Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

black

Semantic Field: colour
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: negro
Meaning Portuguese: preto

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Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Loan Source	General Notes	Source
Achagua	katʃáhulai	katʃáhulai		inheritance			See Language page
Aché		braʔa		unique			See Language page
Aguaruna	bukúsea	bukúsɨa		inheritance			See Language page
Akawaio	iikkɨrɨng	iʔkɨrɨŋ		inheritance	Pemongan		See Language page
Andoke	ñe-; uʷɒi	ɲe-; uʷɒi		unique			See Language page
Apalai	xinukutume	xinukutume		inheritance			See Language page
Arabana	pirla			unique
Araona		sewa				Tacn form is sewe.	See Language page
Arutani	sipan, soson	sipan, soson					See Language page
Ashuar	shuwín, nashúm	ʃuwin, naʃum					See Language page
Ayoreo		uta'ta-i; uta'ta					See Language page
Baniwa	íitta	íit̪a (=smoke)		semantic shift			See Language page
Bankalachi Toloim	too'-goo-pul' 219			inheritance
Barasano	~ji-se	~ji-se					See Language page
Bardi	maanka	maanka		inheritance
Bare	tayni	tajni					See Language page
Bará		jĩ́ĩ					See Language page
Barí		bɨɨh				Colombia: 'baarə.	See Language page
Baure	hamkon	hamkon		unique			See Language page
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone	tuu”			inheritance
Bora	kʰɨ́ɨ́βe-ne, kʰḯḯβé-mekʰe, páxtʰïne	kʰɨ́ɨ́βɛ-nɛ, kʰɯ́ɯ́βέ-mɛkʰɛ, páxtʰɯnɛ		inheritance			See Language page
Bunuba	gurngurnu			unknown
Burarra	ngunyja			unknown
Cahuilla	tul-nek			inheritance			S&H 1979
Camsa	btsénga	btsénga					See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra	kantsiarpi	kantsiaɾpi		unique			See Language page
Canela		kuhe					See Language page
Carapana	ñiirĩjẽ	ɲiiɾĩxɛ̃					See Language page
Carijona	sukutuməmɨ			inheritance			See Language page
Cavineña	sewe-da; sewe; sewe-da-tere (G71); ceveda (G71)	sewe-da; sewe; sewe-da-tere (G71); ceveda (G71)		inheritance			See Language page
Cayuvava		ɲataha; yataha					See Language page
Central Aymara	ch´iara	čˀiyara					See Language page
Central Sierra Miwok	kulu/l:-i-7-			inheritance
Cha'palaa		'pa'ba-ba					See Language page
Chemehuevi	tupa/-ga			inheritance
Chipaya		c̷oḳ					See Language page
Chiriguano		-hũu		inheritance			See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja		#NAME?					See Language page
Chumash Barbareno	7aximaj “be black”			unique			Beeler 1978
Chumash Cruzeno	lastHpyn “prieto”			unknown			JPH
Chumash Ineseno	s-shoyin “to be black”			unknown			A76:280
Chumash Obispeno	piso7			unknown			JPH
Chumash Ventureno	al-shoshoy			unknown			Harrington 1974:9
Chácobo	čɨkɨ	čɨkɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Cocopa	nyi:Ly, nyiLy “to be black”			inheritance
Cofán	sinje´on, si'an	si̡ʔãn				phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS	See Language page
Comanche	tu-, tuh-, tuhupI			inheritance
Cubeo	ñemico (fem.), ñemicʉ (m.), ñemino (inan.)	ɲɛmiko (fem.), ɲɛmikɨ (m.), ɲɛmino (inan.)		inheritance	cf. Andoke - ɲe		See Language page
Cuiva		tsáebia	negro, black				Huber & Reed 1992:227
Cupeño	tul-	[tul]		inheritance
Desano	ñiri	ñiri		inheritance			See Language page
Dhangu	gurrŋan(')			inheritance
Dhuwal	biḻak
Dhuwala	gurrŋan(')			unknown
Diyari	maru			inheritance
DiyariREU	[missing]			missing
Djambarrpuyngu	gurrŋan(')			inheritance
Djapu	biḻak			unknown
Djeoromitxi	biro	biro					See Language page
Djinang	mul			inheritance
Dâw	çaà	câ		inheritance			See Language page
Epena		pʰãi'maa					See Language page
Ese Ejja		#NAME?		inheritance			See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo	tewe; e-tewe (Girard 1971)	tewe; e-tewe					See Language page
Esselen	ala/-ki “dark, black”			unknown			Henshaw in Shaul 1995:219
Eñepa	tɨ-puru-ke	tɨ-puru-ke		inheritance			See Language page
Gabrielino	yupi:			inheritance
Gajirrabeng	thegoobeli-
Gooniyandi	gooroogooroo			loan
Guayabero		pa-ɸói (pa-ϕói-jax 'cosa negra' - 'black thing')		unique			See Language page
Gupapuyngu	gurrŋan(')			inheritance
Gurindji	mumpung			loan	Jaminjung
Hodï	wa'le			unique			See Language page
Huambisa	mukusa	mukusa					See Language page
Hup	j'á	ɟ’á		inheritance			See Language page
Ignaciano		tikisa					See Language page
Iipay 'Aa	nyilly	[ɲɪɫʸ]		inheritance
Ingá	iana	iana					See Language page
Iquito	mɨ'ɨnana	mɨ'ɨnana		unique			See Language page
Itonama		kawolo; karomaya					See Language page
Jabirr-Jabirr	mank	mank		inheritance
Jaru	guruguru			inheritance?
Jawi	meelga	milka		semantic shift
Kabiyari	kewere-ri	kewere-ri					See Language page
Kaingang	sà	sə; saɨ					See Language page
Kakataibo		to'nã				See 'blue'. Panoan wiso.	See Language page
Kakua		ʔêj- [be.black-]		unique			See Language page
Kalapalo	fuseuki; fuseukiñe	fuseuki; fuseukiñe		unique			See Language page
Kamayurá	pitsun	pitsun		inheritance			See Language page
Karajarri	4078			inheritance
Karajá		iləbɨ					See Language page
Kariña	karai	karai	black				Yamada 2010:747
Katukina		ṣ̌ɨšɨ					See Language page
Kawaiisu	tuhu-ki “to be black”			inheritance
Kija	manpe-			inheritance
Kiliwa	(kW)-nyiir			inheritance
Kitanemuk	jo7vy7k			inheritance
Kokama	tsuni (to be black)	tsuni		inheritance			See Language page
Koreguaje	chija'che	dʒixaʔdʒe		inheritance			See Language page
Kotiria	ñina (Waltz)	jina (Waltz)		inheritance	E-W Tuk		See Language page
Kwazá	be?ỹ-, hoho-	be?ỹ-, hoho-					See Language page
Lake Miwok	mulu/umulu			inheritance
Lengua		#NAME?					See Language page
Lokono	kharemen	kʰaɾemen	black				Pet 1987:351
Luiseño	yuva/-ta~i- “to be black”			inheritance
Maca		noʔ					See Language page
Macaguan	tsebí	tsebí		inheritance	Proto-Guahiban		See Language page
Maidu	si/wsi\w			loan direction unknown
Maihiki	nea	nea		inheritance			See Language page
Makiritare	hudumato (IDS, KH)	hudumato		inheritance			See Language page
Makuna	~ji-rise	~ji-rise		inheritance			See Language page
Makushi	arikkɨtun (IDS)	arikkɨtun (IDS)		inheritance	N Amaz subgroup		See Language page
Malyangapa	maRukatha			loan
Mangala	galoro			inheritance
Mapoyo	kërëkë	kɛrɛkɛ					See Language page
Mapudungun		kurɨ				Same form in Ranquel.	See Language page
Matses	tʂɨʂɨ	tʂɨʂɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Minica Witoto	hítï-re-de	hítɯ-rɛ-dɛ					See Language page
Miriwung	manype			inheritance
Mithaka	tjimpa			inheritance
Mocoví		n-aweʔ; l-awer-aʁaik					See Language page
Mojave	luup i=			unknown
Mosetén-Chimané		c̷in'katč; c̷in'kas					See Language page
Movima	tun-ni	tun-ni					See Language page
Mudburra	mungarramungarra
Mudburra	mungarra			semantic shift
Muinane	kɨβo-no	kɨβo-no					See Language page
Muisca	amuyhyzyn mague	amuɨhɨtʂɨn maγe					See Language page
Murui Witoto	hitï-re-de	hitɯ-rɛ-dɛ		inheritance			See Language page
Mutsun	murCumak “blackish ones, dark ones”			inheritance			O77:31,84
Máku	kabi, weʔči	kabi, weʔtʃi					See Language page
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect		ʔcãm					See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect		cʌːh, cʌŋ, ʔcãm		inheritance			See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua	yana	jana					See Language page
Ngamini	maRu			inheritance
Ngandi	mul'mul			loan
Ngarluma	warru			inheritance
Ngumbarl	rerrga, koorrba	<rerrga, koorrba>		unknown
Nheengatu	pixuna, tapayuna (piju=black, used in various native tupi languages, tapajuna used for color of skin)	piʃuna, tapajuna (piju=black, used in various native tupi languages, tapajuna used for color of skin)		inheritance			See Language page
Nhirrpi	murrumurru			loan
Nimanburru	mang	mank		inheritance
Ninam	ušI, ɨši (EM72)	uʃi, ɨʃi		inheritance			See Language page
Nisenan	kylym			inheritance?
Nivaclé		yakut	black				https://ids.clld.org/
Northern Emberá	phaimá	phaimá					See Language page
Northern Mangarla	maru
Northern Nyangumarta	warrukurlu			inheritance
Northern Paiute	tuu-, tuhu			inheritance			Thornes 03:215
Northern Sierra Miwok	kulul:i-			inheritance
Nukak		hɛ̃lẽ4		unique			See Language page
Nyangumarta	warrukurla			loan	Pilbara
Nyikina	ruga	ruka		doubtful loan
Nyulnyul	maarng	maarng		inheritance
Nɨpode Witoto	híɗï-re-de	híɗɯ-rɛ-dɛ					See Language page
Ocaina	juhtóóhfu	hɯʔtóóʔɸɯ		inheritance			See Language page
Paakantyi	gugiriga			unique
Paraguayan Guaraní		hũ					See Language page
Paresi	kiyere, kiya	kijere, kija		inheritance			See Language page
Pemon	iikkɨrɨng, rɨi (E1980); itarikutun (M2000)	iʔkɨrɨŋ, rɨɪ (E1980)		inheritance	N Amaz subgroup		See Language page
Piapoco	cúulíiri	kú:lí:ɾi					See Language page
Piaroa	idikwa'a	idikwaʔa		unknown			See Language page
Pilagá		l-'eed-aʁaik				Lit. 'prefix-black-masc. adj.'.	See Language page
Pirriya	[missing]			missing
Pitta-Pitta	tyimpa			inheritance
Plains Miwok	kulu7lu-	7 is glottal stop		inheritance
Playero		pe-tsebía-wa (espec.: 'cosa negra' - 'black thing')					See Language page
Puinave	#NAME?	#NAME?		unique			See Language page
Pumé	burɛ-burɛ-a; kãrã						See Language page
Páez	conchi	kontʃi					See Language page
Qawasqar		semen				Also akyawe, which also means 'night' and 'dark'. Bo, SpC record terekal; Gus, Sk record [pˀal], from Selknam 'pˀàr'. Fi records fkal; SpS records akyewokar for South QWS.	See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano	yana, chiwilu	jana, tʃiwilu					See Language page
Rirratjingu	gurrŋan'
Ritharrngu	mul'mul			inheritance
Salinan A	co/wuth (A),			unknown
Salinan M	cauwat			unknown	Mason 1918:149
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité		#NAME?					See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet		akpaasyamˀ					See Language page
Sanumá	uši (EM72)	uʃi		inheritance			See Language page
Sape	tsaiña	tsaiɲa					See Language page
Secoya	neaco	neakɔ					See Language page
Selknam		pˀàr					See Language page
Seri (Comcaac)	coopol (also “black widow spider”			unknown
Serrano	tYnA:-			inheritance
Shipibo-Konibo		čɨṣ̌ɨ; nikoro; wiso					See Language page
Sikuani		tsá-bia		inheritance			See Language page
Siona	sˀi; sˀiheihi	sˀi; sˀiheihi		inheritance			See Language page
Sirionó	ero'nei̯; sone; eišõ	ero'nei̯; sone; eišõ		unique			See Language page
Southern Paiute	to:-G			inheritance
Southern Pastaza Quechua	yana	jana					See Language page
Southern Sierra Miwok	tu:hi-, tuhuh-:i			loan
Southern Ute	tuu-, tuukwarY			inheritance
Suyá	tɨ'glɛ, tɨ'ylɛ	tɨ'glɛ, tɨ'jlɛ					See Language page
Tacana		ðewe-na; ðabi-da					See Language page
Tanimuca	dẽ'ĩã	dẽ'ĩã		inheritance			See Language page
Tariana	kadíte	kadíte		inheritance			See Language page
Tatuyo	jɨ̃ɨ̃-	jɨ̃ɨ̃-					See Language page
Taushiro	ayo ontu´	ajo ontuʔ					See Language page
Tehuelche		'pˀol-					See Language page
Tikuna	wẽxẽ [4, 4]	wẽʔẽ		unique			See Language page
Tiriyó	sikinmano	sikinmano		inheritance			See Language page
Toba		n-aweʔ; l-aid-aʁaik					See Language page
Trinitario		#NAME?					See Language page
Trumai	dat̯, tsi-dat̯	dat̯, tsi-dat̯		unique			See Language page
Tukano	ñisé	ñisé		inheritance	E-W Tuk		See Language page
Tuyuka	yĩ'ĩ	jĩʔĩ					See Language page
Tübatulabal	tuukupyy-l			inheritance
Tümpisa Shoshone	tuppapi(tyn)			inheritance
Urarina	hiʨuhwaj	hitʃuhwaj		unique			See Language page
Wai Wai	či-čwi-ye	či-čwi-ye		unique			See Language page
Waikhana	jĩ-dĩ	jĩ-dĩ					See Language page
Waimaja	ñíňĩ́	ɲírĩ́					See Language page
Waimiri Atroari	tapyryma	tapɨrɨma					See Language page
Walmajarri	kurnkurn			doubtful loan
Wangkayutyuru	jimpa			inheritance
Waorani	wẽ-ta-bõ			unique			See Language page
Wapishana	pʰudidi-ʔu	pʰudidi-ʔu		Doubtful loan	Carib, esp. Eñepa ti-puru-ke		See Language page
Wappo	co/:we			loan direction unknown
Wari	mišem	miʃem					See Language page
Warrwa	gurunggaya; gururrnggay; guru	kurungkaya; kururrngkay; kuru		unique
Washo	a/yaw			unknown			J333
Waurá	yala'ki; itʸula (latter is also "blue, green, blue-black")	jala'ki; itʸula		unique			See Language page
Wayampi	piyũ; -ũ	pijũ; -ũ		inheritance			See Language page
Wayana	alilinme (vb)	alilinme (vb)					See Language page
Wayuu		mɨtsia; mena-sɨ				The latter is dark/dirty spots.	See Language page
Western Mono	tumo7anigi-, tumu7anigi- “to be black”			inheritance
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay		ča'lah					See Language page
Wintu	culul			inheritance
Worrorra	waguma:da	waguma:da		doubtful loan	Nyulnyulan
Wubuy	duma			inheritance
Yabarana		kɨ'rɨkemu					See Language page
Yagua	vadacu-	wandaku		unique			See Language page
Yaminahua		βiso					See Language page
Yan-nhangu	mol'mulŋu			inheritance
Yandruwandha	impa (tjimpa in Yawarrawarrka)			inheritance
Yanomam	uši	uʃi		inheritance			See Language page
Yanomami	iši	iʃi		inheritance			See Language page
Yarluyandi	maru			inheritance
Yavapai	?nya_:			inheritance
Yavitero	mumu-hi	mumu-hi					See Language page
Yawarrawarrka	[missing]			missing
Yawuru	ruka; kalurru	ruka; kalurru		doubtful loan
Yine		ksaxi					See Language page
Yokuts Palewyami	moTka			inheritance			K1963
Yokuts Yawdanchi	tcUmgutan (chy:mgatan?)	xU is u/umlaut		unknown			K07:244, G64
Yokuts Yowlumne	*moDok'wiyi turn black			inheritance			N 1944 59
Yuhup	c'âh	c'âh		inheritance			See Language page
Yuki	shi7ik	c is sh		inheritance			S&S1984
Yukpa	korocha, korochi	ko'ts̺ots̺a					See Language page
Yukuna	kameni	kameni		inheritance			See Language page
Yuma	nyi:ly H3:209			inheritance
Yuruti	jĩ́	jĩ́					See Language page
Záparo	kak+ka	kakɨka					See Language page


Achagua
Aché
Aguaruna
Akawaio
Andoke
Apalai
Arabana
Araona
Arutani
Ashuar
Ayoreo
Baniwa
Bankalachi Toloim
Barasano
Bardi
Bare
Bará
Barí
Baure
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Bora
Bunuba
Burarra
Cahuilla
Camsa
Candoshi-Shapra
Canela
Carapana
Carijona
Cavineña
Cayuvava
Central Aymara
Central Sierra Miwok
Cha'palaa
Chemehuevi
Chipaya
Chiriguano
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Cruzeno
Chumash Ineseno
Chumash Obispeno
Chumash Ventureno
Chácobo
Cocopa
Cofán
Comanche
Cubeo
Cuiva
Cupeño
Desano
Dhangu
Dhuwal
Dhuwala
Diyari
DiyariREU
Djambarrpuyngu
Djapu
Djeoromitxi
Djinang
Dâw
Epena
Ese Ejja
Ese Ejja/Huarayo
Esselen
Eñepa
Gabrielino
Gajirrabeng
Gooniyandi
Guayabero
Gupapuyngu
Gurindji
Hodï
Huambisa
Hup
Ignaciano
Iipay 'Aa
Ingá
Iquito
Itonama
Jabirr-Jabirr
Jaru
Jawi
Kabiyari
Kaingang
Kakataibo
Kakua
Kalapalo
Kamayurá
Karajarri
Karajá
Kariña
Katukina
Kawaiisu
Kija
Kiliwa
Kitanemuk
Kokama
Koreguaje
Kotiria
Kwazá
Lake Miwok
Lengua
Lokono
Luiseño
Maca
Macaguan
Maidu
Maihiki
Makiritare
Makuna
Makushi
Malyangapa
Mangala
Mapoyo
Mapudungun
Matses
Minica Witoto
Miriwung
Mithaka
Mocoví
Mojave
Mosetén-Chimané
Movima
Mudburra
Mudburra
Muinane
Muisca
Murui Witoto
Mutsun
Máku
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect
Nadëb/Roçado dialect
Napo Lowland Quichua
Ngamini
Ngandi
Ngarluma
Ngumbarl
Nheengatu
Nhirrpi
Nimanburru
Ninam
Nisenan
Nivaclé
Northern Emberá
Northern Mangarla
Northern Nyangumarta
Northern Paiute
Northern Sierra Miwok
Nukak
Nyangumarta
Nyikina
Nyulnyul
Nɨpode Witoto
Ocaina
Paakantyi
Paraguayan Guaraní
Paresi
Pemon
Piapoco
Piaroa
Pilagá
Pirriya
Pitta-Pitta
Plains Miwok
Playero
Puinave
Pumé
Páez
Qawasqar
Quechua Ayacuchano
Rirratjingu
Ritharrngu
Salinan A
Salinan M
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet
Sanumá
Sape
Secoya
Selknam
Seri (Comcaac)
Serrano
Shipibo-Konibo
Sikuani
Siona
Sirionó
Southern Paiute
Southern Pastaza Quechua
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Ute
Suyá
Tacana
Tanimuca
Tariana
Tatuyo
Taushiro
Tehuelche
Tikuna
Tiriyó
Toba
Trinitario
Trumai
Tukano
Tuyuka
Tübatulabal
Tümpisa Shoshone
Urarina
Wai Wai
Waikhana
Waimaja
Waimiri Atroari
Walmajarri
Wangkayutyuru
Waorani
Wapishana
Wappo
Wari
Warrwa
Washo
Waurá
Wayampi
Wayana
Wayuu
Western Mono
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay
Wintu
Worrorra
Wubuy
Yabarana
Yagua
Yaminahua
Yan-nhangu
Yandruwandha
Yanomam
Yanomami
Yarluyandi
Yavapai
Yavitero
Yawarrawarrka
Yawuru
Yine
Yokuts Palewyami
Yokuts Yawdanchi
Yokuts Yowlumne
Yuhup
Yuki
Yukpa
Yukuna
Yuma
Yuruti
Záparo

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