Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

pain/painful/sick

Semantic Field
body
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
dolor, doloroso, enfermo
Meaning Portuguese
dor, doloroso, doente

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Bankalachi Toloim ŭ-nah-sā-yet ' 177, un-nu'-it 179 “sick” unknown
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone kammah(-n) dull pain inheritance
Cahuilla -qelya- (feel sore) inheritance S&H 1979
Central Sierra Miwok halu/j-nge- inheritance
Chemehuevi paka/ngkyrY “the hurting, the pain” inheritance JPH
Chumash Barbareno 7ishk'ij “hurt, throb, be painful” inheritance Beeler 1978
Chumash Cruzeno 7akunisy7 unknown JPH
Chumash Ineseno juxpan inheritance A 137
Chumash Obispeno ts'ena “duele” unknown JPH
Chumash Ventureno ushi7ik “tener dolor” unknown JPH
Cocopa rap, ra:p “to be in pain, of body” inheritance
Comanche ho7yopiY, ho7yopI unique
Cupeño qaawi-sh (singular subject) [qa:wɪʃ] unique
Esselen tamacu- “suffer” unknown Shaul 1995:208
Gabrielino ca:yt (sg “enfermo”) unknown
Iipay 'Aa malymaaly, henoo [maʎˈmaˑˈʎ], [xəˈn̯ɔˑ] unknown
Kawaiisu je7e loan
Kiliwa rap, rap-chaw, raap-u “doler”; ipaa=t-kW-rap “enfermo” inheritance
Kitanemuk muk, mukuk inheritance
Lake Miwok ma/ak “sick” unknown
Luiseño tiwa “to hurt, ache unknown Elliott
Maidu 7i/tu “hurt, ache, give pain; pain” unknown
Mojave irav= inheritance
Mutsun ka:yi “ache” inheritance O77:342
Nisenan wamaj “sick” unknown
Northern Paiute tyoja7i “sick” (sg) inheritance SAA 1982:13
Northern Sierra Miwok sike:n-y- inheritance
Plains Miwok sike- inheritance
Salinan A tipin, tipni/ya (A only) “pain”, timni/y'a “sickness” unknown
Salinan M xu/tia, ku/tia 'sick, ill' unknown Mason 1918:151
Seri (Comcaac) cmoque/epe “sick” unknown
Serrano myhcan “be hurt” inheritance
Southern Paiute paq:a “to be sore, have a pain” inheritance
Southern Sierra Miwok sike:-nY- “to be sick” inheritance
Southern Ute pAkaki inheritance
Tübatulabal ynnyhy-at “be, become (sg)” unknown
Tümpisa Shoshone kammah inheritance
Wappo ka/li:sha7 “to hurt, ache, pain” (vb) loan
Washo -a/ha unknown J1958:203
Western Mono qama- “to be sick” inheritance
Wintu t'aqima:s “painful” inheritance?
Yavapai ?chra\/vi “sick” \/ is breve inheritance
Yokuts Palewyami tE-hit/-nah “I am sick” inheritance CHM Berman 2002
Yokuts Yawdanchi chHUxUchH (verb to be hurt, sick) inheritance K07:253, G64
Yokuts Yowlumne thexth-in “to be sick” inheritance Golla 1964:64;
Yuki Ti:hish (N) sh as in English inheritance S&S84
Yuma 7achkwara/v “the sick one” HI:26; ac ara/v “to be sick” H6:150 inheritance
Baniwa dzáami, káiwhia, hiwiathítta dzáami, káiwhia, hiwiathít̪a unique; inheritance See Language page
Carijona kutusaka (SM) unique See Language page
Cubeo ijimʉ iximɨ unique See Language page
Dâw yʉmẽr jɨmæ̃h unique See Language page
Desano similar: pũrĩ-ri ('to be in pain/to hurt') pĩɾĩ-ɾi unique See Language page
Eñepa tosowantë', tïnëpëke tosowantǝʔ, tɨnǝpǝke unique See Language page
Hodï yã hã unique See Language page
Waorani wẽdæ wẽdæ ĩ unique See Language page
Hup peʔ- (v.) peʔ- (v.) unique See Language page
Kakua tɨbɨ̌p [sickness], tɨ̌b [be.painful] missing See Language page
Makushi paran (IDS) paran (IDS) inheritance cognate Pemon See Language page
Nheengatu maci, çaci masi, sasi inheritance See Language page
Ninam rãakai, rãamon (EM72) ɾãakai, ɾãamon inheritance See Language page
Maihiki juiquɨ aguɨ xũĩkɨ agɨ inheritance See Language page
Pemon enek-pe, te-paran-ke (A1981); e'nek (M2000) enekpe, tepaɾanke, (A1981); eʔ'nek (M2000) inheritance cognate Macushi See Language page
Resígaro vakhá-jú vakʰá-jú unique See Language page
Sanumá sali (EM72) sali inheritance See Language page
Sikuani awitane (3) (verb to be sick) awítane unknown See Language page
Tariana kakámia kakámia unknown See Language page
Tukano doʔâti doʔâti unique See Language page
Yanomam hariri, rãamo (EM72) haɾiɾi, ɾãamo inheritance; inheritance See Language page
Yanomami nini (painful), hariri (sick) nini (painful), haɾiɾi (sick) unique; inheritance See Language page
Yukuna kewini kewini inheritance See Language page
Bardi ararr ararr inheritance
Gajirrabeng warrebeng inheritance
Gurindji janga inheritance
Jabirr-Jabirr binbal binbal inheritance
Jawi iga iga inheritance
Kija warrern inheritance
Miriwung warren inheritance
Ngumbarl dardal dardal unique
Nimanburru waṛar waṛar inheritance
Nyikina binbal binbal inheritance
Nyulnyul binbal binbal inheritance
Walmajarri mimi inheritance
Yawuru binbal binbal inheritance
Achagua bálinakua bálinakua unique See Language page
Piapoco cáuláiquéeri káuláikéeri See Language page
Yavitero maʔľ̥ikaľi; kuľusi maʔľ̥ikaľi; kuľusi See Language page
Wapishana rinai rinai unique See Language page
Wayuu ayuui-ši; ayuui-sɨ Respectively: masc. verbal form; fem. verbal form. Noun form is wanɨľɨ. See Language page
Yine kapo-haľɨ; poha To be sick is hahixewna; yayitʸa. *Piro-Apuriná form is *põhã. See Language page
Paresi hokakitere hokakitere unique See Language page
Ignaciano humare; -juma Also -kahuma. See Language page
Trinitario #NAME? To get sick is ek'humačo. 'Illness' is hmare; -huma, respectively non-possessed; possessed. See Language page
Baure mavi' mavi' unique See Language page
Cha'palaa 'dilu- 'pe-ya ~ 'dii 'pe-ya See Language page
Bora chémé (T98) tʃémé unique See Language page
Muinane dɨ́ɨ́cɨba (W97) dɨ́ɨ́kɨba See Language page
Akawaio eekkɨmangdok (n.) eʔkɨ'maŋdɔk unknown See Language page
Apalai kurepyra, rupome kurepɨra, rupome unique See Language page
Wayana uwamela uwamela unique See Language page
Tiriyó ëëseenë ǝǝseenǝ unique See Language page
Mapoyo t-ere'punu t-ere'punu See Language page
Wai Wai n-amoto-ya-∅ n-amoto-ya-∅ unknown See Language page
Waimiri Atroari etypa etɨpa See Language page
Yabarana mo'ɾoɲe (pain) See Language page
Yukpa ensermó, etuch, etuche, etucha, etué, etuncha, itoche, ituche, neispo, uekpo, vainech, vaye, yase See Language page
Muisca iuquyn iukuɨn See Language page
Barí sašini See Language page
Northern Emberá hai (IDS) hai (IDS) See Language page
Epena kʰa'yaa See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra vagoya wankoja unique See Language page
Páez ãtsã´ ãtsãʔ See Language page
Tikuna ni2-3da4we4 (A58) nidawe unique See Language page
Urarina kʉnajti (to be sick) kʉnajti unique See Language page
Andoke yi- (sick) ʝi- (sick) unique See Language page
Pumé gito hãbo See Language page
Puinave [-ep] ep unique See Language page
Ashuar sungkúrmaku, najáimiau suŋkurmaku, naxaimiau See Language page
Huambisa jatasa xatasa See Language page
Aguaruna jáu xau unique See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect da-tæʃ, da-tæ:j unique See Language page
Matses nënë, paë nɨnɨ, paɨ unknown See Language page
Kakataibo ʔi'sĩ- ~ ʔĩ'sĩ Also čua-ti; ɲu-ti. *Panoan *ʔ[ĩ]sĩ-, possibly *ʔ[ĩ]s[t]ĩ-. See Language page
Katukina βopiʔa-; yama-ti See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo isĩti; isĩ See Language page
Yaminahua isini iki See Language page
Chácobo anoma anoma unique See Language page
Yagua divajni diwajni unique See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua ungushca unguʃka See Language page
Ingá ungug, dipurdundi ungug, dipurdundi See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua ungushca unguʃka See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano unquq (CP94) unquq See Language page
Piaroa na'wáća'á', wáɨ'ya pe'ɨ'ɨh naɁwás'aɁáɁ, wáɨɁja peɁɨɁɨh unique See Language page
Sáliva sõhdi 'illness' sõʔdi 'illness' unique See Language page
Makuna to be in pain: jũni wisi-re; to hurt: jũni-rise xũni wisi-ɾe; xũni-rise inheritance See Language page
Tanimuca hĩ'dyũ 'ki hĩ'ʎũ 'ki inheritance See Language page
Koreguaje jũnisomʉ xũnisomʉ inheritance See Language page
Kokama aicua (to become sick); aicuan (adj.) aikua; aikuan unique See Language page
Wayampi tɛkɔ-lã ('human being-false') tɛkɔ-lã ('human being-false') unique See Language page
Aché ačɨ inheritance See Language page
Chiriguano asɨ; -r-asɨ; h-asɨ inheritance See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní ha'sɨva; t-asɨ See Language page
Sirionó ɲi̯masi; erasi; tasi; tomo ɲi̯masi; erasi; tasi; tomo inheritance See Language page
Ocaina ahtího (pain); tyóuuhyo (sick) aʔtíʔo (pain); tʲóɯɯʔjo (sick) unknown; inheritance See Language page
Murui Witoto duidɨmɨe duidɯmɯɛ (B83) inheritance See Language page
Iquito anásana (painful), ihuarɨɨni (to be sick, die) anásana (painful), iwarɨɨni (to be sick, die) unknown See Language page
Wari caxi (E&K97) kaʃi (E&K97) See Language page
Araona neda; mikata See Language page
Ese Ejja #NAME? inheritance See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo kia-nee (specifically meaning "sick" or "sickness"); kea-mano (Girard 1971) kia-nee; kea-mano See Language page
Tacana čiki; neda See Language page
Cavineña ohehe-da-ke; adʸa-ya (specifically meaning "sick" or "sickness") ohehe-da-ke; adʸa-ya unique See Language page
Central Aymara usuta usuta; usu See Language page
Cayuvava beine ~ βe'inæ See Language page
Itonama wahdiʔke; paylalaʔna Noun form is uh-wahdi; paylala. See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané hapak-'ui See Language page
Movima tera-ni tera-ni See Language page
Trumai oke oke unique See Language page
Kaingang kaga kaŋãŋ; kaŋa See Language page
Canela taa (ta ?) *Jê form is *na. See Language page
Suyá sók sók See Language page
Djeoromitxi hübi høbi See Language page
Chipaya kona; laa; laači Also č̣ˀuxlɲi, a high fever. To make sick is laa kʰiš. 'To become sick (in a special context)' is ašinš. See Language page
Mocoví r-alola See Language page
Pilagá yi-lw-aak Lit. '3pa-die-?'. See Language page
Toba d-alola See Language page
Lengua #NAME? Verbal form. See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité ap-masoli; ak-masoli See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet neŋmaskeem; neŋmaskeema ʔtoʔ Also akmaska eŋyempehek; kas eŋyempehek; neŋmaskeem seŋaʔheem; neŋmaskeeme eŋak; neŋhaaɬammaɬkaʔ. See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay le-witoy 'ihi Also lo'n-ek 'sick, death, damage' is used, preceding the agent of the sickness. See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja xe-es Lit. 'not good'. See Language page
Maca wanḳac̷ʔeʔ See Language page
Nivaclé aɔtex; -yaša; -ta-yaša-y; wat-aʔyaša https://ids.clld.org/
Ayoreo een̥aa'retããi Also een̥aa'retẽẽ; de'keen̥arẽẽ. See Language page
Mapudungun kuṭ͡ʀan Same in Ranquel. See Language page
Qawasqar af Gui records the same for Central QWS. Bo records xalel for Central QWS. SpS records af for South QWS. See Language page
Selknam kwaki t-hà Lit. -'sickness-him-hits'. Also kwaki t-yo 'sickness-him-looks for'. Also ʔelòʔawel t-hà 'sickness by witchcraft him hits'. See Language page
Tehuelche 'šoyo-; 'kaheyšo- See Language page
Lokono kari(-hi) kaɾi(-hi) pain Pet 1987:366
Kariña je'tumbe jeʔtumbe pain; hurt Yamada 2010:744