Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

fall

Semantic Field
motion
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
caer
Meaning Portuguese
cair

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone annih “fall” inheritance
Cahuilla -chavi- unknown S&H 1979
Central Sierra Miwok pola:/-ng- unknown
Chemehuevi wy7i/-ku (sg) fall, drop inheritance
Chumash Barbareno piliklaw (Wash has piliqlaw) unknown Ono 1996:44
Chumash Ineseno pil-qot'in “to fall” (air-come.down) Applegate 54 unknown
Chumash Obispeno su/t'u unknown JPH
Chumash Ventureno woloji “fall over (as tree)”, woloqoji “fall (by tripping)” unknown JPH
Cocopa SiLy “several to fall” inheritance
Comanche typyhery “fall off, away from” unique
Cupeño xalew-yax (singular subject) [xaloyax] unknown
Gabrielino pori:no, puri:no (caer, of agua, girl) unknown
Iipay 'Aa wenall [wəˈn̯aɫ] unknown
Kawaiisu wy7i-ku- inheritance
Kiliwa tilu “caer uno”, tiilu “uno tras otro” inheritance
Kitanemuk hucyk inheritance
Lake Miwok 7u/t- unknown
Luiseño hulu/ka!i (singular subject) unknown
Maidu woda/ inheritance
Mojave alyaaqv= (of a person), inheritance
Mutsun 7innan “falls”; 7innanin “falls down” inheritance O77:28, 144
Nisenan wonda: inheritance
Northern Paiute wi7i inheritance Thornes 03:231
Northern Sierra Miwok ly:mehny- unknown
Plains Miwok joco:n-u-, unknown
Salinan A tom' (A), unknown
Salinan M tum' unknown Mason 1918:147
Seri (Comcaac) hant *cahji/it unknown
Serrano huc-q inheritance
Southern Paiute wy7i=y “to fall, to drop” inheritance
Southern Sierra Miwok peT:a-ngHe- inheritance
Southern Ute wi7I, wii inheritance
Tübatulabal ujuuk-at unknown
Tümpisa Shoshone hapikkwan, hapikkun “fall down”; inheritance
Wappo me/khshi7 unknown
Washo dipi/ti7i unknown J237
Western Mono wi/7i- inheritance
Wintu dile inheritance
Yokuts Yawdanchi wox “fall over” unknown K07:254
Yokuts Yowlumne *baT'an “fall down” N 75; unknown N1944:75
Yuki p'a:n- “fall 1” unknown S&S 1984
Yuma a:lyaqv H5:93 inheritance
Baniwa híwa, wéra híwa, wéra inheritance See Language page
Carijona anotarɨ (refl.) inheritance See Language page
Cubeo duivᵾ; duruyᵾ duivɨ; duɾujɨ unique See Language page
Dâw nõx nɔ̃x inheritance See Language page
Desano yuridija-ri (to fall from something tall); yurimere-ri (to fall from a lower seat) juɾidiha-ɾi; juɾimeɾe-ɾi inheritance See Language page
Eñepa -uwiɲa- (IDS) -uwiɲa- (IDS) inheritance See Language page
Hodï ko'lati unique See Language page
Waorani tæ̃ wæ̃æ̃ unique See Language page
Hup nɔh- ~dɔh- inheritance See Language page
Kakua bɨ̌gŋ inheritance See Language page
Makushi enaʔpɨ (IDS) enaʔpɨ (IDS) inheritance See Language page
Nheengatu wári waɾi inheritance See Language page
Ninam ke (EM72) ke inheritance See Language page
Nukak bɨɨgn2 inheritance See Language page
Maihiki taiyi, tomeyi tãĩji, tomeji inheritance See Language page
Pemon ena, esuruka, etiririnka, ataremo (A1981); enan (M2000) ena, esuɾuka, etiɾiɾinka, ataɾemo (A1981) inheritance See Language page
Resígaro ha?vanú, á?nú haʔvanú, áʔnú inheritance See Language page
Sanumá ke (EM72) ke inheritance See Language page
Sikuani jopa (2), otjopa (2), küx (1) hó:pa, othópa (plural, bóka-hunua 'caerse' - 'fall down, suddenly be lying prone') inheritance See Language page
Tariana whá wʰá inheritance See Language page
Tukano bɨrɨ̂ bɨrɨ̂ inheritance See Language page
Kotiria bora boɾa inheritance See Language page
Yanomam ke ke inheritance See Language page
Yanomami ke-aɨ ke-aɨ inheritance See Language page
Yukuna ja'akajo haʔakaho inheritance See Language page
Yuhup dɔ̃h ~dɔh inheritance See Language page
Arabana ngopanangaritjinta semantic shift
Bardi -jalgu- -jalku- inheritance
Bunuba jira-wu- unknown
Burarra bungga unknown
Dhangu galki inheritance
Dhuwal galkirri_x001E_
Dhuwala wirrdjawirrdja'yun unknown
Diyari purri- inheritance
DiyariREU [missing] missing
Djambarrpuyngu galkirri_x001E_
Djapu [missing] missing
Djinang galmidji unknown
Gajirrabeng berdbaj unique
Gooniyandi gard- unique
Gupapuyngu wirrdjawirrdja'yun unknown
Gurindji wani- inheritance
Jabirr-Jabirr injalg XXngl he fell injalk inheritance
Jaru wandi- inheritance
Jawi nunjalgoo nunyalku inheritance
Karajarri 3927 inheritance
Kija partal unique
Malyangapa purdi- doubtful loan
Mangala pungka inheritance
Miriwung jid unique
Mithaka puri- inheritance
Mudburra jak
Mudburra [missing] missing
Ngamini worantjanta unique
Ngandi rukba- inheritance
Ngarluma bungga
Nhirrpi warlka unique
Nimanburru -jalgi- [ma-j.algen] -jalki- [ma-j.alken] inheritance
Northern Mangarla pungka
Northern Nyangumarta pungkinyi- (V1) inheritance
Nyangumarta pungka inheritance
Nyikina -jalgV- [ma-j.algen] -jalkV- [ma-j.alken] inheritance
Nyulnyul mad@ialkan majalkan inheritance
Paakantyi yāga- unique
Pirriya [missing] missing
Pitta-Pitta kurrha inheritance
Rirratjingu ga:lki
Ritharrngu galki inheritance
Walmajarri wanti- inheritance
Wangkayutyuru kurra- inheritance
Warrwa jalwiny; -jalu- XXngl note that pv = root here. jalwiny; -jalu- inheritance
Wubuy rabi inheritance
Yan-nhangu dhululu'yun inheritance
Yandruwandha kari, warlka, warlkatharra inheritance
Yarluyandi [missing] missing
Yawarrawarrka panpangariri unique
Yawuru -jalkujalku- XXgl fall down repeatedly -jalkujalku- inheritance
Achagua káu káu unique See Language page
Piapoco yúuwàacawa júuwàakawa See Language page
Kabiyari huʔá huʔá See Language page
Yavitero núma núma See Language page
Bare hiwina, tʃakabuda hiwina, tʃakabuda See Language page
Wapishana wautʰa-n wautʰa-n inheritance? See Language page
Wayuu ohutu-waa See Language page
Yine hixrɨ-ka *Piro-Apuriná form is *hi-ki-rɨ-ka-. See Language page
Paresi exoa eʃoa unique See Language page
Ignaciano -'akipaikawa Also -'estapaikawa; -'emirika; -kahučukawa. See Language page
Trinitario -'wenopo; -pakareko See Language page
Baure nesta'paika nesta'paika inheritance See Language page
Waurá taka taka unique See Language page
Cha'palaa 'c̷u-'hi-nu; 'pah'tʸa-nu Also 'lu'paih-nu; 'bu-'hi-nu. *South Barbacoan form is *pahta-. See Language page
Bora aakʰítʰʸe aakʰítʰʲɛ inheritance See Language page
Muinane áákétte-ʔi (inanimate), áíɸe-ʔi (animate) áákέttɛ-ʔi (inanimatɛ), áíɸɛ-ʔi (animatɛ) See Language page
Akawaio damokkang da'mɔʔkaŋ inheritance See Language page
Apalai epukãko epukãke inheritance See Language page
Wayana anoka (tr), anota (intr) anoka (tr), anota (intr) inheritance See Language page
Tiriyó anota anota inheritance See Language page
Makiritare w-eduka-nə (IDS) w-eduka-nə (IDS) inheritance See Language page
Mapoyo puhka puhka See Language page
Wai Wai eΦɨrka-ra eΦɨrka-ra inheritance See Language page
Waimiri Atroari -ym- -ɨm- See Language page
Yabarana waska'sapɜ, ehnuwɜs'kaɾi See Language page
Yukpa antapoma, atana, atapo, nata, na See Language page
Kalapalo indiga- ('fall down') indiga- ('fall down') inheritance See Language page
Muisca zebenansuca tʂeβenansuka See Language page
Barí baɨgkirakbã Colombia: širəkayrə. See Language page
Northern Emberá bhaaí bhaːí See Language page
Epena baai- 'To fall down' is tu'du pa-. See Language page
Guayabero hop (singular) inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page
Macaguan bókuna inheritance Central+Macaguan subgroup See Language page
Cuiva hópa, óthopa caer, fall plural - hopéika, de arriba (from above) Huber & Reed 1992:358
Playero ita-hópa See Language page
Cofán amppiye ãphijɛ phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra pantsámaama pantsámaama unique See Language page
Taushiro o'ce oʔkɨ See Language page
Páez guete gete See Language page
Tikuna inangu (he/they fall) [1, 2, 3-5] inaŋu unique See Language page
Urarina kumu (fall down) kumu unique See Language page
Camsa xotsatɕána xotsatɕána See Language page
Andoke yidɨ́ʌtá ʝidɨ́ʌtá unique See Language page
Pumé kjatö chĩnã See Language page
Puinave [-dək] dək unique See Language page
Ashuar kakéektin kakɨ:ktin See Language page
Huambisa iyartasa ijartasa See Language page
Aguaruna iyáut ijaut inheritance See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect ki-pɨ:ñ, ki-pɨ:j ni (Martins, 1999) unique See Language page
Matses paëd, uebud (caerse) paɨd, uebud (caerse) unknown See Language page
Kakataibo nipakɨ-ti *Panoan *pakɨ-. See Language page
Katukina pakɨ-t- See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo pakɨ-ti See Language page
Yaminahua pakɨ-kĩ Also means 'drop' 10.160. See Language page
Chácobo pakɨ-; poṣ̌o- pakɨ-; poṣ̌o- inheritance See Language page
Yagua jupatye, juy (int.); ray, rumiy (refl.) xu:patje, xuj; ra:j, rumij unique See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua urmana uɾmana See Language page
Ingá urmai urmai See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua urmachina urmatʃina See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano wichiy witʃij See Language page
Piaroa moa'ćéh moaɁs'éh unknown See Language page
Sáliva llahbajaha ʤaʔbahaʔa unknown See Language page
Bará jã́ã See Language page
Barasano kedí- kedí- See Language page
Carapana 'jã́ã- 'jã́ã- See Language page
Makuna ñaja-re (mostly used for inanimate things); quedi-re (animate and inanimate) jaxa-ɾe; kedi-ɾe inheritance See Language page
Yuruti 'jã́ã- 'jã́ã- See Language page
Waikhana bo'ra- bo'ra- See Language page
Siriano burú-ri burú-ri See Language page
Tanimuca dyãʔ'ãrĩ ri'ka ʎãʔ'ãrĩ ri'ka inheritance See Language page
Tatuyo jã'ã́ jã'ã́ See Language page
Tuyuka jã'ã́ jã'ã́ See Language page
Waimaja ñã́ã̀ ɲã́ã̀ See Language page
Koreguaje tãimʉ tãimʉ inheritance See Language page
Siona guruji, tainji guruhi, tainhi unknown; inheritance See Language page
Secoya taiñe tãiñɛ See Language page
Karitiana ako, ´ot ako, ʔot unknown See Language page
Kokama uhuari uwari inheritance See Language page
Wayampi -ʔa -ʔa inheritance See Language page
Aché waʔa unknown See Language page
Chiriguano a inheritance See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní a See Language page
Sirionó ŋoɨ; ukɨ; põ ɨ ŋoɨ; ukɨ; põ ɨ unique See Language page
Kamayurá ˀat ˀat inheritance See Language page
Ocaina ooha, joova, faati ooʔa, hooβa, ɸaati inheritance? See Language page
Nɨpode Witoto baï.í.de baɯ.í.dɛ See Language page
Minica Witoto baï.í.de, u.ái-de baɯ.í.dɛ, u.ái-dɛ See Language page
Murui Witoto uaìde, caìde uaìdɛ, kaìdɛ inheritance See Language page
Iquito itɨɨni itɨɨni inheritance See Language page
Záparo ɨtɨkwanu ɨtɨkwanu See Language page
Wari panʔ; kamaraʔ panʔ; kamaraʔ See Language page
Araona bisa; pai Also dahaha, fall without a reason. *Tacn form is *-xaxa. See Language page
Ese Ejja oke-; haaɓičakiani unique See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo ote-kwe ote-kwe See Language page
Tacana dahaha- See Language page
Cavineña ribi-ya; pakaka-ya ribi-ya; pakaka-ya unique; inheritance See Language page
Central Aymara tinkuña tinku-ɲa See Language page
Cayuvava ka'riǰahi; kã; ɲakai'æǰahɨ Also ripã; šebo ~ hebo. See Language page
Itonama oliʔna; serehna; solohke See Language page
Kwazá bu-, hyja-, pu-, tou-, tsewe-, tuce-, tui- bu-, hyja-, pu-, tou-, tsewe-, tuce-, tui- See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané hõ'čai Also means 'drop' 10.160. See Language page
Movima tam̉-βos-eɬ tam̉-βos-eɬ See Language page
Trumai uapta(-n) uapta(-n) unique See Language page
Kaingang kutẽ, vom kutɛ̃ See Language page
Suyá teme teme See Language page
Djeoromitxi hõkü, nõkü, pä hõkø, nõkø, pǝ See Language page
Chipaya eš; txoḳ- Respectively: refers to person falling down; cause to fall (people). To fall over is ḳʰatš. See Language page
Mocoví w-aa-ɲi Lit. '(zero) 3p actor-free position-aspect-down'. See Language page
Pilagá n-ʔ'aḳa-ɲi Lit. '3pa-fall-down'. See Language page
Toba w-a-ɲi Lit. '(zero) 3p actor-free position-aspect-down'. See Language page
Lengua #NAME? See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité aptiyakmi; antiyakmi Also -paliyi. See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet nenteeyamˀ; nempalleyaamˀ See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay ni-čot-'čoʔ See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja -nuneʔ ~ -nyuneʔ See Language page
Maca -am-xuʔ Cf. 10.550. See Language page
Nivaclé -at; nkɔʔt-šaʔne fall; fall https://ids.clld.org/
Ayoreo ĩi'koorãʔ Means to stumble, fall. To fall inside is ĩi'koorã-haʔ. To fall from above is i'baaseʔ. See Language page
Mapudungun ɨṭ͡ʀɨf-naɣɨ; ṭ͡ʀanɨ Ranquel forms: ɨṭ͡ʀɨnaw-; ṭ͡ʀan-; naw-. See Language page
Qawasqar c̷eḳar Also karksayeks. Both forms mean 'slip and fall'. Sk, SpC record korkal for Central QWS. Fi, Hy, SpS record alas for South QWS. Cf. 'fly' 10.370. See Language page
Selknam w-hene; w-yèe; w-a Various vocabulary have to do with different positions or heights. See Language page
Tehuelche 'w-at-; 'w-ahe- See Language page
Kanamarí dapoki dapoki cair Magalhães 2018:363
Lokono thikhidin tʰikʰidin fall Pet 1987:357
Kariña tywoma tɨwoma fall down; be born Yamada 2010:820