Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

black

Semantic Field
colour
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
negro
Meaning Portuguese
preto

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Bankalachi Toloim too'-goo-pul' 219 inheritance
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone tuu” inheritance
Cahuilla tul-nek inheritance S&H 1979
Central Sierra Miwok kulu/l:-i-7- inheritance
Chemehuevi tupa/-ga inheritance
Chumash Barbareno 7aximaj “be black” unique Beeler 1978
Chumash Cruzeno lastHpyn “prieto” unknown JPH
Chumash Ineseno s-shoyin “to be black” unknown A76:280
Chumash Obispeno piso7 unknown JPH
Chumash Ventureno al-shoshoy unknown Harrington 1974:9
Cocopa nyi:Ly, nyiLy “to be black” inheritance
Comanche tu-, tuh-, tuhupI inheritance
Cupeño tul- [tul] inheritance
Esselen ala/-ki “dark, black” unknown Henshaw in Shaul 1995:219
Gabrielino yupi: inheritance
Iipay 'Aa nyilly [ɲɪɫʸ] inheritance
Kawaiisu tuhu-ki “to be black” inheritance
Kiliwa (kW)-nyiir inheritance
Kitanemuk jo7vy7k inheritance
Lake Miwok mulu/umulu inheritance
Luiseño yuva/-ta~i- “to be black” inheritance
Maidu si/wsi\w loan direction unknown
Mojave luup i= unknown
Mutsun murCumak “blackish ones, dark ones” inheritance O77:31,84
Nisenan kylym inheritance?
Northern Paiute tuu-, tuhu inheritance Thornes 03:215
Northern Sierra Miwok kulul:i- inheritance
Plains Miwok kulu7lu- 7 is glottal stop inheritance
Salinan A co/wuth (A), unknown
Salinan M cauwat unknown Mason 1918:149
Seri (Comcaac) coopol (also “black widow spider” unknown
Serrano tYnA:- inheritance
Southern Paiute to:-G inheritance
Southern Sierra Miwok tu:hi-, tuhuh-:i loan
Southern Ute tuu-, tuukwarY inheritance
Tübatulabal tuukupyy-l inheritance
Tümpisa Shoshone tuppapi(tyn) inheritance
Wappo co/:we loan direction unknown
Washo a/yaw unknown J333
Western Mono tumo7anigi-, tumu7anigi- “to be black” inheritance
Wintu culul inheritance
Yavapai ?nya_: inheritance
Yokuts Palewyami moTka inheritance K1963
Yokuts Yawdanchi tcUmgutan (chy:mgatan?) xU is u/umlaut unknown K07:244, G64
Yokuts Yowlumne *moDok'wiyi turn black inheritance N 1944 59
Yuki shi7ik c is sh inheritance S&S1984
Yuma nyi:ly H3:209 inheritance
Baniwa íitta íit̪a (=smoke) semantic shift See Language page
Carijona sukutuməmɨ inheritance See Language page
Cubeo ñemico (fem.), ñemicʉ (m.), ñemino (inan.) ɲɛmiko (fem.), ɲɛmikɨ (m.), ɲɛmino (inan.) inheritance cf. Andoke - ɲe See Language page
Dâw çaà câ inheritance See Language page
Desano ñiri ñiri inheritance See Language page
Eñepa tɨ-puru-ke tɨ-puru-ke inheritance See Language page
Hodï wa'le unique See Language page
Waorani wẽ-ta-bõ unique See Language page
Hup j'á ɟ’á inheritance See Language page
Kakua ʔêj- [be.black-] unique See Language page
Makushi arikkɨtun (IDS) arikkɨtun (IDS) inheritance N Amaz subgroup See Language page
Nheengatu pixuna, tapayuna (piju=black, used in various native tupi languages, tapajuna used for color of skin) piʃuna, tapajuna (piju=black, used in various native tupi languages, tapajuna used for color of skin) inheritance See Language page
Ninam ušI, ɨši (EM72) uʃi, ɨʃi inheritance See Language page
Nukak hɛ̃lẽ4 unique See Language page
Maihiki nea nea inheritance See Language page
Pemon iikkɨrɨng, rɨi (E1980); itarikutun (M2000) iʔkɨrɨŋ, rɨɪ (E1980) inheritance N Amaz subgroup See Language page
Sanumá uši (EM72) uʃi inheritance See Language page
Sikuani tsá-bia inheritance See Language page
Tariana kadíte kadíte inheritance See Language page
Tukano ñisé ñisé inheritance E-W Tuk See Language page
Kotiria ñina (Waltz) jina (Waltz) inheritance E-W Tuk See Language page
Yanomam uši uʃi inheritance See Language page
Yanomami iši iʃi inheritance See Language page
Yukuna kameni kameni inheritance See Language page
Yuhup c'âh c'âh inheritance See Language page
Arabana pirla unique
Bardi maanka maanka inheritance
Bunuba gurngurnu unknown
Burarra ngunyja unknown
Dhangu gurrŋan(') inheritance
Dhuwal biḻak
Dhuwala gurrŋan(') unknown
Diyari maru inheritance
DiyariREU [missing] missing
Djambarrpuyngu gurrŋan(') inheritance
Djapu biḻak unknown
Djinang mul inheritance
Gajirrabeng thegoobeli-
Gooniyandi gooroogooroo loan
Gupapuyngu gurrŋan(') inheritance
Gurindji mumpung loan Jaminjung
Jabirr-Jabirr mank mank inheritance
Jaru guruguru inheritance?
Jawi meelga milka semantic shift
Karajarri 4078 inheritance
Kija manpe- inheritance
Malyangapa maRukatha loan
Mangala galoro inheritance
Miriwung manype inheritance
Mithaka tjimpa inheritance
Mudburra mungarramungarra
Mudburra mungarra semantic shift
Ngamini maRu inheritance
Ngandi mul'mul loan
Ngarluma warru inheritance
Ngumbarl rerrga, koorrba <rerrga, koorrba> unknown
Nhirrpi murrumurru loan
Nimanburru mang mank inheritance
Northern Mangarla maru
Northern Nyangumarta warrukurlu inheritance
Nyangumarta warrukurla loan Pilbara
Nyikina ruga ruka doubtful loan
Nyulnyul maarng maarng inheritance
Paakantyi gugiriga unique
Pirriya [missing] missing
Pitta-Pitta tyimpa inheritance
Rirratjingu gurrŋan'
Ritharrngu mul'mul inheritance
Walmajarri kurnkurn doubtful loan
Wangkayutyuru jimpa inheritance
Warrwa gurunggaya; gururrnggay; guru kurungkaya; kururrngkay; kuru unique
Worrorra waguma:da waguma:da doubtful loan Nyulnyulan
Wubuy duma inheritance
Yan-nhangu mol'mulŋu inheritance
Yandruwandha impa (tjimpa in Yawarrawarrka) inheritance
Yarluyandi maru inheritance
Yawarrawarrka [missing] missing
Yawuru ruka; kalurru ruka; kalurru doubtful loan
Achagua katʃáhulai katʃáhulai inheritance See Language page
Piapoco cúulíiri kú:lí:ɾi See Language page
Kabiyari kewere-ri kewere-ri See Language page
Yavitero mumu-hi mumu-hi See Language page
Bare tayni tajni See Language page
Wapishana pʰudidi-ʔu pʰudidi-ʔu Doubtful loan Carib, esp. Eñepa ti-puru-ke See Language page
Wayuu mɨtsia; mena-sɨ The latter is dark/dirty spots. See Language page
Yine ksaxi See Language page
Paresi kiyere, kiya kijere, kija inheritance See Language page
Ignaciano tikisa See Language page
Trinitario #NAME? See Language page
Baure hamkon hamkon unique See Language page
Waurá yala'ki; itʸula (latter is also "blue, green, blue-black") jala'ki; itʸula unique See Language page
Arutani sipan, soson sipan, soson See Language page
Sape tsaiña tsaiɲa See Language page
Cha'palaa 'pa'ba-ba See Language page
Bora kʰɨ́ɨ́βe-ne, kʰḯḯβé-mekʰe, páxtʰïne kʰɨ́ɨ́βɛ-nɛ, kʰɯ́ɯ́βέ-mɛkʰɛ, páxtʰɯnɛ inheritance See Language page
Muinane kɨβo-no kɨβo-no See Language page
Akawaio iikkɨrɨng iʔkɨrɨŋ inheritance Pemongan See Language page
Apalai xinukutume xinukutume inheritance See Language page
Wayana alilinme (vb) alilinme (vb) See Language page
Tiriyó sikinmano sikinmano inheritance See Language page
Makiritare hudumato (IDS, KH) hudumato inheritance See Language page
Mapoyo kërëkë kɛrɛkɛ See Language page
Wai Wai či-čwi-ye či-čwi-ye unique See Language page
Waimiri Atroari tapyryma tapɨrɨma See Language page
Yabarana kɨ'rɨkemu See Language page
Yukpa korocha, korochi ko'ts̺ots̺a See Language page
Kalapalo fuseuki; fuseukiñe fuseuki; fuseukiñe unique See Language page
Muisca amuyhyzyn mague amuɨhɨtʂɨn maγe See Language page
Barí bɨɨh Colombia: 'baarə. See Language page
Northern Emberá phaimá phaimá See Language page
Epena pʰãi'maa See Language page
Guayabero pa-ɸói (pa-ϕói-jax 'cosa negra' - 'black thing') unique See Language page
Macaguan tsebí tsebí inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page
Cuiva tsáebia negro, black Huber & Reed 1992:227
Playero pe-tsebía-wa (espec.: 'cosa negra' - 'black thing') See Language page
Cofán sinje´on, si'an si̡ʔãn phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra kantsiarpi kantsiaɾpi unique See Language page
Taushiro ayo ontu´ ajo ontuʔ See Language page
Páez conchi kontʃi See Language page
Tikuna wẽxẽ [4, 4] wẽʔẽ unique See Language page
Urarina hiʨuhwaj hitʃuhwaj unique See Language page
Camsa btsénga btsénga See Language page
Andoke ñe-; uʷɒi ɲe-; uʷɒi unique See Language page
Pumé burɛ-burɛ-a; kãrã See Language page
Puinave #NAME? #NAME? unique See Language page
Máku kabi, weʔči kabi, weʔtʃi See Language page
Ashuar shuwín, nashúm ʃuwin, naʃum See Language page
Huambisa mukusa mukusa See Language page
Aguaruna bukúsea bukúsɨa inheritance See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect cʌːh, cʌŋ, ʔcãm inheritance See Language page
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect ʔcãm See Language page
Matses tʂɨʂɨ tʂɨʂɨ inheritance See Language page
Kakataibo to'nã See 'blue'. *Panoan *wiso. See Language page
Katukina ṣ̌ɨšɨ See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo čɨṣ̌ɨ; nikoro; wiso See Language page
Yaminahua βiso See Language page
Chácobo čɨkɨ čɨkɨ inheritance See Language page
Yagua vadacu- wandaku unique See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua yana jana See Language page
Ingá iana iana See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua yana jana See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano yana, chiwilu jana, tʃiwilu See Language page
Piaroa idikwa'a idikwaʔa unknown See Language page
Bará jĩ́ĩ See Language page
Barasano ~ji-se ~ji-se See Language page
Carapana ñiirĩjẽ ɲiiɾĩxɛ̃ See Language page
Makuna ~ji-rise ~ji-rise inheritance See Language page
Yuruti jĩ́ jĩ́ See Language page
Waikhana jĩ-dĩ jĩ-dĩ See Language page
Tanimuca dẽ'ĩã dẽ'ĩã inheritance See Language page
Tatuyo jɨ̃ɨ̃- jɨ̃ɨ̃- See Language page
Tuyuka yĩ'ĩ jĩʔĩ See Language page
Waimaja ñíňĩ́ ɲírĩ́ See Language page
Koreguaje chija'che dʒixaʔdʒe inheritance See Language page
Siona sˀi; sˀiheihi sˀi; sˀiheihi inheritance See Language page
Secoya neaco neakɔ See Language page
Kokama tsuni (to be black) tsuni inheritance See Language page
Wayampi piyũ; -ũ pijũ; -ũ inheritance See Language page
Aché braʔa unique See Language page
Chiriguano -hũu inheritance See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní hũ See Language page
Sirionó ero'nei̯; sone; eišõ ero'nei̯; sone; eišõ unique See Language page
Kamayurá pitsun pitsun inheritance See Language page
Ocaina juhtóóhfu hɯʔtóóʔɸɯ inheritance See Language page
Nɨpode Witoto híɗï-re-de híɗɯ-rɛ-dɛ See Language page
Minica Witoto hítï-re-de hítɯ-rɛ-dɛ See Language page
Murui Witoto hitï-re-de hitɯ-rɛ-dɛ inheritance See Language page
Iquito mɨ'ɨnana mɨ'ɨnana unique See Language page
Záparo kak+ka kakɨka See Language page
Wari mišem miʃem See Language page
Araona sewa *Tacn form is *sewe. See Language page
Ese Ejja #NAME? inheritance See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo tewe; e-tewe (Girard 1971) tewe; e-tewe See Language page
Tacana ðewe-na; ðabi-da See Language page
Cavineña sewe-da; sewe; sewe-da-tere (G71); ceveda (G71) sewe-da; sewe; sewe-da-tere (G71); ceveda (G71) inheritance See Language page
Central Aymara ch´iara čˀiyara See Language page
Cayuvava ɲataha; yataha See Language page
Itonama kawolo; karomaya See Language page
Kwazá be?ỹ-, hoho- be?ỹ-, hoho- See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané c̷in'katč; c̷in'kas See Language page
Movima tun-ni tun-ni See Language page
Trumai dat̯, tsi-dat̯ dat̯, tsi-dat̯ unique See Language page
Kaingang sà sə; saɨ See Language page
Canela kuhe See Language page
Suyá tɨ'glɛ, tɨ'ylɛ tɨ'glɛ, tɨ'jlɛ See Language page
Karajá iləbɨ See Language page
Djeoromitxi biro biro See Language page
Chipaya c̷oḳ See Language page
Mocoví n-aweʔ; l-awer-aʁaik See Language page
Pilagá l-'eed-aʁaik Lit. 'prefix-black-masc. adj.'. See Language page
Toba n-aweʔ; l-aid-aʁaik See Language page
Lengua #NAME? See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité #NAME? See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet akpaasyamˀ See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay ča'lah See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja #NAME? See Language page
Maca noʔ See Language page
Nivaclé yakut black https://ids.clld.org/
Ayoreo uta'ta-i; uta'ta See Language page
Mapudungun kurɨ Same form in Ranquel. See Language page
Qawasqar semen Also akyawe, which also means 'night' and 'dark'. Bo, SpC record terekal; Gus, Sk record [pˀal], from Selknam 'pˀàr'. Fi records fkal; SpS records akyewokar for South QWS. See Language page
Selknam pˀàr See Language page
Tehuelche 'pˀol- See Language page
Lokono kharemen kʰaɾemen black Pet 1987:351
Kariña karai karai black Yamada 2010:747