Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

cold

Semantic Field
quality
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
frío
Meaning Portuguese
frio

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Bankalachi Toloim ŭt-se-ŭt' “cold weather” (teeth closed) 209 inheritance
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone yicyi” inheritance
Cahuilla yuyma inheritance S&H 1979
Central Sierra Miwok Tyn:a- unknown
Chemehuevi sy-ja/7i (V), inheritance
Chumash Barbareno koqton; oxto “person to be cold” inheritance Klar 1977:76
Chumash Cruzeno aq(7)t'a “es frio” inheritance JPH
Chumash Ineseno toxom' inheritance Klar 1977:76
Chumash Obispeno qto, kto “feel cold” inheritance Klar 1977:76
Chumash Ventureno toqom “feel cold” inheritance Klar 1977:76
Cocopa xsu:r “to be” inheritance
Comanche ytsy7ity inheritance
Cupeño yuy [yuy˳] inheritance
Esselen Sutuk(i) unknown T&S 1981:121
Gabrielino $ovo7 inheritance
Iipay 'Aa hechuur [xəˈtʃuˑ˅r] inheritance
Kawaiisu shitu7i-dy inheritance
Kiliwa 7xcha7k inheritance
Kitanemuk shyvyt inheritance
Lake Miwok ti/pmuTi t is interdental inheritance
Luiseño 7i/itaat inheritance Elliott
Maidu du/pe-ti unknown
Mojave hachuur, inheritance
Mutsun tursingka “I am getting cold” inheritance O77:53
Nisenan b2k'2s (object) unknown
Northern Paiute ydzytsy “cold” inheritance Thornes 03:43
Northern Sierra Miwok TuT:uTu- unknown
Plains Miwok tisti- (of a person, add -ku- or -k:u inheritance
Salinan A Tatil (A only); unknown
Salinan M missing missing
Seri (Comcaac) caapl unknown
Serrano ycy inheritance
Southern Paiute -pyra- (with cy-S "to be cold" cy-p:yra- "to be cold"; cy-G inheritance
Southern Sierra Miwok hityHp- (thing, weather) inheritance
Southern Ute spyrai, sypr7a, sYpyvY inheritance
Tübatulabal yytsyy7jyt “be cold” inheritance
Tümpisa Shoshone yitsy7in inheritance
Wappo cHacH cH is on same line (that is, not c hachek) loan
Washo diwy/hli unknown J172
Western Mono y/zy/7y/- “to be cold”; inheritance
Wintu k'ol unknown
Yavapai mu_ni unknown
Yokuts Palewyami T'emi7 (cold weather) unknown JPH Gamble
Yokuts Yawdanchi dOtc “be cold” x inheritance K07:247
Yokuts Yowlumne hosow inheritance Golla 1964 61;
Yuki Ta:m-, Tam- (of person or weather) inheritance S&S1984
Yuma xacu/r “to be cold” H4:20 inheritance
Baniwa hápe hápe inheritance See Language page
Carijona kətʃi inheritance See Language page
Cubeo jʉjʉco (f.), jʉjʉcʉ (m.), jʉjʉrõ (inan.) xɨxɨko (f.), xɨxɨkɨ (m.), xɨxɨɾõ (inan.) inheritance See Language page
Dâw ba’ baʔ inheritance See Language page
Desano yʉsari jɨsari inheritance See Language page
Eñepa t-ɨʔnatə-ke t-ɨʔnatə-ke inheritance See Language page
Hodï kio'li unique See Language page
Waorani yogi unique See Language page
Hup tút, m'ǽ [water] tút, ~b'ǽ [water] inheritance See Language page
Kakua kɨ̂bɨʔ inheritance See Language page
Makushi komiʔ (IDS) komiʔ (IDS) inheritance See Language page
Nheengatu uçanga usaŋga unique See Language page
Ninam wati; watutu, nsai (EM72), sãi (EM72) wati; watutu, nsai, sãi inheritance See Language page
Nukak kɨpɨ2 inheritance See Language page
Maihiki sɨsɨjɨ (to be cold) sɨsɨxɨ̃ inheritance See Language page
Pemon komi, koko (A1981); komiikkeenak (E1980); komik (M2000) komi, koko (A1981); kɔmiʔkenak (E1980) inheritance See Language page
Resígaro hi?píí?, taa hiʔpííʔ, taa inheritance See Language page
Sanumá ɨsɨ holele ɨsɨ holele unique See Language page
Sikuani a-ké: ('tener frío' - 'to be cold', kainéheba 'frío', tɨna 'enfriarse la comida' - 'food gets cold') inheritance See Language page
Tariana hapé-peɾi hapé-peɾi inheritance See Language page
Tukano yʉsʉá (hr) jɨsɨá (hr) inheritance E-W Tuk See Language page
Kotiria yʉsʉri sãana (Waltz) jʉsʉɾi sãana (Waltz) inheritance E-W Tuk See Language page
Yanomam sãi, sãhi, wahati (to feel cold) (EM72) sãi, sãhi, wahati (to feel cold) (EM72) inheritance See Language page
Yanomami si ahi, siãhi (EM72) si ahi, siãhi (EM72) inheritance See Language page
Yukuna ipe'ení ipeʔení inheritance See Language page
Yuhup tǔt tǔt unique See Language page
Arabana madli inheritance
Bardi inkurr inkurr unknown
Bunuba ngirrilya unknown
Burarra -mujarracharra unknown
Dhangu 1969 unknown
Dhuwal 1969
Dhuwala ŋulwitj unknown
Diyari kundukundu unique
DiyariREU madli inheritance
Djambarrpuyngu guyiŋarr
Djapu guyiŋarr unknown
Djinang miṉ unknown
Gajirrabeng warnka inheritance
Gooniyandi maadi unique
Gupapuyngu 1969 unknown
Gurindji makurru loan
Jaru gilygily semantic shift
Jawi ingurr~bindya ingurr~binja unknown
Karajarri jarrjarr unknown
Kija warnka- inheritance
Malyangapa Mal: mantha inheritance?
Mangala piriya unknown
Miriwung wanka inheritance
Mithaka malt[h]i inheritance
Mudburra makurru
Mudburra makurru loan
Ngamini malti inheritance
Ngandi ma-martun inheritance
Ngarluma muthu
Ngumbarl binja, beenja <binja, beenja> inheritance
Nhirrpi pundra loan direction unknown
Nimanburru bindj binj inheritance
Northern Mangarla pirriya
Northern Nyangumarta warrijirri unknown
Nyangumarta warri unknown
Nyikina gamininy XXngl = Yaw. cold weather kamininy unknown
Nyulnyul bindj binj inheritance
Paakantyi bundinyella loan direction unknown
Pirriya yirliya unique
Pitta-Pitta mali inheritance
Rirratjingu ŋulwitj
Ritharrngu 821 loan
Walmajarri makurru inheritance
Wangkayutyuru malhi, mali inheritance
Wubuy mawuraada inheritance
Yan-nhangu 1969
Yandruwandha malthi, pundra, kundrukundru inheritance
Yarluyandi malti inheritance
Yawarrawarrka malti inheritance
Yawuru jarljar; garraly jarljar; karraly unknown
Achagua kasaliniri kasaliniri inheritance See Language page
Piapoco casalíníiri kasalíní:ɾi See Language page
Kabiyari peʔe peʔe See Language page
Yavitero ka'winini ka'winini See Language page
Bare tiwéhẽ tiwéhẽ See Language page
Wapishana wadidi-ʔu wadidi-ʔu inheritance See Language page
Mandawaka iheː-ri iheː-ɾi See Language page
Wayuu samatɨ-sɨ See Language page
Yine kačik-ľe-rɨ *Piro-Apuriná form is *kac̷ĩka-'ri. See Language page
Paresi tiha tiha inheritance See Language page
Ignaciano tikasaraʔi See Language page
Trinitario tsixuʔtsa See Language page
Baure tokonokon tokonokon inheritance See Language page
Waurá ka-tɨka; amɨna ka-tɨka; amɨna inheritance See Language page
Arutani roma, kima ɾoma, kima See Language page
Sape unkoya unkoya See Language page
Cha'palaa 'ʔiša *South Barbacoan form is *ʔišeN. See Language page
Bora tsʰ ïḯ kʰo, táɨ́ʔkʰoó tsʰ ɯɯ́ kʰo, táɨ́ʔkʰoó inheritance See Language page
Muinane sɨɨku sɨɨku See Language page
Akawaio komiikkeenak kɔmiʔkenak inheritance Venezuelan See Language page
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect iʔkɔ iʔkɔ See Language page
Apalai kõxikene kõxikene inheritance See Language page
Wayana ahalamatse, tïme ahalamatse, tɨme doubtful loan, direction unknown mac̷i: Panoan, Wayampi, prob. Wayana, Enlhet See Language page
Tiriyó tɨno:me tɨno:me inheritance See Language page
Makiritare kəmme (IDS); kömme (KH) kəmme inheritance See Language page
Mapoyo i'nëtëke i'nɛtɛke See Language page
Wai Wai t-wot-me t-wot-me inheritance See Language page
Waimiri Atroari tykomia tɨkomja See Language page
Yabarana ánepe See Language page
Yukpa koye kodʒepe See Language page
Kalapalo keűti keűti inheritance See Language page
Muisca zquyensuca tʂkuɨensuka See Language page
Barí tɨɨšini Colombia: šininə. See Language page
Northern Emberá kũrása kũrása See Language page
Epena kʰũra'saa; kʰũ'ra-tɨ Latter is 'cool-inter.change'. To be cold (person) is hi'sua. See Language page
Guayabero bokóela, ('tener frío' - 'to be cold', lɨnk 'hacer frío', tɨl 'enfriarse la comida' - 'food gets cold') unique See Language page
Macaguan akén, pi-akáineje akén, pi-akáinehe inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page
Cuiva á-ke frío, cold Huber & Reed 1992:222
Playero pé-aké-wa (obj frío ' cold obj') See Language page
Cofán cha´ndio tʃaʔndio phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra kachĩzá katʃĩʂá loan Arawak *kačɨnka See Language page
Taushiro ju´unhene xuʔunhene See Language page
Páez finze finze See Language page
Tikuna deɟu unique See Language page
Urarina helaḍzo-to-a helatʃo-to-a unique See Language page
Camsa ʃék-bana ʃék-bana See Language page
Andoke -nosi'ko (to be cold) -nosiʔko (to be cold) unique See Language page
Pumé chjüchjá See Language page
Puinave #NAME? #NAME? unique See Language page
Máku antsu, mihu antsu, mihu See Language page
Ashuar mícha, tsetsék miʧa, tsɯtsɯk See Language page
Huambisa tsetsek tsɨtsɨk See Language page
Aguaruna bichámchatu bitʃámtʃatu inheritance See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect hǝːm inheritance See Language page
Matses dauebud, iquen dauebud, iken unique See Language page
Kakataibo mac̷i; maṣ̌ɨṣ̌ *Panoan *mac̷i. See Language page
Katukina mac̷i See Language page
Pacahuara 'hoʔom See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo serui See Language page
Chácobo mac̷i mac̷i loan, direction unknown mac̷i: Panoan, Wayampi, prob. Wayana, Enlhet See Language page
Yagua canuvu- kanuwũ unique See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua chiri tʃiɾi See Language page
Ingá chiri tʃiri See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua chiri tʃiɾi See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano chiri tʃiɾi See Language page
Piaroa diyawa'a dijawaʔa unknown See Language page
Bará jɨhɨ'a See Language page
Barasano ɨsa- ɨsa- See Language page
Carapana yʉsʉarije, yisiarije jɨsɨaɾixɛ,jisiaɾixɛ See Language page
Makuna ɨsa- ɨsa- inheritance See Language page
Yuruti jɨ́sɨa- jɨ́sɨa- See Language page
Waikhana jɨ'sɨ'aje jɨ'sɨ'aje See Language page
Siriano yʉsá-ri jɨsá-ri See Language page
Tanimuca hi'hia (fem.) hi'hia (fem.) inheritance See Language page
Tatuyo hóo hóo See Language page
Tuyuka yɨsɨ'a jɨsɨʔa See Language page
Waimaja džɨ́hɨ́á dʒɨ́hɨ́á See Language page
Koreguaje sʉsʉche sʉsʉdʒe inheritance See Language page
Siona sɨsɨ sɨsɨ inheritance See Language page
Secoya së'sëji sɨʔsɨhi See Language page
Karitiana keõ´n keõʔn unknown See Language page
Kokama tsɨre (to be cold) tsɨɾe doubtful loan Quechua tʃiri See Language page
Wayampi luwã; -l-ɔʔɨ luwã; -l-ɔʔɨ inheritance See Language page
Aché duɨʔɨ inheritance See Language page
Chiriguano roɨ; rõɨsa inheritance See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní r-oʔɨ; h-o'ʔɨsã See Language page
Sirionó serui (P85); wina-da serui (P85); wina-da inheritance loan into Shipibo-Conibo See Language page
Kamayurá iroˀɨ-tsang (K12) iroˀɨ-tsang (K12) inheritance See Language page
Ocaina dyótu dʲótɯ inheritance See Language page
Nɨpode Witoto ročí-re-de rotʃí-rɛ-dɛ See Language page
Minica Witoto roθí-re-de roθí-rɛ-dɛ See Language page
Murui Witoto roθi-re-de roθi-rɛ-dɛ inheritance See Language page
Iquito sɨm'ɨtina sɨm'ɨtina unknown See Language page
Záparo shinyaka ʃinjaka See Language page
Wari šio; kapinʔ ʃio; kapinʔ Respectively: 'cold object'; 'cold person'. See Language page
Araona aboa See Language page
Ese Ejja -ɓoe; eeno inheritance See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo kia-we, kea-boe (Girard 1971) kia-we, kea-boe See Language page
Tacana atom See Language page
Cavineña ba-da-ke; bane-; ba-da (G71) ba-da-ke; bane-; ba-da (G71) inheritance See Language page
Central Aymara thaya tʰaya; alala See Language page
Cayuvava ǰɨβɨ ~ ǰubu; rɨǰɨβɨ See Language page
Itonama diyaʔtʸa; latʸusna See Language page
Kwazá kaikuja, awy kaikuja, awy See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané he'tis Cf. 'winter' 14.740. See Language page
Movima hilo-ka hilo-ka See Language page
Trumai tsixuʔtsa, anu, toketoke tsixuʔtsa, anu, toketoke unique See Language page
Kaingang kusa kusa See Language page
Suyá krɨt krɨt See Language page
Karajá čutɨtɨ See Language page
Djeoromitxi djidjirü dʒidʒirø See Language page
Chipaya saki; laawš The latter means to feel the cold. See Language page
Mocoví ʔoom See Language page
Pilagá amaɬkawoi See Language page
Toba tummaʔoko; -kosarečo See Language page
Lengua #NAME? Also -mathka-iyi. Also yiam, means 'winter'; cf. 'ice' 01.770. See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité eekey; key; akmaɬkeemoo See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet mac̷i See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay ni-te'čoh See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja yuyi See Language page
Maca eneɬey See Language page
Nivaclé kˀuy-ši; taxun cold https://ids.clld.org/
Ayoreo te'n̥uu-i; te'n̥uu-ŋe Very cold' is a'rere-daate-i; a'rere-daa'te. See Language page
Mapudungun wɨṭ͡ʀe; aṭ͡ʀeɣ; čiθ Ranquel form is uṭ͡ʀe-; aṭ͡ʀew. See Language page
Qawasqar ḳyesas Also kyepc̷es, which also means 'freeze'. Sk, Bo, Be, Gui record kyesas for Central QWS. Fi, SpS record kesas for South QWS. See Language page
Selknam čàrxe See Language page
Tehuelche 'poʔtar-; 'hoš- See 01.720. See Language page
Lokono mimin mimin cold Pet 1987:354
Kariña tyhsanore tɨhsanore cold Yamada 2010:815