See Language page
Pirriya	bamːa
Pitta-Pitta	palku			inheritance
Plains Miwok	saw:eh			unknown
Playero		pébi-nɨ					See Language page
Puinave	bon	bon		unique			See Language page
Pumé	ǫãĩ						See Language page
Páez	piz	piz					See Language page
Qawasqar		aḳsenes				Gus, Sk record akses for Central QWS. Fi records akyenes for South QWS.	See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano	qari	qaɾi					See Language page
Resígaro	atsáagí	atsáagí		inheritance			See Language page
Rirratjingu	[missing]			missing
Ritharrngu	2254
Salinan A	lu:wa/' (A), ); *luaya/to (pl);			unknown
Salinan M	lu:wai/			unknown			Mason 1918:134
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité		inɬit; apkinawo					See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet		enɬet; kennaawoʔ					See Language page
Sanumá	wanotə (EM72)	wanotə (EM72)		doubtful loan (into proto-language?)	MAYBE Carib source; cf. warawok in Akawaio, warayoʔ in Macushi, warato in Pemon		See Language page
Sape	kwa	kwa					See Language page
Secoya	ëmë	ɨ̃mɨ̃					See Language page
Selknam		čonn					See Language page
Seri (Comcaac)	ctam			unknown
Serrano	wyTY-ST			inheritance
Shipibo-Konibo		βɨ̃βo					See Language page
Sikuani	jiwitanü (2), jiwitonü (2), jiwi (2)(humans, indigenous people)	pé:bi		inheritance			See Language page
Siona	ɨmɨkˀɨ	ɨmɨkˀɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Siriano	ʉ̃mʉ́ga	ɨ̃mɨ́ga					See Language page
Sirionó	erãkʷẽ; acuanɨndu (younɡ man), ameɨ (old man) (P85)	erãkʷẽ; acuanɨndu (younɡ man), ameɨ (old man) (P85)		inheritance			See Language page
Southern Paiute	tang7wa- “man”			inheritance
Southern Pastaza Quechua	cari	kaɾi					See Language page
Southern Sierra Miwok	nang:aH-			inheritance
Southern Ute	ta7wachI			inheritance
Suyá	mẽmɨĵe	mẽmɨĵe					See Language page
Sáliva	ũbe	ũbe		inheritance			See Language page
Tacana		deha					See Language page
Tanimuca	ĩ'bĩ rĩ'hĩ	ĩ'bĩ rĩ'hĩ		inheritance			See Language page
Tariana	čãɾi, čiãɾi	tʃãɾi, tʃiãɾi		inheritance			See Language page
Tatuyo	kã-bã'hõ'kɨ̃	kã-bã'hõ'kɨ̃					See Language page
Taushiro	ava´vu	awaʔwu					See Language page
Tehuelche		'aln					See Language page
Tikuna	yatũ [3-5, 5]	jatũ		unique			See Language page
Tinigua	tsɨtsia						See Language page
Tiriyó	kïrï	kɨrɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Toba		yale					See Language page
Trinitario		oʔʸono				Also ʔčane-kunano.	See Language page
Trumai	kiki	kiki		unique			See Language page
Tukano	ʉmʉ́	ɨmɨ́		inheritance	E-W Tuk		See Language page
Tuyuka	ɨ̃'bɨ̃	ɨ̃ʔbɨ̃					See Language page
Tübatulabal	taatwa-l			loan
Tümpisa Shoshone	tangummy, tangwammy			loan direction unknown
Urarina	kaʨa	katʃa		unique			See Language page
Wai Wai	kɨɨrɨ	kɨɨrɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Waikhana	ɨ̃'bɨ̃dõ	ɨ̃'bɨ̃dõ					See Language page
Waimaja	ɨ̃́mɨ̃́	ɨ̃́mɨ̃́					See Language page
Waimiri Atroari	wykyry (man), tahkome (elder man)	wɨkɨrɨ (man), tahkome (elder man)					See Language page
Walmajarri	piyirn			inheritance
Wangkayutyuru	palku			inheritance
Waorani	õgĩyæ̃-gã			unique			See Language page
Wapishana	ˀdaunaiura	ˀdaunaiura		doubtful loan	Carib: Makiritare danwa, Makushi warayoʔ		See Language page
Wappo	k'e/w			unknown
Warao	nibora, noboto (boy)	niboɾa, noboto (boy)					See Language page
Wari	taramaʔ	taramaʔ					See Language page
Washo	t'e:liwhu			unknown			J62
Waurá	enɨža	enɨža		inheritance			See Language page
Wayampi	kwimaʔɛ	kwimaʔɛ		inheritance			See Language page
Wayana	eluwa	eluwa		inheritance			See Language page
Wayuu		wayuu tooľo					See Language page
Western Mono	na/na			loan
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay		hiʔ'nuʔ					See Language page
Wintu	wi:ta			inheritance
Yabarana		wa'raisto'komo					See Language page
Yagua	vanu	wanu		doubtful loan, direction unknown	cf. similar forms in Yanomami, Carib		See Language page
Yaminahua		noko βɨnɨ					See Language page
Yan-nhangu	ḏarramu			unknown
Yandruwandha	karru			unique
Yanomam	wãro (EM72)	wãɾo		doubtful loan (into proto-language?)	MAYBE Carib source; cf. warawok in Akawaio, warayoʔ in Macushi, warato in Pemon		See Language page
Yanomami	wãrõ	wãɾõ		doubtful loan (into proto-language?)	MAYBE Carib source; cf. warawok in Akawaio, warayoʔ in Macushi, warato in Pemon		See Language page
Yarluyandi	karna			inheritance
Yavapai	pa\:hmi/(ya)			inheritance
Yavitero	enami	enami					See Language page
Yawarrawarrka	karli, pula			unique
Yawuru	wamba	wamba		inheritance
Yine		xexi				Piro-Apuriná form is 'keki.	See Language page
Yokuts Palewyami	lo:tep			unique			JPH Gamble 91
Yokuts Yawdanchi	no\no			inheritance			K07:274
Yokuts Yowlumne	no:n'o7			inheritance			G1964
Yuhup	jîʔ	jîʔ					See Language page
Yuki	7iwop, 7iwa,p, 7iwup,			inheritance			S&S 1984
Yukpa	atene, küpa	kipa					See Language page
Yukuna	achiñá	atʃiɲá		inheritance			See Language page
Yuma	7i:pa:nyc “that man” H1:29; 7i:pa: “man, male” H3:154			inheritance
Yuruti	baso'kɨ́	baso'kɨ́					See Language page
Záparo	iryanaw, tawku	irjanaw, tawku					See Language page


Achagua
Aché
Aguaruna
Akawaio
Andoke
Apalai
Arabana
Araona
Arutani
Ashuar
Ayoreo
Baniwa
Bankalachi Toloim
Barasano
Bardi
Bare
Bará
Barí
Baure
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Bora
Bunuba
Burarra
Cahuilla
Camsa
Candoshi-Shapra
Carapana
Carijona
Cavineña
Cayuvava
Central Aymara
Central Sierra Miwok
Cha'palaa
Chemehuevi
Chipaya
Chiriguano
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Cruzeno
Chumash Ineseno
Chumash Obispeno
Chumash Ventureno
Chácobo
Cocopa
Cofán
Comanche
Cubeo
Cuiva
Cupeño
Desano
Dhangu
Dhuwal
Dhuwala
Diyari
DiyariREU
Djambarrpuyngu
Djapu
Djeoromitxi
Djinang
Dâw
Epena
Ese Ejja
Ese Ejja/Huarayo
Esselen
Eñepa
Gabrielino
Gajirrabeng
Gooniyandi
Guayabero
Gupapuyngu
Gurindji
Hodï
Huambisa
Hup
Ignaciano
Iipay 'Aa
Ingá
Iquito
Itonama
Jaru
Kabiyari
Kaingang
Kakataibo
Kakua
Kalapalo
Kamayurá
Karajarri
Karajá
Kariña
Karitiana
Katukina
Kawaiisu
Kija
Kiliwa
Kitanemuk
Kokama
Koreguaje
Kotiria
Kwazá
Lake Miwok
Lengua
Lokono
Luiseño
Maca
Macaguan
Maidu
Maihiki
Makiritare
Makuna
Makushi
Malyangapa
Mandawaka
Mangala
Mapoyo
Mapudungun
Matses
Minica Witoto
Miriwung
Mithaka
Mocoví
Mojave
Mosetén-Chimané
Movima
Mudburra
Mudburra
Muinane
Muisca
Murui Witoto
Mutsun
Máku
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect
Nadëb/Roçado dialect
Napo Lowland Quichua
Ngamini
Ngarluma
Nheengatu
Nhirrpi
Nimanburru
Ninam
Nisenan
Nivaclé
Northern Emberá
Northern Mangarla
Northern Nyangumarta
Northern Paiute
Northern Sierra Miwok
Nukak
Nyangumarta
Nyikina
Nyulnyul
Nɨpode Witoto
Ocaina
Paakantyi
Pacahuara
Paraguayan Guaraní
Paresi
Pemon
Piapoco
Piaroa
Pilagá
Pirriya
Pitta-Pitta
Plains Miwok
Playero
Puinave
Pumé
Páez
Qawasqar
Quechua Ayacuchano
Resígaro
Rirratjingu
Ritharrngu
Salinan A
Salinan M
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet
Sanumá
Sape
Secoya
Selknam
Seri (Comcaac)
Serrano
Shipibo-Konibo
Sikuani
Siona
Siriano
Sirionó
Southern Paiute
Southern Pastaza Quechua
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Ute
Suyá
Sáliva
Tacana
Tanimuca
Tariana
Tatuyo
Taushiro
Tehuelche
Tikuna
Tinigua
Tiriyó
Toba
Trinitario
Trumai
Tukano
Tuyuka
Tübatulabal
Tümpisa Shoshone
Urarina
Wai Wai
Waikhana
Waimaja
Waimiri Atroari
Walmajarri
Wangkayutyuru
Waorani
Wapishana
Wappo
Warao
Wari
Washo
Waurá
Wayampi
Wayana
Wayuu
Western Mono
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay
Wintu
Yabarana
Yagua
Yaminahua
Yan-nhangu
Yandruwandha
Yanomam
Yanomami
Yarluyandi
Yavapai
Yavitero
Yawarrawarrka
Yawuru
Yine
Yokuts Palewyami
Yokuts Yawdanchi
Yokuts Yowlumne
Yuhup
Yuki
Yukpa
Yukuna
Yuma
Yuruti
Záparo

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