Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

cook

Semantic Field
impact
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
cocinar
Meaning Portuguese
cozinhar

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Bankalachi Toloim his'să “cooked, ripe” 199 loan
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone ku-hanni” inheritance
Cahuilla -kul- inheritance S&H 1979
Central Sierra Miwok chy:/s-, shy:/s- unknown
Chemehuevi tygu/7uni unknown
Chumash Barbareno 7ipshel “cooked” inheritance Klar 1977:78
Chumash Cruzeno 7awyj “asar” inheritance JPH
Chumash Ineseno s-ipshel inheritance Klar 1977:68
Chumash Obispeno kiwisi “cocio” unknown JPH
Chumash Ventureno sh-ipshyl inheritance Klar 1977:78
Cocopa kuk, nyawi:/ rar, shiLy (over fire), unknown
Comanche kwasyty inheritance
Cupeño sixn-in [sɪxnin] inheritance
Iipay 'Aa wellyully [wəɫˈjʊɫʸ] inheritance
Kawaiisu kosi, kwasi- inheritance
Kiliwa t-h-maa h-uuy inheritance
Kitanemuk kwahan (trans), kwar (intr) inheritance
Lake Miwok kusne/eru loan
Luiseño kocha~i- inheritance Elliott
Maidu k'a/pti inheritance
Mojave alyuuly= inheritance
Mutsun hikku cook, be ripe, unknown NW (JPH)
Nisenan tokis unknown
Northern Paiute [kuha/ni inheritance Thornes 03:33
Northern Sierra Miwok 7okje- inheritance
Plains Miwok 7okje- inheritance
Salinan A nep (S), “cook”; unknown
Salinan M nApH unknown Mason 1918:144
Seri (Comcaac) cama/ma unknown
Serrano kwaha:n(in) inheritance
Southern Paiute qwac:y “ripe, cooked” inheritance
Southern Sierra Miwok kose:-nY, loan
Southern Ute kwAsy, inheritance
Tübatulabal tykkikuuj7-at loan
Tümpisa Shoshone tykymmahannih, inheritance
Wappo k'o/-m'i7 “cook, boil” unknown
Washo i/:bik' “to be cooked, ripe” 270; unknown J270
Western Mono sawa- (by boiling) inheritance
Wintu co:lma (cause to be cooked) inheritance
Yavapai nwi_:ri unknown
Yokuts Palewyami his/-tah “cooked, ripe” inheritance CHM Berman 2002
Yokuts Yowlumne hiSi “cooked” inheritance Golla 1964 p 61
Yuki 7u7uch'a:h-, 7u7uch'a7ah- “cook1, fry” unknown S&S1984
Yuma alYulYk “he cooks” H1:27; alYulY “to cook” H5:97 inheritance
Baniwa dzána dzána inheritance See Language page
Carijona ye (SM) inheritance See Language page
Cubeo boayʉ; cũcañʉ; jatʉóyʉ bóajɨ; kĩkajɨ; xatɨójɨ unknown See Language page
Dâw xaà xâ unique See Language page
Desano sora-ri soɾa-ɾi inheritance See Language page
Eñepa -əʔməh-ka-n (IDS) -əʔməh-ka-n (IDS) unknown Guahiban See Language page
Hodï ka'miuntai unique See Language page
Waorani æ̃dõ unique See Language page
Hup j’ɨw- ɟ’ɨw- inheritance See Language page
Kakua pɨ̌b unknown See Language page
Makushi rentɨ (SM) rentɨ (SM) inheritance cognate Pemon See Language page
Nheengatu memũy memũi inheritance See Language page
Ninam rɨpɨ (EM72) ɾɨpɨ inheritance See Language page
Maihiki cuacoyi kuakoji inheritance See Language page
Pemon tuma rintetok (A1981) tuma ɾintetok (A1981) inheritance cognate Macushi See Language page
Resígaro akú akú inheritance? See Language page
Sanumá tupa/ hali (EM72) tupa/ hali unique; inheritance See Language page
Sikuani jawa (2) (to be cooked) hawa loan Arawak, cf. Yavitero hawa See Language page
Tariana yána jána inheritance See Language page
Tukano do'á (HR 97) daʔrâ baʔari tũku; doʔá (HR 97) unknown; inheritance See Language page
Kotiria do'a doʔá inheritance See Language page
Yanomam hari haɾi inheritance See Language page
Yanomami rɨpɨ-aɨ, rɨpɨpraɨ ɾɨpɨ-aɨ, ɾɨpɨpɾaɨ inheritance See Language page
Yukuna moto'okaje motoʔokahe unique See Language page
Yuhup cɨw cɨw unique See Language page
Arabana tilitilinkata unique
Bardi laalbiidi laalbiidi inheritance
Bunuba wug- wuba- inheritance
Burarra wumbargujama unknown
Dhangu 2054 unknown
Dhuwal 2054
Dhuwala nyirmarama unknown
Diyari wayi inheritance?
DiyariREU wajinwajinta inheritance?
Djambarrpuyngu batha_x001E_
Djapu batha_x001E_ inheritance
Djinang bachi-gi inheritance
Gajirrabeng nalib unique
Gooniyandi woob- inheritance
Gupapuyngu 2054 unknown
Gurindji kampa- inheritance
Jaru kampa- inheritance
Karajarri kampanpa (1) inheritance
Kija kert unique
Malyangapa Mal: marrpa- loan direction unknown
Mangala kampanyarri (3) unknown
Miriwung woolthib unique
Mithaka kularni loan Yandruwandha?
Mudburra kamb-u
Mudburra kamba- inheritance
Ngamini kuki doubtful loan English?
Ngandi rna, dharl'-dhu inheritance
Ngarluma gamba inheritance
Ngumbarl wandumbulla wandumbala unknown
Nhirrpi kula inheritance
Nimanburru ma-loron ma-loron inheritance
Northern Mangarla [missing] missing
Northern Nyangumarta kampana- (V2) inheritance
Nyangumarta kamparna inheritance
Nyikina -marra- -marra- inheritance
Nyulnyul mamaran mamarran inheritance
Paakantyi 574
Pirriya kathaangu
Pitta-Pitta watyi inheritance?
Rirratjingu [missing] missing
Ritharrngu batha inheritance
Walmajarri kampa- inheritance
Wangkayutyuru yalawa- unique
Wubuy burddha unique
Yan-nhangu bathan inheritance
Yandruwandha kudla, kudlaindri inheritance
Yarluyandi wayi- inheritance?
Yawarrawarrka tililingana loan Arabana
Yawuru -lurra- (I) -lurra- (I) inheritance
Achagua tʃáneri tʃáneri inheritance See Language page
Piapoco chanàaca tʃanàaka See Language page
Yavitero hahua hahua See Language page
Wapishana warakʰa-n warakʰa-n inheritance Proto North Arawak? See Language page
Wayuu aľakahawaa See Language page
Paresi holokehitya 'cook meat' holokehitya 'cook meat' inheritance See Language page
Ignaciano -'imakiča; -'imakieka Also -hitaruka. Intrans. forms -kačeruhi; -kaparuhi; -čunaka. See Language page
Trinitario imaɣi-čo Also -komet-si, intransitive. See Language page
Baure išoera- (int.) iʃoera- (int) unique See Language page
Waurá a-wakula-ta a-wakula-ta inheritance See Language page
Cha'palaa 'ten-'gaa-nu; 'aʔ-nu The former also means 'awaken', cf. 04.630. Also 'a-'kaa-nu 'cause to cook'. See Language page
Bora tuú (T98) tɯɯ́ inheritance See Language page
Muinane tɨ́ɨhi (W97) tɨ́ɨʔi (W97) See Language page
Akawaio guuiibö guibö unique See Language page
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect kuipë kuipɤ See Language page
Apalai ahnõko, tyẽko ahnõko, tɨẽko inheritance See Language page
Wayana ëtïje ǝtɨje inheritance See Language page
Tiriyó [t]je (cook in water) [t]je inheritance See Language page
Makiritare -aʔnə (IDS) -aʔnə (IDS) inheritance See Language page
Mapoyo sëtëma-ri sɛtɛma-ri See Language page
Wai Wai yo (SM) yo (SM) inheritance See Language page
Waimiri Atroari bykw bɨkw See Language page
Yabarana 'himiohkaɾi See Language page
Muisca zmohoquysuca tʂmohokuɨsuka See Language page
Barí binasa *Chibchan form is *'du-. See Language page
Northern Emberá dyúi, aróbo-ói, nẽndyúi dʒúi, aróbo-ói, nẽndʒúi See Language page
Epena (ne-)čuu; (ne-)hoo- Lit. '(gen.)-cook', with water. See Language page
Macaguan tset unique See Language page
Cofán otaeñe otaɛɲɛ phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra kupámaama kupámaama unique See Language page
Taushiro onto' ondoʔ See Language page
Páez coya koya See Language page
Urarina enoala enoala unique See Language page
Andoke fá' (to grill) ɸáʔ (to grill) unique See Language page
Pumé čumã See Language page
Puinave [-kak] kak unique See Language page
Ashuar ináratin, inárkatin, niáratin inararin, inarkatin, niaratin See Language page
Huambisa inarkatsa inarkatsa See Language page
Aguaruna inajút inaxut inheritance See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect i-wo̱:p, i-wo:b unique See Language page
Matses codoca 'boil/cook in water' kodoka 'boil/cook in water' unknown See Language page
Kakataibo ʔaru-ti pɨpɨka-ti [v.a.], pɨpɨki-ti [v.n.]; u'nun-ti [v.n.] 'to cook in water'; βɨ'an-ti 'to cook for many people'. See Language page
Katukina pi-ti waʔa- See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo paṣ̌aati; yoa ati; waati See Language page
Yaminahua pĩča-kĩ See Language page
Chácobo hoosi- hoosi- unique See Language page
Yagua mitiy; mutivye mitij; mutivje unique See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua yanuna januna See Language page
Ingá ianui ianui See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua yanuna januna See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano yanuy, waykuy yanuj, waykuj See Language page
Piaroa ichü iʧɨ unknown See Language page
Sáliva icuaa doajaha ikʷaː doahaʔa unknown See Language page
Carapana roarique ɾoaɾike See Language page
Makuna to cook in water: roa-re; to be cooked: ñai-rise ɾoa-ɾe; jai-ɾise inheritance See Language page
Tanimuca ho'e ri'ka (to grill/ asar); dyo'a ri'ka ho'e ri'ka (to grill/ asar); ʎo'a ri'ka inheritance See Language page
Koreguaje kua'komʉ kuaʔkomʉ inheritance See Language page
Siona cua'cuji kuaʔkuhi inheritance See Language page
Secoya cua'co kwaʔkɔ See Language page
Karitiana otet otet unknown See Language page
Kokama ɨita ɨita unique See Language page
Wayampi -yɨ -jɨ inheritance See Language page
Aché baku unique See Language page
Chiriguano -ᵐbo-yɨ; (a)mõi; (a)yeᵐbiapo inheritance See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní ᵐboǰɨ See Language page
Sirionó muči; uči muči; uči inheritance See Language page
Ocaina aasa; dyaana aasa; dʲããa unique See Language page
Murui Witoto rocode rokode (B83) unique See Language page
Iquito capiini kapiini unique See Language page
Záparo mahinyu (carne), ityawhunu (todo menos carne) mahinju (carne), itjawhunu (todo menos carne) See Language page
Wari hoc (E&K97) hok (E&K97) See Language page
Araona hiɲa; sapa To cook without Brazil nut sauce is poloa; soi. To cook in the sun is hala. *Tacn forms are *śina-; *sapa-. See Language page
Ese Ejja kʷakʷa-nahe unique; inheritance See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo kwa kwa-kwe; hiña- (Girard 1971) kwa kwa-kwe; hiña- See Language page
Tacana hana-a-; hana po-; sina-me- See Language page
Cavineña hina-ya; e-ara-ki-ho-ya; e-ara-kia-ya; doka- (ara- means "eat") hina-ya; e-ara-ki-ho-ya; e-ara-kia-ya; doka- inheritance See Language page
Central Aymara manq´ phayana pʰaya-ɲa See Language page
Cayuvava čuǰu; opa See Language page
Itonama wasčuduhna See Language page
Kwazá wãdy-, wã-, arunã-, kunãtɛ-, wanỹ- wãdy-, wã-, arunã-, kunãtɛ-, wanỹ- See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané hemi'tih; hemi'tiʔ Respectively: masc.; fem. See Language page
Movima ɗehahal ɗehahal See Language page
Trumai (ha) olem (ha) olem unique See Language page
Kaingang ẽgnènh ɛ̃ŋnɛɲ See Language page
Karajá hera; idere See Language page
Djeoromitxi bzihe, txe bzihe, tʃe See Language page
Chipaya taḳ-; wexl-š Also ḳis, means to stir while cooking. See Language page
Mocoví y-anaḳ See Language page
Pilagá de-'wose See Language page
Toba de-woši See Language page
Lengua #NAME? See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité anhanki See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet neŋhanma See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay tape'nek Also taka'tay, with reference to the food of 'los blancos', the white people; such as rice, vermicelli, etc. See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja -ka-pen-an; -pen ~ pin Respectively: intrans.; trans. See Language page
Maca -ḳatxatey; -enixiʔ Respectively: intransitive; transitive. See Language page
Nivaclé -tatay; kxon cook; cook The latter is to cook on ashes. https://ids.clld.org/
Ayoreo ãa'reʔ To c. corn, manioc, beans alone or with meat. See Language page
Mapudungun θewma iyaelɨ See Language page
Qawasqar awas Also peykyo, which also means 'to boil'. See Language page
Selknam m-toxè Also means 'to heat'. See Language page
Tehuelche 'opˀen-; 'pˀāk-; 'wān Latter means 'asar'. See Language page
Kanamarí batsawaho batʃawaho cozinhar Magalhães 2018:361
Lokono bokon bokon cook Pet 1987:354
Kariña mo(ty) mo(tɨ) cook; boil Yamada 2010:774