Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

man/male

Semantic Field
human
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
hombre
Meaning Portuguese
homem

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Bankalachi Toloim taht-wŏl/wāl 171, no'-no 225; dātwal (K1907) loan
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone tenkwan “man, adult” loan direction unknown
Cahuilla naxanish loan S&H 1979
Central Sierra Miwok nang:a- inheritance
Chemehuevi taw7a/-ci “man” loan direction unknown
Chumash Barbareno 7yhyj' inheritance Ono 1996:19
Chumash Cruzeno 7alamujun unknown JPH
Chumash Ineseno 7yhy/j' inheritance A 14, K1977:133
Chumash Obispeno Lmon'o unknown Klar 1977:141
Chumash Ventureno 7at'axach' loan Harrington 1974:4
Cocopa 7apa/, 7apa:s inheritance
Comanche tenahpy7 loan direction unknown
Cupeño naxani-sh [naˈxanɪʃ] loan
Esselen exe/-noch unknown Shaul 1995:197, 199, voc
Gabrielino woroyt inheritance
Iipay 'Aa 'iikwich [Ɂiˑˈkʷɪtʃ] unknown
Kawaiisu ta7ni-pyzi loan direction unknown
Kiliwa kw-umiiy inheritance
Kitanemuk pachuk loan
Lake Miwok ta/jh inheritance
Luiseño ya7a/-sh unique
Maidu je\p'i/ inheritance
Mojave 7iipa inheritance
Mutsun Ta:res inheritance O77:150
Nisenan jep' inheritance
Northern Paiute nana loan SAA 1982
Northern Sierra Miwok nang:a- inheritance
Plains Miwok saw:eh unknown
Salinan A lu:wa/' (A), ); *luaya/to (pl); unknown
Salinan M lu:wai/ unknown Mason 1918:134
Seri (Comcaac) ctam unknown
Serrano wyTY-ST inheritance
Southern Paiute tang7wa- “man” inheritance
Southern Sierra Miwok nang:aH- inheritance
Southern Ute ta7wachI inheritance
Tübatulabal taatwa-l loan
Tümpisa Shoshone tangummy, tangwammy loan direction unknown
Wappo k'e/w unknown
Washo t'e:liwhu unknown J62
Western Mono na/na loan
Wintu wi:ta inheritance
Yavapai pa\:hmi/(ya) inheritance
Yokuts Palewyami lo:tep unique JPH Gamble 91
Yokuts Yawdanchi no\no inheritance K07:274
Yokuts Yowlumne no:n'o7 inheritance G1964
Yuki 7iwop, 7iwa,p, 7iwup, inheritance S&S 1984
Yuma 7i:pa:nyc “that man” H1:29; 7i:pa: “man, male” H3:154 inheritance
Arabana karna inheritance
Bardi wamb wamb inheritance
Bunuba [missing] missing
Burarra wurra unknown
Dhangu 2254 unknown
Dhuwal ḏarramu
Dhuwala ḏirramu inheritance
Diyari matharri inheritance
DiyariREU [missing] missing
Djambarrpuyngu ḏirramu
Djapu ḏarramu
Djinang gumbirr maringgalgiṉingi
Gajirrabeng jiwoogeng inheritance
Gooniyandi ngoombarna
Gupapuyngu 2254
Gurindji ngumpit inheritance
Jaru mabun doubtful semantic shift
Karajarri 4250 inheritance
Kija jiyile- inheritance
Malyangapa ŋura loan
Mangala iliado
Miriwung jawaleng inheritance
Mithaka tyiritayiri unique
Mudburra ngarrka
Mudburra ngarrka semantic shift
Ngamini matida unique
Ngarluma kartu
Nhirrpi karna inheritance
Nimanburru wamb wamb inheritance
Northern Mangarla jipi
Northern Nyangumarta nyampali
Nyangumarta 5200 inheritance
Nyikina wamba wamba inheritance
Nyulnyul wamb wamb inheritance
Paakantyi maḷi semantic shift
Pirriya bamːa
Pitta-Pitta palku inheritance
Rirratjingu [missing] missing
Ritharrngu 2254
Walmajarri piyirn inheritance
Wangkayutyuru palku inheritance
Yan-nhangu ḏarramu unknown
Yandruwandha karru unique
Yarluyandi karna inheritance
Yawarrawarrka karli, pula unique
Yawuru wamba wamba inheritance
Achagua waʃíalikua waʃíalikua inheritance See Language page
Piapoco asìali asìali See Language page
Yukuna achiñá atʃiɲá inheritance See Language page
Tariana čãɾi, čiãɾi tʃãɾi, tʃiãɾi inheritance See Language page
Baniwa atsíanli, newíki atsíanɺi, newíki inheritance See Language page
Resígaro atsáagí atsáagí inheritance See Language page
Kabiyari t̪ijá-ri t̪ijá-ɾi See Language page
Yavitero enami enami See Language page
Bare heñaɻi heñaɻi See Language page
Wapishana ˀdaunaiura ˀdaunaiura doubtful loan Carib: Makiritare danwa, Makushi warayoʔ See Language page
Mandawaka aʒína-he aʒína-he See Language page
Wayuu wayuu tooľo See Language page
Yine xexi *Piro-Apuriná form is *'keki. See Language page
Paresi ena ena inheritance See Language page
Ignaciano ahaira; ačane See Language page
Trinitario oʔʸono Also ʔčane-kunano. See Language page
Baure hi-ṛ̌ hi-ṛ̌ inheritance See Language page
Waurá enɨža enɨža inheritance See Language page
Arutani maʔkya maʔkya See Language page
Sape kwa kwa See Language page
Cha'palaa lʸu-pu Lit. 'penis-is'. Also ['un'bee]-'ruku, from Span. 'hombre'. Cf. Quichua. See Language page
Bora kwa-xphi, mɨ́amḯnáa-xpʰi {being-male} kwa-xphi, mɨ́amɯ́náa-xpʰi {being-male} inheritance See Language page
Muinane gáí-ɸi {being-male} gáí-ɸi {being-male} See Language page
Akawaio warawok warawɔk inheritance Venezuelan See Language page
Apalai orutua orutua inheritance See Language page
Wayana eluwa eluwa inheritance See Language page
Carijona gɨrɨ inheritance See Language page
Tiriyó kïrï kɨrɨ inheritance See Language page
Eñepa apok; apo' (MM) apok; apoʔ (MM) unique See Language page
Makiritare danwa (IDS, KH) danwa unique See Language page
Makushi warayoʔ (SIL) warayoʔ (SIL) inheritance See Language page
Mapoyo warastëkomo warastɛkomo See Language page
Pemon warato, kurai (A1981); pemon (M2000) waɾato, kuɾai (A1981) inheritance See Language page
Wai Wai kɨɨrɨ kɨɨrɨ inheritance See Language page
Waimiri Atroari wykyry (man), tahkome (elder man) wɨkɨrɨ (man), tahkome (elder man) See Language page
Yabarana wa'raisto'komo See Language page
Yukpa atene, küpa kipa See Language page
Kalapalo itoto itoto unique See Language page
Muisca muysca muɨska See Language page
Barí la Colombia: darə. See Language page
Northern Emberá mmákĩra, dyĩmákĩra mmákĩra, dʒĩmákĩra See Language page
Epena ɨmɨ'kʰĩra See Language page
Guayabero poi inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page
Macaguan pébi pébi inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page
Sikuani jiwitanü (2), jiwitonü (2), jiwi (2)(humans, indigenous people) pé:bi inheritance See Language page
Cuiva pébi-n hombre, man Huber & Reed 1992:38
Playero pébi-nɨ See Language page
Cofán tsandie tsandiɛ phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra kamooza kamooʂa unique See Language page
Taushiro ava´vu awaʔwu See Language page
Páez piz piz See Language page
Tikuna yatũ [3-5, 5] jatũ unique See Language page
Urarina kaʨa katʃa unique See Language page
Camsa entɕá entɕá See Language page
Andoke yo'hʌ ʝoʔhʌ unique See Language page
Waorani õgĩyæ̃-gã unique See Language page
Hodï mari unique See Language page
Pumé ǫãĩ See Language page
Tinigua tsɨtsia See Language page
Puinave bon bon unique See Language page
Máku la:səba la:səba See Language page
Warao nibora, noboto (boy) niboɾa, noboto (boy) See Language page
Ashuar áints, áishmang aints, aiʃmaŋ See Language page
Huambisa ashmag aʃmaŋg See Language page
Aguaruna áishmag áiʃmang inheritance See Language page
Nukak t∫aʔ4bu1 unique See Language page
Kakua newěʔ unique See Language page
Hup tiyǐʔ [1st syllable comes from 3sg pn tɨh] tijǐʔ inheritance See Language page
Yuhup jîʔ jîʔ See Language page
Dâw xut xut inheritance See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect jɨ̰ːʔ, maɾahud inheritance cognate in Dâw See Language page
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect jɨ̰ːh, maɾahud See Language page
Matses dada; bɨnɨ daɾa, bɨnɨ unknown; inheritance See Language page
Kakataibo nukɨ βɨnɨ See Language page
Katukina honi See Language page
Pacahuara 'honi d'Orb uni. Heath tsé-que. Arm juni. See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo βɨ̃βo See Language page
Yaminahua noko βɨnɨ See Language page
Chácobo honi honi inheritance See Language page
Yagua vanu wanu doubtful loan, direction unknown cf. similar forms in Yanomami, Carib See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua cari kaɾi See Language page
Ingá kari kari See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua cari kaɾi See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano qari qaɾi See Language page
Piaroa chimi, ubo tʃĩmi, ubɤ unique; inheritance See Language page
Sáliva ũbe ũbe inheritance See Language page
Bará baho'kɨ See Language page
Barasano ~ɨbɨ ~ɨbɨ See Language page
Cubeo ʉ̃mʉ ɨ̃mɨ inheritance See Language page
Carapana caʉ̃mʉ kaɨ̃mɨ See Language page
Desano ʉ̃mʉ ɨ̃mɨ inheritance See Language page
Kotiria ~bʉ ~bʉ inheritance E-W Tuk See Language page
Makuna ~ɨbu-gũ̵ ~ɨbu-gũ̵ inheritance See Language page
Yuruti baso'kɨ́ baso'kɨ́ See Language page
Waikhana ɨ̃'bɨ̃dõ ɨ̃'bɨ̃dõ See Language page
Siriano ʉ̃mʉ́ga ɨ̃mɨ́ga See Language page
Tanimuca ĩ'bĩ rĩ'hĩ ĩ'bĩ rĩ'hĩ inheritance See Language page
Tatuyo kã-bã'hõ'kɨ̃ kã-bã'hõ'kɨ̃ See Language page
Tukano ʉmʉ́ ɨmɨ́ inheritance E-W Tuk See Language page
Tuyuka ɨ̃'bɨ̃ ɨ̃ʔbɨ̃ See Language page
Waimaja ɨ̃́mɨ̃́ ɨ̃́mɨ̃́ See Language page
Maihiki jɨ aquɨ xɨ akɨ unique See Language page
Koreguaje pãiʉ pãiʉ unique See Language page
Siona ɨmɨkˀɨ ɨmɨkˀɨ inheritance See Language page
Secoya ëmë ɨ̃mɨ̃ See Language page
Karitiana taso taso unknown See Language page
Nheengatu apigá, apigawa (apigawa is an older variety of apiga) apigá, apigawa (apigawa is an older variety of apiga) unknown See Language page
Kokama ahua, ñapitsara awa, ɲapitsaɾa inheritance; unique See Language page
Wayampi kwimaʔɛ kwimaʔɛ inheritance See Language page
Aché kbaeʔe inheritance See Language page
Chiriguano kuiᵐbae inheritance See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní ava; kuiᵐbaʔe See Language page
Sirionó erãkʷẽ; acuanɨndu (younɡ man), ameɨ (old man) (P85) erãkʷẽ; acuanɨndu (younɡ man), ameɨ (old man) (P85) inheritance See Language page
Kamayurá akwama ˀe akwamaˀe inheritance See Language page
Ocaina oohu ooʔɯ inheritance See Language page
Nɨpode Witoto ï.í-ma ɯ.í-ma See Language page
Minica Witoto ï.í-ma ɯ.í-ma See Language page
Murui Witoto ï.i-ma ɯ.i-ma inheritance See Language page
Ninam wãlo, wãro (EM72) wãlo, wãɾo doubtful loan (into proto-language?) MAYBE Carib source; cf. warawok in Akawaio, warayoʔ in Macushi, warato in Pemon See Language page
Yanomam wãro (EM72) wãɾo doubtful loan (into proto-language?) MAYBE Carib source; cf. warawok in Akawaio, warayoʔ in Macushi, warato in Pemon See Language page
Yanomami wãrõ wãɾõ doubtful loan (into proto-language?) MAYBE Carib source; cf. warawok in Akawaio, warayoʔ in Macushi, warato in Pemon See Language page
Sanumá wanotə (EM72) wanotə (EM72) doubtful loan (into proto-language?) MAYBE Carib source; cf. warawok in Akawaio, warayoʔ in Macushi, warato in Pemon See Language page
Iquito icuáni ikuáni unknown See Language page
Záparo iryanaw, tawku irjanaw, tawku See Language page
Wari taramaʔ taramaʔ See Language page
Araona dea *Tacn form is *dexa. See Language page
Ese Ejja e-ɗexa inheritance See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo dexa dexa See Language page
Tacana deha See Language page
Cavineña deka deka inheritance See Language page
Central Aymara chacha čača See Language page
Cayuvava 'ki-asi See Language page
Itonama u-mu See Language page
Kwazá exwa, tswa, -rati exwa, tswa, -rati See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané 'c̷oɲ See Language page
Movima yeh-čo jeh-tʃo See Language page
Trumai kiki kiki unique See Language page
Kaingang ũn-grè ũn-ŋre; ŋrɛ See Language page
Suyá mẽmɨĵe mẽmɨĵe See Language page
Karajá hãbu See Language page
Djeoromitxi txiü tʃiø See Language page
Chipaya luktaḳa; ṣ̌oɲi Cf. 'husband' 02.310 and 'boy' 02.250. Uru-J form is lukwawa. Uru-I form is luxa. See Language page
Mocoví yale See Language page
Pilagá 'leʔem See Language page
Toba yale See Language page
Lengua enɬit See 02.100. See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité inɬit; apkinawo See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet enɬet; kennaawoʔ See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay hiʔ'nuʔ See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja ayinye See Language page
Maca xukhew (m.) See Language page
Nivaclé niwakle man (vs. woman) https://ids.clld.org/
Ayoreo ayo're-i See Language page
Mapudungun wenṭ͡ʀu Same form in Ranquel. See Language page
Qawasqar aḳsenes Gus, Sk record akses for Central QWS. Fi records akyenes for South QWS. See Language page
Selknam čonn See Language page
Tehuelche 'aln See Language page
Lokono wadili wadili male Pet 1987:363
Kariña wokyry wokɨrɨ man Yamada 2010:828