cold
- Semantic Field
- quality
- Part of Speech
- Meaning Spanish
- frío
- Meaning Portuguese
- frio
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Languages
| Language | Orthographic Form | Phonemicized Form | Gloss as in Source | Etymology Code | Proto-Form | Proto-Language | Loan Source | Wanderwort Status | Etyma Set | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Source |
|---|
Language | Orthographic Form | Phonemicized Form | Gloss as in Source | Etymology Code | Proto-Form | Proto-Language | Loan Source | Wanderwort Status | Etyma Set | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achagua | kasaliniri | kasaliniri | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Aché | duɨʔɨ | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| Aguaruna | bichámchatu | bitʃámtʃatu | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Akawaio | komiikkeenak | kɔmiʔkenak | inheritance | Venezuelan | See Language page | |||||||
| Akawaio/Ingariko dialect | iʔkɔ | iʔkɔ | See Language page | |||||||||
| Andoke | -nosi'ko (to be cold) | -nosiʔko (to be cold) | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
| Apalai | kõxikene | kõxikene | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Arabana | madli | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Araona | aboa | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Arutani | roma, kima | ɾoma, kima | See Language page | |||||||||
| Ashuar | mícha, tsetsék | miʧa, tsɯtsɯk | See Language page | |||||||||
| Ayoreo | te'n̥uu-i; te'n̥uu-ŋe | Very cold' is a'rere-daate-i; a'rere-daa'te. | See Language page | |||||||||
| Baniwa | hápe | hápe | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Bankalachi Toloim | ŭt-se-ŭt' “cold weather” (teeth closed) 209 | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Barasano | ɨsa- | ɨsa- | See Language page | |||||||||
| Bardi | inkurr | inkurr | unknown | |||||||||
| Bare | tiwéhẽ | tiwéhẽ | See Language page | |||||||||
| Bará | jɨhɨ'a | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Barí | tɨɨšini | Colombia: šininə. | See Language page | |||||||||
| Baure | tokonokon | tokonokon | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Big Smokey Valley Shoshone | yicyi” | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Bora | tsʰ ïḯ kʰo, táɨ́ʔkʰoó | tsʰ ɯɯ́ kʰo, táɨ́ʔkʰoó | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Bunuba | ngirrilya | unknown | ||||||||||
| Burarra | -mujarracharra | unknown | ||||||||||
| Cahuilla | yuyma | inheritance | S&H 1979 | |||||||||
| Camsa | ʃék-bana | ʃék-bana | See Language page | |||||||||
| Candoshi-Shapra | kachĩzá | katʃĩʂá | loan | Arawak *kačɨnka | See Language page | |||||||
| Carapana | yʉsʉarije, yisiarije | jɨsɨaɾixɛ,jisiaɾixɛ | See Language page | |||||||||
| Carijona | kətʃi | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| Cavineña | ba-da-ke; bane-; ba-da (G71) | ba-da-ke; bane-; ba-da (G71) | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Cayuvava | ǰɨβɨ ~ ǰubu; rɨǰɨβɨ | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Central Aymara | thaya | tʰaya; alala | See Language page | |||||||||
| Central Sierra Miwok | Tyn:a- | unknown | ||||||||||
| Cha'palaa | 'ʔiša | *South Barbacoan form is *ʔišeN. | See Language page | |||||||||
| Chemehuevi | sy-ja/7i (V), | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Chipaya | saki; laawš | The latter means to feel the cold. | See Language page | |||||||||
| Chiriguano | roɨ; rõɨsa | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| Chorote, Iyojwa'ja | yuyi | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Chumash Barbareno | koqton; oxto “person to be cold” | inheritance | Klar 1977:76 | |||||||||
| Chumash Cruzeno | aq(7)t'a “es frio” | inheritance | JPH | |||||||||
| Chumash Ineseno | toxom' | inheritance | Klar 1977:76 | |||||||||
| Chumash Obispeno | qto, kto “feel cold” | inheritance | Klar 1977:76 | |||||||||
| Chumash Ventureno | toqom “feel cold” | inheritance | Klar 1977:76 | |||||||||
| Chácobo | mac̷i | mac̷i | loan, direction unknown | mac̷i: Panoan, Wayampi, prob. Wayana, Enlhet | See Language page | |||||||
| Cocopa | xsu:r “to be” | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Cofán | cha´ndio | tʃaʔndio | phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS | See Language page | ||||||||
| Comanche | ytsy7ity | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Cubeo | jʉjʉco (f.), jʉjʉcʉ (m.), jʉjʉrõ (inan.) | xɨxɨko (f.), xɨxɨkɨ (m.), xɨxɨɾõ (inan.) | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Cuiva | á-ke | frío, cold | Huber & Reed 1992:222 | |||||||||
| Cupeño | yuy | [yuy˳] | inheritance | |||||||||
| Desano | yʉsari | jɨsari | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Dhangu | 1969 | unknown | ||||||||||
| Dhuwal | 1969 | |||||||||||
| Dhuwala | ŋulwitj | unknown | ||||||||||
| Diyari | kundukundu | unique | ||||||||||
| DiyariREU | madli | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Djambarrpuyngu | guyiŋarr | |||||||||||
| Djapu | guyiŋarr | unknown | ||||||||||
| Djeoromitxi | djidjirü | dʒidʒirø | See Language page | |||||||||
| Djinang | miṉ | unknown | ||||||||||
| Dâw | ba’ | baʔ | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Epena | kʰũra'saa; kʰũ'ra-tɨ | Latter is 'cool-inter.change'. To be cold (person) is hi'sua. | See Language page | |||||||||
| Ese Ejja | -ɓoe; eeno | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| Ese Ejja/Huarayo | kia-we, kea-boe (Girard 1971) | kia-we, kea-boe | See Language page | |||||||||
| Esselen | Sutuk(i) | unknown | T&S 1981:121 | |||||||||
| Eñepa | t-ɨʔnatə-ke | t-ɨʔnatə-ke | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Gabrielino | $ovo7 | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Gajirrabeng | warnka | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Gooniyandi | maadi | unique | ||||||||||
| Guayabero | bokóela, ('tener frío' - 'to be cold', lɨnk 'hacer frío', tɨl 'enfriarse la comida' - 'food gets cold') | unique | See Language page | |||||||||
| Gupapuyngu | 1969 | unknown | ||||||||||
| Gurindji | makurru | loan | ||||||||||
| Hodï | kio'li | unique | See Language page | |||||||||
| Huambisa | tsetsek | tsɨtsɨk | See Language page | |||||||||
| Hup | tút, m'ǽ [water] | tút, ~b'ǽ [water] | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Ignaciano | tikasaraʔi | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Iipay 'Aa | hechuur | [xəˈtʃuˑ˅r] | inheritance | |||||||||
| Ingá | chiri | tʃiri | See Language page | |||||||||
| Iquito | sɨm'ɨtina | sɨm'ɨtina | unknown | See Language page | ||||||||
| Itonama | diyaʔtʸa; latʸusna | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Jaru | gilygily | semantic shift | ||||||||||
| Jawi | ingurr~bindya | ingurr~binja | unknown | |||||||||
| Kabiyari | peʔe | peʔe | See Language page | |||||||||
| Kaingang | kusa | kusa | See Language page | |||||||||
| Kakataibo | mac̷i; maṣ̌ɨṣ̌ | *Panoan *mac̷i. | See Language page | |||||||||
| Kakua | kɨ̂bɨʔ | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| Kalapalo | keűti | keűti | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Kamayurá | iroˀɨ-tsang (K12) | iroˀɨ-tsang (K12) | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Karajarri | jarrjarr | unknown | ||||||||||
| Karajá | čutɨtɨ | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Kariña | tyhsanore | tɨhsanore | cold | Yamada 2010:815 | ||||||||
| Karitiana | keõ´n | keõʔn | unknown | See Language page | ||||||||
| Katukina | mac̷i | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Kawaiisu | shitu7i-dy | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Kija | warnka- | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Kiliwa | 7xcha7k | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Kitanemuk | shyvyt | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Kokama | tsɨre (to be cold) | tsɨɾe | doubtful loan | Quechua tʃiri | See Language page | |||||||
| Koreguaje | sʉsʉche | sʉsʉdʒe | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Kotiria | yʉsʉri sãana (Waltz) | jʉsʉɾi sãana (Waltz) | inheritance | E-W Tuk | See Language page | |||||||
| Kwazá | kaikuja, awy | kaikuja, awy | See Language page | |||||||||
| Lake Miwok | ti/pmuTi | t is interdental | inheritance | |||||||||
| Lengua | #NAME? | Also -mathka-iyi. Also yiam, means 'winter'; cf. 'ice' 01.770. | See Language page | |||||||||
| Lokono | mimin | mimin | cold | Pet 1987:354 | ||||||||
| Luiseño | 7i/itaat | inheritance | Elliott | |||||||||
| Maca | eneɬey | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Macaguan | akén, pi-akáineje | akén, pi-akáinehe | inheritance | Proto-Guahiban | See Language page | |||||||
| Maidu | du/pe-ti | unknown | ||||||||||
| Maihiki | sɨsɨjɨ (to be cold) | sɨsɨxɨ̃ | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Makiritare | kəmme (IDS); kömme (KH) | kəmme | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Makuna | ɨsa- | ɨsa- | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Makushi | komiʔ (IDS) | komiʔ (IDS) | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Malyangapa | Mal: mantha | inheritance? | ||||||||||
| Mandawaka | iheː-ri | iheː-ɾi | See Language page | |||||||||
| Mangala | piriya | unknown | ||||||||||
| Mapoyo | i'nëtëke | i'nɛtɛke | See Language page | |||||||||
| Mapudungun | wɨṭ͡ʀe; aṭ͡ʀeɣ; čiθ | Ranquel form is uṭ͡ʀe-; aṭ͡ʀew. | See Language page | |||||||||
| Matses | dauebud, iquen | dauebud, iken | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
| Minica Witoto | roθí-re-de | roθí-rɛ-dɛ | See Language page | |||||||||
| Miriwung | wanka | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Mithaka | malt[h]i | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Mocoví | ʔoom | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Mojave | hachuur, | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Mosetén-Chimané | he'tis | Cf. 'winter' 14.740. | See Language page | |||||||||
| Movima | hilo-ka | hilo-ka | See Language page | |||||||||
| Mudburra | makurru | |||||||||||
| Mudburra | makurru | loan | ||||||||||
| Muinane | sɨɨku | sɨɨku | See Language page | |||||||||
| Muisca | zquyensuca | tʂkuɨensuka | See Language page | |||||||||
| Murui Witoto | roθi-re-de | roθi-rɛ-dɛ | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Mutsun | tursingka “I am getting cold” | inheritance | O77:53 | |||||||||
| Máku | antsu, mihu | antsu, mihu | See Language page | |||||||||
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect | hǝːm | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| Napo Lowland Quichua | chiri | tʃiɾi | See Language page | |||||||||
| Ngamini | malti | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Ngandi | ma-martun | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Ngarluma | muthu | |||||||||||
| Ngumbarl | binja, beenja | <binja, beenja> | inheritance | |||||||||
| Nheengatu | uçanga | usaŋga | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
| Nhirrpi | pundra | loan direction unknown | ||||||||||
| Nimanburru | bindj | binj | inheritance | |||||||||
| Ninam | wati; watutu, nsai (EM72), sãi (EM72) | wati; watutu, nsai, sãi | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Nisenan | b2k'2s (object) | unknown | ||||||||||
| Nivaclé | kˀuy-ši; taxun | cold | https://ids.clld.org/ | |||||||||
| Northern Emberá | kũrása | kũrása | See Language page | |||||||||
| Northern Mangarla | pirriya | |||||||||||
| Northern Nyangumarta | warrijirri | unknown | ||||||||||
| Northern Paiute | ydzytsy “cold” | inheritance | Thornes 03:43 | |||||||||
| Northern Sierra Miwok | TuT:uTu- | unknown | ||||||||||
| Nukak | kɨpɨ2 | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| Nyangumarta | warri | unknown | ||||||||||
| Nyikina | gamininy XXngl = Yaw. cold weather | kamininy | unknown | |||||||||
| Nyulnyul | bindj | binj | inheritance | |||||||||
| Nɨpode Witoto | ročí-re-de | rotʃí-rɛ-dɛ | See Language page | |||||||||
| Ocaina | dyótu | dʲótɯ | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Paakantyi | bundinyella | loan direction unknown | ||||||||||
| Pacahuara | 'hoʔom | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Paraguayan Guaraní | r-oʔɨ; h-o'ʔɨsã | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Paresi | tiha | tiha | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Pemon | komi, koko (A1981); komiikkeenak (E1980); komik (M2000) | komi, koko (A1981); kɔmiʔkenak (E1980) | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Piapoco | casalíníiri | kasalíní:ɾi | See Language page | |||||||||
| Piaroa | diyawa'a | dijawaʔa | unknown | See Language page | ||||||||
| Pilagá | amaɬkawoi | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Pirriya | yirliya | unique | ||||||||||
| Pitta-Pitta | mali | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Plains Miwok | tisti- (of a person, add -ku- or -k:u | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Playero | pé-aké-wa (obj frío ' cold obj') | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Puinave | #NAME? | #NAME? | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
| Pumé | chjüchjá | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Páez | finze | finze | See Language page | |||||||||
| Qawasqar | ḳyesas | Also kyepc̷es, which also means 'freeze'. Sk, Bo, Be, Gui record kyesas for Central QWS. Fi, SpS record kesas for South QWS. | See Language page | |||||||||
| Quechua Ayacuchano | chiri | tʃiɾi | See Language page | |||||||||
| Resígaro | hi?píí?, taa | hiʔpííʔ, taa | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Rirratjingu | ŋulwitj | |||||||||||
| Ritharrngu | 821 | loan | ||||||||||
| Salinan A | Tatil (A only); | unknown | ||||||||||
| Salinan M | missing | missing | ||||||||||
| Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité | eekey; key; akmaɬkeemoo | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet | mac̷i | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Sanumá | ɨsɨ holele | ɨsɨ holele | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
| Sape | unkoya | unkoya | See Language page | |||||||||
| Secoya | së'sëji | sɨʔsɨhi | See Language page | |||||||||
| Selknam | čàrxe | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Seri (Comcaac) | caapl | unknown | ||||||||||
| Serrano | ycy | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Shipibo-Konibo | serui | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Sikuani | a-ké: ('tener frío' - 'to be cold', kainéheba 'frío', tɨna 'enfriarse la comida' - 'food gets cold') | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| Siona | sɨsɨ | sɨsɨ | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Siriano | yʉsá-ri | jɨsá-ri | See Language page | |||||||||
| Sirionó | serui (P85); wina-da | serui (P85); wina-da | inheritance | loan into Shipibo-Conibo | See Language page | |||||||
| Southern Paiute | -pyra- (with cy-S "to be cold" cy-p:yra- "to be cold"; cy-G | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Southern Pastaza Quechua | chiri | tʃiɾi | See Language page | |||||||||
| Southern Sierra Miwok | hityHp- (thing, weather) | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Southern Ute | spyrai, sypr7a, sYpyvY | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Suyá | krɨt | krɨt | See Language page | |||||||||
| Tacana | atom | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Tanimuca | hi'hia (fem.) | hi'hia (fem.) | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Tariana | hapé-peɾi | hapé-peɾi | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Tatuyo | hóo | hóo | See Language page | |||||||||
| Taushiro | ju´unhene | xuʔunhene | See Language page | |||||||||
| Tehuelche | 'poʔtar-; 'hoš- | See 01.720. | See Language page | |||||||||
| Tikuna | deɟu | unique | See Language page | |||||||||
| Tiriyó | tɨno:me | tɨno:me | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Toba | tummaʔoko; -kosarečo | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Trinitario | tsixuʔtsa | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Trumai | tsixuʔtsa, anu, toketoke | tsixuʔtsa, anu, toketoke | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
| Tukano | yʉsʉá (hr) | jɨsɨá (hr) | inheritance | E-W Tuk | See Language page | |||||||
| Tuyuka | yɨsɨ'a | jɨsɨʔa | See Language page | |||||||||
| Tübatulabal | yytsyy7jyt “be cold” | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Tümpisa Shoshone | yitsy7in | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Urarina | helaḍzo-to-a | helatʃo-to-a | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
| Wai Wai | t-wot-me | t-wot-me | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Waikhana | jɨ'sɨ'aje | jɨ'sɨ'aje | See Language page | |||||||||
| Waimaja | džɨ́hɨ́á | dʒɨ́hɨ́á | See Language page | |||||||||
| Waimiri Atroari | tykomia | tɨkomja | See Language page | |||||||||
| Walmajarri | makurru | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Wangkayutyuru | malhi, mali | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Waorani | yogi | unique | See Language page | |||||||||
| Wapishana | wadidi-ʔu | wadidi-ʔu | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Wappo | cHacH | cH is on same line (that is, not c hachek) | loan | |||||||||
| Wari | šio; kapinʔ | ʃio; kapinʔ | Respectively: 'cold object'; 'cold person'. | See Language page | ||||||||
| Washo | diwy/hli | unknown | J172 | |||||||||
| Waurá | ka-tɨka; amɨna | ka-tɨka; amɨna | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Wayampi | luwã; -l-ɔʔɨ | luwã; -l-ɔʔɨ | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Wayana | ahalamatse, tïme | ahalamatse, tɨme | doubtful loan, direction unknown | mac̷i: Panoan, Wayampi, prob. Wayana, Enlhet | See Language page | |||||||
| Wayuu | samatɨ-sɨ | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Western Mono | y/zy/7y/- “to be cold”; | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay | ni-te'čoh | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Wintu | k'ol | unknown | ||||||||||
| Wubuy | mawuraada | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Yabarana | ánepe | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Yagua | canuvu- | kanuwũ | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
| Yan-nhangu | 1969 | |||||||||||
| Yandruwandha | malthi, pundra, kundrukundru | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Yanomam | sãi, sãhi, wahati (to feel cold) (EM72) | sãi, sãhi, wahati (to feel cold) (EM72) | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Yanomami | si ahi, siãhi (EM72) | si ahi, siãhi (EM72) | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Yarluyandi | malti | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Yavapai | mu_ni | unknown | ||||||||||
| Yavitero | ka'winini | ka'winini | See Language page | |||||||||
| Yawarrawarrka | malti | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Yawuru | jarljar; garraly | jarljar; karraly | unknown | |||||||||
| Yine | kačik-ľe-rɨ | *Piro-Apuriná form is *kac̷ĩka-'ri. | See Language page | |||||||||
| Yokuts Palewyami | T'emi7 (cold weather) | unknown | JPH Gamble | |||||||||
| Yokuts Yawdanchi | dOtc “be cold” | x | inheritance | K07:247 | ||||||||
| Yokuts Yowlumne | hosow | inheritance | Golla 1964 61; | |||||||||
| Yuhup | tǔt | tǔt | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
| Yuki | Ta:m-, Tam- (of person or weather) | inheritance | S&S1984 | |||||||||
| Yukpa | koye | kodʒepe | See Language page | |||||||||
| Yukuna | ipe'ení | ipeʔení | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Yuma | xacu/r “to be cold” H4:20 | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Yuruti | jɨ́sɨa- | jɨ́sɨa- | See Language page | |||||||||
| Záparo | shinyaka | ʃinjaka | See Language page |
| Language |
|---|
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