bad
- Semantic Field
- quality
- Part of Speech
- Meaning Spanish
- mal
- Meaning Portuguese
- mal
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Languages
| Language | Orthographic Form | Phonemicized Form | Gloss as in Source | Etymology Code | Proto-Form | Proto-Language | Loan Source | Wanderwort Status | Etyma Set | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Source |
|---|
Language | Orthographic Form | Phonemicized Form | Gloss as in Source | Etymology Code | Proto-Form | Proto-Language | Loan Source | Wanderwort Status | Etyma Set | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achagua | máaʃi | máaʃi | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Aché | bučã | unique | See Language page | |||||||||
| Aguaruna | pégkechau, yájau | pɨngkɨtʃau, jáxau | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Akawaio | örii | öri | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
| Andoke | pihikhkoowa (RW52) | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Arabana | kurlu-kurlu | unique | ||||||||||
| Araona | -isi; šili; masawe | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Ashuar | pasé, nápchau | pasɯ, napʧau | See Language page | |||||||||
| Ayoreo | sii'n̥aa-i; siin̥aa-'ŋe | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Bankalachi Toloim | tŭs, tĭs 179 | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Barasano | baise, bɨose; roakɨo-se, roho-se | baise, bɨose; roakɨo-se, roho-se | See Language page | |||||||||
| Bardi | aleg | alik | inheritance | |||||||||
| Bare | maphau | mapʰau | See Language page | |||||||||
| Bará | jã'jã́ | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Barí | arongbɨšini; atraḳaari | Colombia: ʔatərə'karirə. | See Language page | |||||||||
| Baure | me'hewokon | me'hewokon | unknown | See Language page | ||||||||
| Big Smokey Valley Shoshone | acai” | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Bora | ími-tʰyḯ-ne, ímí-tʰʸḯḯ-pekʰe | ími-tʰjɯ́-nɛ, ímí-tʰʲɯ́ɯ́-pɛkʰɛ | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Bunuba | [missing] | missing | ||||||||||
| Burarra | -nerra | unknown | ||||||||||
| Cahuilla | ele/le-ma | loan direction unknown | S&H 1979 | |||||||||
| Camsa | baká, bákna sóje | baká, bákna sóje | See Language page | |||||||||
| Candoshi-Shapra | yóotarĩita | jóotaɾĩita | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
| Carapana | ñuetaje, cañueto (inanimate) | ɲuɛtaxɛ, kaɲuɛtɔ (inanimate) | See Language page | |||||||||
| Carijona | kurake | unique | See Language page | |||||||||
| Cavineña | hida-ma; hida-ma-ke; yo(ʔ)amo (hida-ma is literally "good negative"; (hida means good, -ma is negation, or no)) | hida-ma; hida-ma-ke; yo(ʔ)amo | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
| Cayuvava | poreǰi | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Central Aymara | jan wali (jan=?; wali=good) | ḳʰuru | See Language page | |||||||||
| Central Sierra Miwok | 7ysh:y- | loan | ||||||||||
| Cha'palaa | ['Φaasu] | From Span. 'falso'. | See Language page | |||||||||
| Chemehuevi | yvy-j | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Chipaya | ana šuma | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Chiriguano | katũ-a; kawĩ-a | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| Chorote, Iyojwa'ja | -fʷesye | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Chumash Barbareno | xinch'i | unknown | Ono 1996:71 | |||||||||
| Chumash Cruzeno | 7anisnemsh | unknown | JPH | |||||||||
| Chumash Ineseno | s-7axymyk' “to be bad” | loan direction unknown | A 219 | |||||||||
| Chumash Obispeno | ts'u7i/sy7 “el mal”, ts'u7isy “mal” | unknown | JPH | |||||||||
| Chumash Ventureno | muschum | unknown | JPH | |||||||||
| Chácobo | kaṣ̌aṣ̌ɨni | kaṣ̌aṣ̌ɨni | unknown | See Language page | ||||||||
| Cocopa | xcaq, xca:q “to be” | unknown | ||||||||||
| Cofán | egae, ega'o | ɛɣaʔo | phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS | See Language page | ||||||||
| Comanche | aity | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Cubeo | ãmeco (f.), ãmecʉ (m.), ãmeno (inan.) | ãmɛko (f.), ãmɛkɨ (m.), ãmɛno (inan.) | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
| Cuiva | á-be | malo, bad | Huber & Reed 1992:225 | |||||||||
| Cupeño | 'elel'i-sh | [ɁəlˈəlɁɪʃ] | loan direction unknown | |||||||||
| Desano | ñero | ñero | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Dhangu | biḏila | doubtful loan | ||||||||||
| Dhuwal | yätj | |||||||||||
| Dhuwala | biḏila | unknown | ||||||||||
| Diyari | malhanytyi | inheritance | ||||||||||
| DiyariREU | madlanti | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Djambarrpuyngu | 1850 | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Djapu | yätj | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Djeoromitxi | pipitxi | pipitʃi | See Language page | |||||||||
| Djinang | mirgi | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Dâw | kas | kas | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
| Epena | kʰa'čia | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Ese Ejja | kea-mase; kea-šoʔitai | unique | See Language page | |||||||||
| Ese Ejja/Huarayo | kia-tai | kia-tai | See Language page | |||||||||
| Esselen | pach- (Doc 19) | unknown | Shaul 1995:219 | |||||||||
| Eñepa | arʸɨpɨ-pe | arjɨpɨ-pe | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Gabrielino | moha:y “malo”; pl. momo:hem | unknown | ||||||||||
| Gajirrabeng | gerlbegang | unique | NJ | |||||||||
| Gooniyandi | yijgawoo | |||||||||||
| Guayabero | pa-béh ('cosa mala, que no sirve' - 'bad thing, no good') | inheritance | Proto-Guahiban | See Language page | ||||||||
| Gupapuyngu | biḏila | unknown | ||||||||||
| Gurindji | wankaj | unique | ||||||||||
| Hodï | yã-hai; yã-hã | doubtful loan | E Tukanoan, e.g. Bara jã'jã | See Language page | ||||||||
| Huambisa | pegkerchau | peŋkertʃau | See Language page | |||||||||
| Hup | páy | páj | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
| Ignaciano | 'wainarahikene | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Iipay 'Aa | wellich | [wəˈɫɪtʃ] | unknown | |||||||||
| Ingá | millai | miʎai | See Language page | |||||||||
| Iquito | sɨ'ɨsana | sɨ'ɨsana | unknown | See Language page | ||||||||
| Itonama | okˀela; kˀelala | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Jabirr-Jabirr | rib | rib | inheritance | |||||||||
| Jaru | marnany | unique | ||||||||||
| Jawi | logal | lukal | inheritance | |||||||||
| Kabiyari | tʃíʔka | tʃíʔka | See Language page | |||||||||
| Kaingang | kɔrɛŋ (IDS) | kɔrɛŋ; Φe kɔrɛŋ; kɔriŋrɛŋ | See Language page | |||||||||
| Kakataibo | ʔaisama | ɲu'sima 'bad, not understood'. | See Language page | |||||||||
| Kakua | jehěp | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| Karajarri | jati | unknown | ||||||||||
| Karajá | bina | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Kariña | ja'wame | jaʔwame | bad | Yamada 2010:744 | ||||||||
| Katukina | ičṣ̌a-pa | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Kawaiisu | 7ataa- | loan direction unknown | ||||||||||
| Kija | yilkuwurru | unique | NJ | |||||||||
| Kiliwa | h-u7-luuy, h-u7-luy-u | unknown | ||||||||||
| Kitanemuk | kysha7 | loan direction unknown | ||||||||||
| Kokama | aytse | ajtse | unknown | See Language page | ||||||||
| Kotiria | be bad: ~ya | ɲã | inheritance | E Tuk | See Language page | |||||||
| Kwazá | dotahỹ-, wãrẽdy | dotahỹ-, wãrẽdy | See Language page | |||||||||
| Lake Miwok | 7o/bu “to be bad” | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Lengua | #NAME? | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Lokono | wakhajan | wakʰajan | bad | Pet 1987:350 | ||||||||
| Luiseño | 7ala/xwi- “to be bad” | loan direction unknown | ||||||||||
| Maca | uɬʔaχ | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Macaguan | abé | inheritance | Proto-Guahiban | See Language page | ||||||||
| Maidu | wasa/ | loan direction unknown | ||||||||||
| Maihiki | ua ja | ua xã | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Makiritare | kənemhɨnɨ (IDS) (Noun form; verbal form is koneʔda); kone'da (KH) (means 'bad, evil'), konemhünü (KH) | kənemhɨnɨ (IDS); koneʔda (KH), konemhɨnɨ (KH) | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
| Makuna | bɨo-rise, ~jeja-rise | bɨo-rise, ~jeja-rise | unknown | See Language page | ||||||||
| Makushi | imakuiʔpɨ (IDS) | imakuiʔpɨ (IDS) | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
| Malyangapa | wanju | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Mangala | yakurr | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Mapoyo | sekupïnï (sekuru ?) | sekupʊnʊ (sekuru ?) | See Language page | |||||||||
| Mapudungun | weθa | Ranquel form is weða. | See Language page | |||||||||
| Matses | icsa | iksa | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Minica Witoto | ɸï.éni-de | ɸɯ.έni-dɛ | See Language page | |||||||||
| Miriwung | gelga- | unique | NJ | |||||||||
| Mithaka | tirra | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Mocoví | sḳa ʔmaʁa-raik | Means 'negative good'. Also se y-aʔmaʁa-ɲi, 'not 3p actor-good-down'. | See Language page | |||||||||
| Mojave | 7alay= “be bad, be ugly”, | loan direction unknown | Munro et al. 1992 | |||||||||
| Mosetén-Chimané | ham 'hemdsi (f.) | Lit. 'negative good'. 'Ugly' is aat'čis; 'mean, aggressive' is fa'koi; atčiyi. | See Language page | |||||||||
| Movima | um-ɓe | um-ɓe | See Language page | |||||||||
| Mudburra | wangi | doubtful loan | ||||||||||
| Mudburra | wangi | doubtful loan | ||||||||||
| Muinane | ími-tɨ-no | ími-tɨ-no | See Language page | |||||||||
| Muisca | achuenza | aʂuentʂa | See Language page | |||||||||
| Murui Witoto | maraiñe-de | maraiɲɛ-dɛ | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Mutsun | 7ekeT-tak “in badness”;7ekTe to be evil, bad | unknown | O77:81, 211 | |||||||||
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect | ʃo̰:, na-ʃa: do:, na-ʃa̰: ni | unique | See Language page | |||||||||
| Napo Lowland Quichua | paju | paxu | See Language page | |||||||||
| Ngamini | mana | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Ngarluma | walyga | |||||||||||
| Ngumbarl | lalgar | <lalgar> | semantic shift | |||||||||
| Nheengatu | puxuwera | puʃuwera | unknown | See Language page | ||||||||
| Nhirrpi | malandyi | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Nimanburru | rēb | riib | inheritance | |||||||||
| Ninam | wãlihiki, wãrihik | wãlihiki, wãɾihik | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Nisenan | 7os | loan direction unknown | ||||||||||
| Nivaclé | sas; n-is-a | bad | https://ids.clld.org/ | |||||||||
| Northern Emberá | kadrɨ̃́a | kadrɨ̃́a | See Language page | |||||||||
| Northern Mangarla | yakurr | |||||||||||
| Northern Nyangumarta | kurlujartiny | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Northern Paiute | syta “bad, badly” | unknown | Thornes 03:200 | |||||||||
| Northern Sierra Miwok | saj:e- | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Nukak | jee3 | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| Nyangumarta | kurlu | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Nyikina | yakoorr | yakurr | unknown | |||||||||
| Nyulnyul | reb | rreb | inheritance | |||||||||
| Nɨpode Witoto | pu.éni-da | pu.έni-da | See Language page | |||||||||
| Ocaina | úúra | ɯ́ɯ́ra | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
| Paakantyi | boolagalli | unique | ||||||||||
| Paraguayan Guaraní | ɲaɲa; aɲa | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Paresi | iniyalahare | inijalahare | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Pemon | auwakrö (E1980) | aʊwaʔrö (E1980) | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
| Piapoco | báawéeri | bá:wé:ɾi | See Language page | |||||||||
| Piaroa | suropa | sũɾ̃ɔphã | unknown | See Language page | ||||||||
| Pilagá | asonkoi | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Pirriya | mungany | unique | ||||||||||
| Pitta-Pitta | thawinya | unique | ||||||||||
| Plains Miwok | saj:e- | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Playero | a-béhe | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Puinave | #NAME? | #NAME? | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
| Pumé | čʰa-ĩ-dɛ ('not good'?) | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Páez | ewmée | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Qawasqar | asar | Sk, Bo, Fe record c̷eɬaper for Central QWS. | See Language page | |||||||||
| Quechua Ayacuchano | mana-allin 'not good' (CP94) | mana-aʎin 'not good' | See Language page | |||||||||
| Resígaro | matshíva?nú?́ | matsʰívaʔnúʔ | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Rirratjingu | maḻiku | |||||||||||
| Ritharrngu | wakin | semantic shift | ||||||||||
| Salinan A | (k)e/sene7 (A) | loan direction unknown | ||||||||||
| Salinan M | missing | missing | ||||||||||
| Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité | neŋmasom | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet | -koma; hakoma; mɨčo | Also rami; yoitima. | See Language page | |||||||||
| Sanumá | wani | wani | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Secoya | co'aji | koʔ'ahi | See Language page | |||||||||
| Selknam | ʔaymer | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Seri (Comcaac) | cmiipla | unknown | ||||||||||
| Serrano | kYSa:7 | loan | ||||||||||
| Sikuani | abéhe, bijatja (2) | abéhe, bijátja | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Siona | kˀuʔahi | kˀuʔahi | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Sirionó | maða-da we; ate; eɨcuã, echarõ (P85) | maða-da we; ate; eɨkuã, etʃarõ (P85) | unknown | See Language page | ||||||||
| Southern Paiute | yvy-g e.g. yvy-pa: “bad-water, whiskey” | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Southern Sierra Miwok | 7yh:yTy- | loan direction unknown | ||||||||||
| Southern Ute | yvyy-, yvyypyni, yvyypuni | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Sáliva | balladi | badʒadi | unknown | See Language page | ||||||||
| Tacana | ḳawem; sa y-ayamaʁa-ɲi | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Tanimuca | ba'i 'ka | ba'i 'ka | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
| Tatuyo | jũu-'kẽẽ ró- | jũu-'kẽẽ ró- | See Language page | |||||||||
| Taushiro | ya'cantu (worthless) | jaʔkantu | See Language page | |||||||||
| Tehuelche | 'gānknk; 'eʔnk; 'tˀer-; 'tˀero- | Also 'šeh 'tˀero-, bad character/ disposition; and 'ket 'tˀero-, bad behavior. | See Language page | |||||||||
| Tikuna | tʃiʔekɯmã | unique | See Language page | |||||||||
| Tiriyó | (wï)rïpë | wɨrɨpǝ (related to pejorative suffix -rɨpɨ) | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Toba | winarahi; mueperahi | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Trinitario | faxden falen; ae-tak | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Trumai | faxden falen; ae-tak | faxden falen; ae-tak | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
| Tukano | ña' asé | ña' asé, jãʔâro (bad/evil) | inheritance | E Tuk | See Language page | |||||||
| Tuyuka | yã'yã | jãʔjã | See Language page | |||||||||
| Tübatulabal | tysh, tyshwa-n | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Tümpisa Shoshone | kee tsawih | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Urarina | baaso | ba:so | See Language page | |||||||||
| Wai Wai | kičičme | kičičme | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
| Waikhana | jã-rĩ | jã-rĩ | See Language page | |||||||||
| Waimaja | jã́'jã́-ri-he, jã́'jã́(-ro) | jã́'jã́-ri-he, jã́'jã́(-ro) | See Language page | |||||||||
| Waimiri Atroari | kwada | kwada | See Language page | |||||||||
| Walmajarri | ngarla | unknown | ||||||||||
| Wangkayutyuru | manha | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Waorani | wẽdæ wẽdæ | unique | See Language page | |||||||||
| Wapishana | idikʰaɨda | idikʰaɨda | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Wappo | 7u/wa | loan direction unknown | ||||||||||
| Warao | asa | asa | See Language page | |||||||||
| Wari | kayi | kaji | Be badly made' is emʔ; 'do badly' is toʔ ara; širak. | See Language page | ||||||||
| Warrwa | girwa | kirwa | unknown | |||||||||
| Washo | 7nu/k'ubi | unknown | J 117 | |||||||||
| Waurá | pɨnaya; -itʸaki (latter is a modifier) | pɨnaja; -itʸaki | unknown | See Language page | ||||||||
| Wayampi | ni-katu-i | ni-katu-i | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Wayana | etumhakë | etumhakǝ | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
| Wayuu | mohu-su | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Western Mono | azaani-tU “bad”; | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay | 'kac̷iya | hʷi'c̷ah refers to a person really angry. | See Language page | |||||||||
| Wintu | c'Epkal | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Yabarana | no'pehera | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Yagua | javityurya | xawitjurja | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
| Yaminahua | čʰa-ĩ-dɛ | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Yan-nhangu | mewal | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Yandruwandha | madlandji | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Yanomam | hošimi, manahikə | hoʃimi, manahikə | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
| Yanomami | wãriti-wə, wãritiwə (EM72) | wãɾiti-wə, wãɾitiwə | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Yarluyandi | mana, var madna | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Yavapai | ?la/ | loan direction unknown | ||||||||||
| Yavitero | kuľusi | kuľusi | See Language page | |||||||||
| Yawarrawarrka | marki | loan | Arabana | |||||||||
| Yawuru | buka | buka | unknown | |||||||||
| Yokuts Palewyami | tiT'ipis, | inheritance | Gamble 1991 | |||||||||
| Yokuts Yawdanchi | toTHe | inheritance | K07:244,G64 | |||||||||
| Yokuts Yowlumne | toT'i7 | inheritance | Golla 1964 | |||||||||
| Yuhup | tæ̃hæ̃ | ~tæhæ | See Language page | |||||||||
| Yuki | ka7ach'am | inheritance | S&S1984 | |||||||||
| Yukpa | waye (SM) | waye (SM) | See Language page | |||||||||
| Yukuna | chapú | tʃapú | unknown | See Language page | ||||||||
| Yuma | 7ala:/yk “it is bad” | loan direction unknown | ||||||||||
| Yuruti | jũẽ | jũẽ | See Language page | |||||||||
| Záparo | ts+raniaka (malo) | tsɨɾaniaka (malo) | See Language page |
| Language |
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