Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

pain/painful/sick

Semantic Field: body
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: dolor, doloroso, enfermo
Meaning Portuguese: dor, doloroso, doente

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Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Loan Source	General Notes	Source
Achagua	bálinakua	bálinakua		unique			See Language page
Aché		ačɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Aguaruna	jáu	xau		unique			See Language page
Akawaio	eekkɨmangdok (n.)	eʔkɨ'maŋdɔk		unknown			See Language page
Andoke	yi- (sick)	ʝi- (sick)		unique			See Language page
Apalai	kurepyra, rupome	kurepɨra, rupome		unique			See Language page
Araona		neda; mikata					See Language page
Ashuar	sungkúrmaku, najáimiau	suŋkurmaku, naxaimiau					See Language page
Ayoreo		een̥aa'retããi				Also een̥aa'retẽẽ; de'keen̥arẽẽ.	See Language page
Baniwa	dzáami, káiwhia, hiwiathítta	dzáami, káiwhia, hiwiathít̪a		unique; inheritance			See Language page
Bankalachi Toloim	ŭ-nah-sā-yet ' 177, un-nu'-it 179 “sick”			unknown
Bardi	ararr	ararr		inheritance
Barí		sašini					See Language page
Baure	mavi'	mavi'		unique			See Language page
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone	kammah(-n) dull pain			inheritance
Bora	chémé (T98)	tʃémé		unique			See Language page
Cahuilla	-qelya- (feel sore)			inheritance			S&H 1979
Candoshi-Shapra	vagoya	wankoja		unique			See Language page
Canela		taa (ta ?)				Jê form is na.	See Language page
Carijona	kutusaka (SM)			unique			See Language page
Cavineña	ohehe-da-ke; adʸa-ya (specifically meaning "sick" or "sickness")	ohehe-da-ke; adʸa-ya		unique			See Language page
Cayuvava		beine ~ βe'inæ					See Language page
Central Aymara	usuta	usuta; usu					See Language page
Central Sierra Miwok	halu/j-nge-			inheritance
Cha'palaa		'dilu- 'pe-ya ~ 'dii 'pe-ya					See Language page
Chemehuevi	paka/ngkyrY “the hurting, the pain”			inheritance			JPH
Chipaya		kona; laa; laači				Also č̣ˀuxlɲi, a high fever. To make sick is laa kʰiš. 'To become sick (in a special context)' is ašinš.	See Language page
Chiriguano		asɨ; -r-asɨ; h-asɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja		xe-es				Lit. 'not good'.	See Language page
Chumash Barbareno	7ishk'ij “hurt, throb, be painful”			inheritance			Beeler 1978
Chumash Cruzeno	7akunisy7			unknown			JPH
Chumash Ineseno	juxpan			inheritance			A 137
Chumash Obispeno	ts'ena “duele”			unknown			JPH
Chumash Ventureno	ushi7ik “tener dolor”			unknown			JPH
Chácobo	anoma	anoma		unique			See Language page
Cocopa	rap, ra:p “to be in pain, of body”			inheritance
Comanche	ho7yopiY, ho7yopI			unique
Cubeo	ijimʉ	iximɨ		unique			See Language page
Cupeño	qaawi-sh (singular subject)	[qa:wɪʃ]		unique
Desano	similar: pũrĩ-ri ('to be in pain/to hurt')	pĩɾĩ-ɾi		unique			See Language page
Djeoromitxi	hübi	høbi					See Language page
Dâw	yʉmẽr	jɨmæ̃h		unique			See Language page
Epena		kʰa'yaa					See Language page
Ese Ejja		#NAME?		inheritance			See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo	kia-nee (specifically meaning "sick" or "sickness"); kea-mano (Girard 1971)	kia-nee; kea-mano					See Language page
Esselen	tamacu- “suffer”			unknown			Shaul 1995:208
Eñepa	tosowantë', tïnëpëke	tosowantǝʔ, tɨnǝpǝke		unique			See Language page
Gabrielino	ca:yt (sg “enfermo”)			unknown
Gajirrabeng	warrebeng			inheritance
Gurindji	janga			inheritance
Hodï		yã hã		unique			See Language page
Huambisa	jatasa	xatasa					See Language page
Hup	peʔ- (v.)	peʔ- (v.)		unique			See Language page
Ignaciano		humare; -juma				Also -kahuma.	See Language page
Iipay 'Aa	malymaaly, henoo	[maʎˈmaˑˈʎ], [xəˈn̯ɔˑ]		unknown
Ingá	ungug, dipurdundi	ungug, dipurdundi					See Language page
Iquito	anásana (painful), ihuarɨɨni (to be sick, die)	anásana (painful), iwarɨɨni (to be sick, die)		unknown			See Language page
Itonama		wahdiʔke; paylalaʔna				Noun form is uh-wahdi; paylala.	See Language page
Jabirr-Jabirr	binbal	binbal		inheritance
Jawi	iga	iga		inheritance
Kaingang	kaga	kaŋãŋ; kaŋa					See Language page
Kakataibo		ʔi'sĩ- ~ ʔĩ'sĩ				Also čua-ti; ɲu-ti. Panoan ʔ[ĩ]sĩ-, possibly *ʔ[ĩ]s[t]ĩ-.	See Language page
Kakua		tɨbɨ̌p [sickness], tɨ̌b [be.painful]		missing			See Language page
Kariña	je'tumbe	jeʔtumbe	pain; hurt				Yamada 2010:744
Katukina		βopiʔa-; yama-ti					See Language page
Kawaiisu	je7e			loan
Kija	warrern			inheritance
Kiliwa	rap, rap-chaw, raap-u “doler”; ipaa=t-kW-rap “enfermo”			inheritance
Kitanemuk	muk, mukuk			inheritance
Kokama	aicua (to become sick); aicuan (adj.)	aikua; aikuan		unique			See Language page
Koreguaje	jũnisomʉ	xũnisomʉ		inheritance			See Language page
Lake Miwok	ma/ak “sick”			unknown
Lengua		#NAME?				Verbal form.	See Language page
Lokono	kari(-hi)	kaɾi(-hi)	pain				Pet 1987:366
Luiseño	tiwa “to hurt, ache			unknown			Elliott
Maca		wanḳac̷ʔeʔ					See Language page
Maidu	7i/tu “hurt, ache, give pain; pain”			unknown
Maihiki	juiquɨ aguɨ	xũĩkɨ agɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Makuna	to be in pain: jũni wisi-re; to hurt: jũni-rise	xũni wisi-ɾe; xũni-rise		inheritance			See Language page
Makushi	paran (IDS)	paran (IDS)		inheritance	cognate Pemon		See Language page
Mapoyo	t-ere'punu	t-ere'punu					See Language page
Mapudungun		kuṭ͡ʀan				Same in Ranquel.	See Language page
Matses	nënë, paë	nɨnɨ, paɨ		unknown			See Language page
Miriwung	warren			inheritance
Mocoví		r-alola					See Language page
Mojave	irav=			inheritance
Mosetén-Chimané		hapak-'ui					See Language page
Movima	tera-ni	tera-ni					See Language page
Muinane	dɨ́ɨ́cɨba (W97)	dɨ́ɨ́kɨba					See Language page
Muisca	iuquyn	iukuɨn					See Language page
Murui Witoto	duidɨmɨe	duidɯmɯɛ (B83)		inheritance			See Language page
Mutsun	ka:yi “ache”			inheritance			O77:342
Nadëb/Roçado dialect		da-tæʃ, da-tæ:j		unique			See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua	ungushca	unguʃka					See Language page
Ngumbarl	dardal	dardal		unique
Nheengatu	maci, çaci	masi, sasi		inheritance			See Language page
Nimanburru	waṛar	waṛar		inheritance
Ninam	rãakai, rãamon (EM72)	ɾãakai, ɾãamon		inheritance			See Language page
Nisenan	wamaj “sick”			unknown
Nivaclé		aɔtex; -yaša; -ta-yaša-y; wat-aʔyaša					https://ids.clld.org/
Northern Emberá	hai (IDS)	hai (IDS)					See Language page
Northern Paiute	tyoja7i “sick” (sg)			inheritance			SAA 1982:13
Northern Sierra Miwok	sike:n-y-			inheritance
Nyikina	binbal	binbal		inheritance
Nyulnyul	binbal	binbal		inheritance
Ocaina	ahtího (pain); tyóuuhyo (sick)	aʔtíʔo (pain); tʲóɯɯʔjo (sick)		unknown; inheritance			See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní		ha'sɨva; t-asɨ					See Language page
Paresi	hokakitere	hokakitere		unique			See Language page
Pemon	enek-pe, te-paran-ke (A1981); e'nek (M2000)	enekpe, tepaɾanke, (A1981); eʔ'nek (M2000)		inheritance	cognate Macushi		See Language page
Piapoco	cáuláiquéeri	káuláikéeri					See Language page
Piaroa	na'wáća'á', wáɨ'ya pe'ɨ'ɨh	naɁwás'aɁáɁ, wáɨɁja peɁɨɁɨh		unique			See Language page
Pilagá		yi-lw-aak				Lit. '3pa-die-?'.	See Language page
Plains Miwok	sike-			inheritance
Puinave	[-ep]	ep		unique			See Language page
Pumé	gito hãbo						See Language page
Páez	ãtsã´	ãtsãʔ					See Language page
Qawasqar		af				Gui records the same for Central QWS. Bo records xalel for Central QWS. SpS records af for South QWS.	See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano	unquq (CP94)	unquq					See Language page
Resígaro	vakhá-jú	vakʰá-jú		unique			See Language page
Salinan A	tipin, tipni/ya (A only) “pain”, timni/y'a “sickness”			unknown
Salinan M	xu/tia, ku/tia 'sick, ill'			unknown			Mason 1918:151
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité		ap-masoli; ak-masoli					See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet		neŋmaskeem; neŋmaskeema ʔtoʔ				Also akmaska eŋyempehek; kas eŋyempehek; neŋmaskeem seŋaʔheem; neŋmaskeeme eŋak; neŋhaaɬammaɬkaʔ.	See Language page
Sanumá	sali (EM72)	sali		inheritance			See Language page
Selknam		kwaki t-hà				Lit. -'sickness-him-hits'. Also kwaki t-yo 'sickness-him-looks for'. Also ʔelòʔawel t-hà 'sickness by witchcraft him hits'.	See Language page
Seri (Comcaac)	cmoque/epe “sick”			unknown
Serrano	myhcan “be hurt”			inheritance
Shipibo-Konibo		isĩti; isĩ					See Language page
Sikuani	awitane (3) (verb to be sick)	awítane		unknown			See Language page
Sirionó	ɲi̯masi; erasi; tasi; tomo	ɲi̯masi; erasi; tasi; tomo		inheritance			See Language page
Southern Paiute	paq:a “to be sore, have a pain”			inheritance
Southern Pastaza Quechua	ungushca	unguʃka					See Language page
Southern Sierra Miwok	sike:-nY- “to be sick”			inheritance
Southern Ute	pAkaki			inheritance
Suyá	sók	sók					See Language page
Sáliva	sõhdi 'illness'	sõʔdi 'illness'		unique			See Language page
Tacana		čiki; neda					See Language page
Tanimuca	hĩ'dyũ 'ki	hĩ'ʎũ 'ki		inheritance			See Language page
Tariana	kakámia	kakámia		unknown			See Language page
Tehuelche		'šoyo-; 'kaheyšo-					See Language page
Tikuna	ni2-3da4we4 (A58)	nidawe		unique			See Language page
Tiriyó	ëëseenë	ǝǝseenǝ		unique			See Language page
Toba		d-alola					See Language page
Trinitario		#NAME?				To get sick is ek'humačo. 'Illness' is hmare; -huma, respectively non-possessed; possessed.	See Language page
Trumai	oke	oke		unique			See Language page
Tukano	doʔâti	doʔâti		unique			See Language page
Tübatulabal	ynnyhy-at “be, become (sg)”			unknown
Tümpisa Shoshone	kammah			inheritance
Urarina	kʉnajti (to be sick)	kʉnajti		unique			See Language page
Wai Wai	n-amoto-ya-∅	n-amoto-ya-∅		unknown			See Language page
Waimiri Atroari	etypa	etɨpa					See Language page
Walmajarri	mimi			inheritance
Waorani	wẽdæ wẽdæ ĩ			unique			See Language page
Wapishana	rinai	rinai		unique			See Language page
Wappo	ka/li:sha7 “to hurt, ache, pain” (vb)			loan
Wari	caxi (E&K97)	kaʃi (E&K97)					See Language page
Washo	-a/ha			unknown			J1958:203
Wayampi	tɛkɔ-lã ('human being-false')	tɛkɔ-lã ('human being-false')		unique			See Language page
Wayana	uwamela	uwamela		unique			See Language page
Wayuu		ayuui-ši; ayuui-sɨ				Respectively: masc. verbal form; fem. verbal form. Noun form is wanɨľɨ.	See Language page
Western Mono	qama- “to be sick”			inheritance
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay		le-witoy 'ihi				Also lo'n-ek 'sick, death, damage' is used, preceding the agent of the sickness.	See Language page
Wintu	t'aqima:s “painful”			inheritance?
Yabarana		mo'ɾoɲe (pain)					See Language page
Yagua	divajni	diwajni		unique			See Language page
Yaminahua		isini iki					See Language page
Yanomam	hariri, rãamo (EM72)	haɾiɾi, ɾãamo		inheritance; inheritance			See Language page
Yanomami	nini (painful), hariri (sick)	nini (painful), haɾiɾi (sick)		unique; inheritance			See Language page
Yavapai	?chra\/vi “sick”	\/ is breve		inheritance
Yavitero	maʔľ̥ikaľi; kuľusi	maʔľ̥ikaľi; kuľusi					See Language page
Yawuru	binbal	binbal		inheritance
Yine		kapo-haľɨ; poha				To be sick is hahixewna; yayitʸa. Piro-Apuriná form is põhã.	See Language page
Yokuts Palewyami	tE-hit/-nah “I am sick”			inheritance			CHM Berman 2002
Yokuts Yawdanchi	chHUxUchH (verb to be hurt, sick)			inheritance			K07:253, G64
Yokuts Yowlumne	thexth-in “to be sick”			inheritance			Golla 1964:64;
Yuki	Ti:hish (N)	sh as in English		inheritance			S&S84
Yukpa	ensermó, etuch, etuche, etucha, etué, etuncha, itoche, ituche, neispo, uekpo, vainech, vaye, yase						See Language page
Yukuna	kewini	kewini		inheritance			See Language page
Yuma	7achkwara/v “the sick one” HI:26; ac ara/v “to be sick” H6:150			inheritance


Achagua
Aché
Aguaruna
Akawaio
Andoke
Apalai
Araona
Ashuar
Ayoreo
Baniwa
Bankalachi Toloim
Bardi
Barí
Baure
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Bora
Cahuilla
Candoshi-Shapra
Canela
Carijona
Cavineña
Cayuvava
Central Aymara
Central Sierra Miwok
Cha'palaa
Chemehuevi
Chipaya
Chiriguano
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Cruzeno
Chumash Ineseno
Chumash Obispeno
Chumash Ventureno
Chácobo
Cocopa
Comanche
Cubeo
Cupeño
Desano
Djeoromitxi
Dâw
Epena
Ese Ejja
Ese Ejja/Huarayo
Esselen
Eñepa
Gabrielino
Gajirrabeng
Gurindji
Hodï
Huambisa
Hup
Ignaciano
Iipay 'Aa
Ingá
Iquito
Itonama
Jabirr-Jabirr
Jawi
Kaingang
Kakataibo
Kakua
Kariña
Katukina
Kawaiisu
Kija
Kiliwa
Kitanemuk
Kokama
Koreguaje
Lake Miwok
Lengua
Lokono
Luiseño
Maca
Maidu
Maihiki
Makuna
Makushi
Mapoyo
Mapudungun
Matses
Miriwung
Mocoví
Mojave
Mosetén-Chimané
Movima
Muinane
Muisca
Murui Witoto
Mutsun
Nadëb/Roçado dialect
Napo Lowland Quichua
Ngumbarl
Nheengatu
Nimanburru
Ninam
Nisenan
Nivaclé
Northern Emberá
Northern Paiute
Northern Sierra Miwok
Nyikina
Nyulnyul
Ocaina
Paraguayan Guaraní
Paresi
Pemon
Piapoco
Piaroa
Pilagá
Plains Miwok
Puinave
Pumé
Páez
Qawasqar
Quechua Ayacuchano
Resígaro
Salinan A
Salinan M
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet
Sanumá
Selknam
Seri (Comcaac)
Serrano
Shipibo-Konibo
Sikuani
Sirionó
Southern Paiute
Southern Pastaza Quechua
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Ute
Suyá
Sáliva
Tacana
Tanimuca
Tariana
Tehuelche
Tikuna
Tiriyó
Toba
Trinitario
Trumai
Tukano
Tübatulabal
Tümpisa Shoshone
Urarina
Wai Wai
Waimiri Atroari
Walmajarri
Waorani
Wapishana
Wappo
Wari
Washo
Wayampi
Wayana
Wayuu
Western Mono
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay
Wintu
Yabarana
Yagua
Yaminahua
Yanomam
Yanomami
Yavapai
Yavitero
Yawuru
Yine
Yokuts Palewyami
Yokuts Yawdanchi
Yokuts Yowlumne
Yuki
Yukpa
Yukuna
Yuma

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