Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

feather

Semantic Field
fauna
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
pluma
Meaning Portuguese
pena

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Bankalachi Toloim hah'-pul “feathers” loan
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone pyysi-ppyh inheritance
Cahuilla wikily inheritance S&H 1979
Central Sierra Miwok shala:/- inheritance
Chemehuevi wisi/a-v(i) inheritance
Chumash Barbareno s-qap loan direction unknown Wash 2001:40
Chumash Cruzeno sqapa loan direction unknown JPH
Chumash Ineseno qap “leaf, feather” loan direction unknown A 236
Chumash Obispeno chnuka “la pluma”, tsnuka 3(1)0170 unknown JPH
Chumash Ventureno sqap loan direction unknown JPH
Cocopa shawa/l inheritance
Comanche sia inheritance
Cupeño wiki-ly [wikiʎ̥] inheritance
Gabrielino kah-kar/-ah-poo-ahn “quail its-feathers” inheritance CHM/MC267
Kawaiisu wishi7aa-vy inheritance
Kiliwa walu inheritance
Kitanemuk mahac (flight) inheritance
Lake Miwok pa/kah “flower, feather” inheritance
Luiseño pe7 (possessed only), inheritance
Maidu je/ inheritance
Mojave siviily inheritance
Mutsun puT unknown O77:70
Nisenan je “wing feathers” inheritance
Northern Sierra Miwok po:sesa loan into protolanguage
Plains Miwok sale-, inheritance
Salinan A ecax (A) unknown
Salinan M sie/tH unknown Mason 1918:127
Seri (Comcaac) ina “down feathers” unknown
Serrano -pOh “fur, body hair, feathers” inheritance
Southern Paiute wyc:ia-S inheritance
Southern Sierra Miwok halaH- inheritance
Southern Ute wHsiavI H is voiceless V of indeterminate quality inheritance
Tübatulabal maashaawisht “ceremonial bunch of eagle feathers” inheritance
Tümpisa Shoshone pyhy(ttsi), pyhyppyh; inheritance
Wappo kha/pe loan into protolanguage
Washo i:sh unknown J1958:200
Western Mono qa/sA inheritance
Wintu k'alah, k'alaq inheritance
Yokuts Palewyami kep/-pel inheritance CHM Berman 2002
Yokuts Yawdanchi tcodo\ngic “feathers” unknown K07:241
Yokuts Yowlumne xa:pal (n1 flight), inheritance N1944
Yuki kop loan into protolanguage S&S 1984
Baniwa -phe -phe inheritance See Language page
Carijona ɨhotɨbə inheritance See Language page
Cubeo caveðo kavɛðo unique See Language page
Dâw xêè xê  semantic shift wing See Language page
Desano poari poaɾi inheritance See Language page
Eñepa -iʔ-pok -iʔ-pok inheritance See Language page
Hodï tɨə unique See Language page
Waorani õõ-bã unique See Language page
Hup hũ tæ̃h pã́t ['bird hair'] ~hutæh ~pát ['bird hair'] unique from 'hair' See Language page
Kakua júk-dup [hair-cl.long.thin.pointed] semantic shift hair See Language page
Nheengatu awa awa inheritance See Language page
Ninam ãhuk; šĩoik; yõik ãhuk; ʃ̌ĩoik; jõik unique See Language page
Nukak t∫ẽi3 unique See Language page
Maihiki jajɨca ja xaxɨka xã unique See Language page
Pemon pok (A1981); chiipok (E1980); toron chi'pok (M2000) pok (A1981); tʃipɔk (E1980) inheritance See Language page
Resígaro tsíináhí tsíináhí inheritance See Language page
Sikuani mianaja (13) pe-kóro-ɸe-to inheritance See Language page
Tariana dí-ča, díča-ɾe, daɾuphemá-ma 'penacho' dí-tʃa, dítʃa-ɾe, daɾupʰemá-ma 'penacho' semantic shift hair See Language page
Tukano poâro poâro inheritance E Tuk See Language page
Kotiria phoa pʰoa inheritance E Tuk See Language page
Yanomami pei hekɨ pei hekɨ unique See Language page
Yukuna chijneji tʃihnehi inheritance See Language page
Yuhup hũ pã̌t ~hu ~pǎt unique See Language page
Arabana yathi- unique
Bardi jolo jolo unique
Bunuba jalmarra 'wing feather' loan
Burarra mula unknown
Dhangu bulka' unknown
Dhuwal [missing] missing
Dhuwala buḻuk unknown
Diyari kutja inheritance?
DiyariREU kutja inheritance?
Djambarrpuyngu [missing] missing
Djapu [missing] missing
Djinang gilingkaḻ unknown
Gajirrabeng minjalng inheritance
Gooniyandi bin.gidi loan
Gupapuyngu butju
Gurindji pinkirr inheritance
Jabirr-Jabirr bandel bandel inheritance
Jaru bin.girr inheritance
Karajarri [missing] missing
Kija ?pinkirr- loan NGY
Malyangapa [missing] missing
Mangala jimpirri doubtful loan Juwaliny
Miriwung minjalng inheritance
Mithaka [missing] missing
Mudburra binkirr
Mudburra limbu unique
Ngamini tilipuru inheritance
Ngandi gu-warlmurr inheritance
Ngarluma bardu
Ngumbarl jallowa, jallow <jallowa, jallow> inheritance
Nhirrpi thirripurdu inheritance
Nimanburru wirinjin wirinjin unique
Northern Mangarla jimpirri
Northern Nyangumarta wipiya inheritance
Nyangumarta wirru inheritance
Nyikina jalmarra jalmarra inheritance
Nyulnyul bandel bandel inheritance
Paakantyi bulgi unique
Pirriya [missing] missing
Pitta-Pitta thathi unique
Rirratjingu butju
Ritharrngu burluk inheritance
Walmajarri pinkirr inheritance
Wangkayutyuru [missing] missing
Warrwa jalmarra jalmarra inheritance
Wubuy lhabag inheritance
Yan-nhangu guṯkuṯ unknown
Yandruwandha thirripurdu inheritance
Yarluyandi [missing] missing
Yawarrawarrka kutja inheritance?
Yawuru jalbarn; lulumba jalbarn; lulumba unique
Achagua báinaʃi báinaʃi inheritance sem shift from hair? See Language page
Piapoco báica báika See Language page
Kabiyari apána apána See Language page
Yavitero ic̷u itsu See Language page
Wapishana -iˀdi -iˀdi inheritance Proto-Arawak See Language page
Mandawaka ahanáhe ahanáhe See Language page
Wayuu ho-i (~ hɨ-oľi) See Language page
Yine mexi 'Small feather' is pitʸi. 'Plumage' is paxi. *Piro-Apuriná form is *'piti. See Language page
Paresi taniti, etane taniti, etane unknown See Language page
Ignaciano tahiyaʔa See Language page
Trinitario -'hiyoʔi See Language page
Baure e'sis e'sis unknown See Language page
Waurá -mapɨ (also means "body hair") -mapɨ unknown See Language page
Arutani oša oʃa See Language page
Sape ičam upa (possibly morphologically complex?) itʃam upa (possibly morphologically complex?) See Language page
Cha'palaa hu; 'haʔči The former also means 'hair' 04.144. *South Barbacoan form is *fu. See Language page
Bora ɨ́ʔxɨ́-xɨɨ́, ɨ́ʔxɨ-xɨ, ɨ́ʔxɨ-ne ɨ́ʔxɨ́-xɨɨ́, ɨ́ʔxɨ-xɨ, ɨ́ʔxɨ-nɛ inheritance See Language page
Muinane íxée-ne íxέɛ-nɛ See Language page
Akawaio chiipok tʃipɔk inheritance See Language page
Apalai oroko eny oroko enɨ unique See Language page
Wayana masilitpë masilitpǝ unique See Language page
Makiritare iʔhōʔtɨ (IDS); i'ho'tü (KH) (also means 'hair') iʔho:ʔtɨ (IDS); iʔhoʔtɨ (KH) inheritance See Language page
Mapoyo waanari-'bë waanari-'bɛ See Language page
Wai Wai yɨ-hΦo-či yɨ-hΦo-či unknown See Language page
Yabarana tipo'tihpə See Language page
Yukpa yabükü dʒupu See Language page
Kalapalo ikogo ikogo unknown See Language page
Muisca gaca γaka See Language page
Barí ããčĩĩ Colombia: ʔačinə. See Language page
Northern Emberá née-i née-i See Language page
Epena i'sia 'kʰara Lit. 'wing hair'. Also means 'armpit' 04.312. See Language page
Guayabero pa-lá-t unique See Language page
Macaguan -korchít -kortʃít inheritance Central+Macaguan subgroup See Language page
Cuiva pe-axú-to pluma, feather Huber & Reed 1992:270
Cofán tose, te'ta tosɛ, tɛʔta phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra poro poɾo loan, direction unknown Matses See Language page
Taushiro ñahan, chiyu´han ɲahan, ʃijuʔhan See Language page
Páez yacue yakue See Language page
Tikuna tʃiʔi unique See Language page
Urarina ïhi ʉhi doubtful loan Aguaruna See Language page
Camsa plumi-bxuá (from SP) plumi-bxuá (from SP) See Language page
Andoke -ñefʌ -ɲeɸʌ unique See Language page
Pumé puaché See Language page
Puinave #NAME? #NAME? unique See Language page
Máku ku:te (also used for hair) ku:te (also used for hair) See Language page
Ashuar úre urɯ See Language page
Huambisa ure urɨ See Language page
Aguaruna úje úxɨ inheritance See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect natuːh unique See Language page
Matses podo podo loan, direction unknown Candoshi See Language page
Kakataibo pɨči *Panoan *pɨʔi with related meanings 'leaf, thatch'. See Language page
Katukina pɨʔi Same as 'wing' 04.392; 'thatch' 07.520; 'leaf' 08.560. See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo pɨi; rani See Language page
Yaminahua pɨi Also means 'leaf' 08.560. See Language page
Chácobo pɨ-ʔi (also means "leaf") pɨ-ʔi (also means "leaf") inheritance See Language page
Yagua mu mũ unique See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua villma biʎma See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua huillma wiʎma See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano puru puɾu See Language page
Piaroa ujwabiyä uhwabijæ inheritance See Language page
Sáliva juwoo huwoː inheritance See Language page
Bará póa See Language page
Barasano hoa-ró hoa-ró See Language page
Carapana poa pɔa See Language page
Makuna hoa hoa inheritance See Language page
Yuruti póa-da póa-da See Language page
Waikhana bĩ'dĩkɨ̃ã po'a bĩ'dĩkɨ̃ã po'a See Language page
Siriano po'á po'á See Language page
Tanimuca po'dya po'ʎa inheritance See Language page
Tatuyo po'a po'a See Language page
Tuyuka 'poa ʔpoa See Language page
Waimaja ᵽóá ɸóá See Language page
Koreguaje kaapʉ khaapʉ unique See Language page
Siona ma ma unique See Language page
Secoya naña nã'ña See Language page
Karitiana sop sop unknown See Language page
Kokama wɨra-tsa ('bird-leaf') wɨra-tsa ('bird-leaf') unique See Language page
Wayampi pɛpɔ pɛpɔ inheritance See Language page
Aché pepo inheritance See Language page
Chiriguano -a; -r-aa; -h-aa semantic shift hair See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní t-aɣʷe See Language page
Sirionó erake; eheo erake; eheo unique See Language page
Ocaina tyafóóro tʲaɸóóro inheritance See Language page
Nɨpode Witoto ipóro ipóro See Language page
Minica Witoto iɸóro iɸóro See Language page
Murui Witoto iɸoro iɸoro inheritance See Language page
Iquito cajási (same as hair and fur) kahási (same as hair and fur) semantic shift hair See Language page
Záparo kahaakwa kahaːkʷa See Language page
Wari tenenein (šun) tenenein (ʃun) Also means 'hair' 04.140. 'White downy feathers of a bird' is moronakon me. See Language page
Araona e-iɲa Cf. 'hair' 04.140, lit. 'covering'. See Language page
Ese Ejja e-kʷičo; ɓoʔɓa; eɲa inheritance See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo e-'ɲa; boʔba (Girard 1971) e-'ɲa; boʔba See Language page
Tacana e-ina Also means 'hair' 04.140; 'leaf' 08.560. See Language page
Cavineña e-kata; ododo e-kata; ododo unique See Language page
Central Aymara phuyu pʰuyu See Language page
Cayuvava pɔtæ See Language page
Itonama mačara See Language page
Kwazá -xyico -xyico See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané paiɲ Cf. 'fishscale' 03.653. See Language page
Movima mumun̉-kʷa mumun̉-kʷa See Language page
Trumai kodetɬ šap kodetɬ šap unique See Language page
Kaingang fẽr #NAME? See Language page
Canela tɛp; krən- *Jê form is *tɛp. See Language page
Djeoromitxi hi hi See Language page
Chipaya pʰaši See Language page
Mocoví l-awe Also means 'hair' 04.140; 'fleece/wool' 06.220; 'leaf' 08.560. See Language page
Pilagá l-ayo-ḳte Lit. '3pp-feather/ hair-fem. thing'; see 'hair' 04.140. See Language page
Toba l-awe Also means 'hair' 04.140; 'fleece' 06.220; and 'leaf' 08.560. See Language page
Lengua #NAME? Also means 'hair' 04.140. See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité awa Also means 'hair' 04.140. See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet aawaʔ; anaata ʔwaʔ See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay -wu'le; -wu'le-y Respectively: singular; plural. Also means 'hair' 04.140. See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja -woleʔ Also means 'hair' 04.140. Cf. 'leaf' 08.560; and 'wool' 06.220. See Language page
Maca ɬewkuxux (f.) Cf. 'hair' 04.140. See Language page
Nivaclé -af feather See 'fin' 03.652. https://ids.clld.org/
Ayoreo ãra'ma See Language page
Mapudungun pičuɲ Ranquel form is ŋɨpɨ. See Language page
Qawasqar c̷apas 'Plumage' is takyes. Various types of feathers are: Em, terk-terk; atke; ayoyewara; away. Bo, Sk, c̷apaɬ; Cy, terkar, for Central QWS. Fi, Hy, ayes, for South QWS. See Language page
Selknam s-è-ètr Cf. 'wing' 04.392. See Language page
Tehuelche 'awr See Language page
Lokono (y)balha(-ha) (ɨ)baɽha(-ha) feather Pet 1987:357