Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

dream

Semantic Field: mental
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: soñar
Meaning Portuguese: sonhar

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Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Loan Source	General Notes	Source
Achagua	dáhuneriu	dáhuneriu		inheritance			See Language page
Aché		ikẽ pou		inheritance			See Language page
Aguaruna	kajamát	kaxamat		inheritance			See Language page
Akawaio	enekpöknö	ɛ'nɛʔpöknö		inheritance	Akawaio-Pemon		See Language page
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect	ɛʔnepɯ:rɤ	ɛʔnepɯ:rɤ					See Language page
Andoke	-kə̃́é (to dream)	-kə̃́é (to dream)		unique			See Language page
Apalai	osenehnõko	osenehnõko		inheritance			See Language page
Arabana	apalka			loan direction unknown
Araona		tawi-ba				Lit. 'sleep-see'. 04.610.	See Language page
Ashuar	karámratin	karamratin					See Language page
Ayoreo		ĩĩ'karã					See Language page
Baniwa	tápoɺi	tápoɺi		inheritance			See Language page
Bardi	buwarra	buwarra		inheritance
Barí		borog'barina					See Language page
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone	na-puisaih, na-pusaih			inheritance
Bora	tuwa (T98)	tʰukʷa		inheritance			See Language page
Bunuba	yajili-			inheritance
Burarra	borrcheka			unknown
Cahuilla	-tet'ayaw-			inheritance			S&H 1979
Candoshi-Shapra	pashábamaama; pamázómaama (~ of bad fortune)	paʃámpamaama; pamáʂómaama		unique			See Language page
Canela		-kʰrẽ; kʰuu; kukʰu-; pa-				Jê forms are krẽ; krẽr; and ku; *kur.	See Language page
Carapana	qũẽguerique	kẽgweɾike					See Language page
Carijona	esenetɨ (SM)			inheritance			See Language page
Cavineña	tawi-ho-ya; tawi-ho- (G71) (tawa means "sleep")	tawi-ho-ya		inheritance			See Language page
Cayuvava		bete; beβeta					See Language page
Central Aymara	samkaña	iki					See Language page
Central Sierra Miwok	7ukchu-			inheritance
Cha'palaa		'ki'pi-nu					See Language page
Chemehuevi	nono/siga7i JPH			inheritance
Chipaya		wiy-a				Cf. 'night' 14.420.	See Language page
Chiriguano		-payu; -pau		inheritance			See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja		-fʷexlyen ~ -fʷixlyen					See Language page
Chumash Barbareno	7atishwich			inheritance			Ono 1996:25
Chumash Ineseno	aqsh'u-ni-wil-pi “to dream of”			unknown			A 324
Chumash Ventureno	7atyshwych			unknown			JPH
Chácobo	nama-	nama-		inheritance			See Language page
Cocopa	shma:p, shcmas (dpl)			inheritance
Cofán	jeñe	hɛɲɛ				phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS	See Language page
Comanche	nabUsi7aipY, nabUsi7aitY			inheritance
Cubeo	ñáñʉ; to dream of: decoboayʉ, ñóvañʉ	jã́jɨ; dekoboajɨ, jóvajɨ		unique			See Language page
Cupeño	tu'uyu-0	[tuɁuyu]		unknown
Desano	quẽ́-ri	kẽ́-ɾi		inheritance			See Language page
Dhangu	[missing]			missing
Dhuwal	bukaway
Dhuwala	bukaway			inheritance
Diyari	ngapitya			inheritance
DiyariREU	ngapitji			inheritance
Djambarrpuyngu	bukaway
Djapu	bukaway			unknown
Djeoromitxi	nõtenõ	nõtenõ					See Language page
Djinang	mabugi			loan	non-Pama-Nyungan
Dâw	xuúp [xuúp-nĩì ‘ter sonho]	xǔp		unique			See Language page
Epena		kʰãi-mokʰaraa-					See Language page
Ese Ejja		xa-kawi-ɓaki-nahe		inheritance			See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo	e-kawi	e-kawi					See Language page
Eñepa	-učepətɨ-n (IDS)	-utʃepətɨ-n (IDS)		inheritance			See Language page
Gabrielino	ah-hoov/war-ra--ro-'t / ahu/vwarerot/			inheritance
Gajirrabeng	gooning			inheritance
Gooniyandi	gooni-			loan
Gupapuyngu	bukaway			unknown
Gurindji	kuni ma-			loan	Miriwung
Hodï		abu'ẽ		unique			See Language page
Huambisa	karamratsa	karamratsa					See Language page
Hup	cɔ̃hni-	~cɔhdi-		inheritance			See Language page
Ignaciano		#NAME?				Also ičapu; -hemereʔauki; tawaraʔa -'imaka.	See Language page
Iipay 'Aa	hemach	[xəˈmaʧ]		inheritance
Ingá	muskui	muskui					See Language page
Iquito	maquɨɨni (same as sleep)	makɨɨni (same as sleep)		inheritance			See Language page
Itonama		metˀaʔčaʔke					See Language page
Jabirr-Jabirr	ma-bu""garen	ma-buukarren		doubtful loan into protolanguage
Jaru	guni			loan
Kabiyari	tápu-ri	tápu-ri					See Language page
Kaingang	jãti, jãgti	yãti; yãŋti; peti; piŋti					See Language page
Kakataibo		na'ma-ti				kamɨ-ti, ka'mɨ-ti (dial.) 'to dream that others are dead'. Panoan nama-.	See Language page
Kakua		ʔǔʔ		unknown			See Language page
Kalapalo	eni-; (n)Gitu-	eni-; (n)Gitu-		inheritance			See Language page
Karajarri	pukarri manpa (1)			doubtful loan into protolanguage
Kariña	(w)onety	(w)onetɨ	dream				Courtz 2007:429
Karitiana	kaaj	kaaj		unknown			See Language page
Katukina		nama-					See Language page
Kawaiisu	no-noshi-			inheritance
Kija	kuni			inheritance
Kiliwa	t-7-smaa			inheritance
Kitanemuk	kwahkwachamuk; cf. kum			inheritance
Kokama	ukɨrɨaytsi	ukɨrɨajtsi		inheritance			See Language page
Koreguaje	ʉo kãni ñamʉ	ʉo kãni ɲamʉ		inheritance			See Language page
Kotiria	~kha'a	kʰãʔã		inheritance	E Tuk		See Language page
Kwazá	wãwãwỹ-	wãwãwỹ-					See Language page
Lake Miwok	7u/kuc			inheritance
Lengua		#NAME?					See Language page
Lokono	tybontoan	tɨbontoan	dream				Pet 1987:356
Luiseño	puti7- “dream of, dream about”			inheritance
Maca		-c̷owoɬʔaχ					See Language page
Maidu	nedi/			inheritance
Maihiki	ua buo caiyi	ua buo kãĩji		inheritance			See Language page
Makiritare	wənētɨnə (IDS)	wənētɨnə (IDS)		inheritance			See Language page
Makuna	cãi-re	kãi-ɾe		inheritance			See Language page
Makushi	eʔmoronoʔpe (IDS)	eʔmoronoʔpe (IDS)		inheritance			See Language page
Malyangapa	[missing]			missing
Mangala	pukarri-manarri (1)
Mapoyo	wëturi	wɛturi					See Language page
Mapudungun		pewma				Same in Ranquel.	See Language page
Matses	is	is		unknown			See Language page
Miriwung	gooning			inheritance
Mithaka	[missing]			missing
Mocoví		re-ʔgemata					See Language page
Mojave	sumaa=			loan
Mosetén-Chimané		tami'ñi					See Language page
Movima	ɓeisi-kʷa	ɓeisi-kʷa					See Language page
Mudburra	kurni
Mudburra	bankaja			unique
Muinane	tɨ́gahi (v.)	tɨ́gaʔi (v.)					See Language page
Muisca	muysua	muɨsua					See Language page
Murui Witoto	nɨcaɨ́rite	nɯkaɯ́ritɛ (B83)		inheritance			See Language page
Mutsun	7istu-n-			inheritance			O77:214
Nadëb/Roçado dialect		ʃǝ:h, ʃǝ̱:h, bɔ:n, bɔn		unknown			See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua	nuspana	nuspana					See Language page
Ngamini	ngapitya			inheritance
Ngandi	X			missing
Ngarluma	pukarrija-lku
Ngumbarl	boogarree	<boogarree>		loan into protolanguage	Pama-Nyungan
Nheengatu	kérpi	keɾpi		inheritance			See Language page
Nhirrpi	[missing]			missing
Nimanburru	ma-bu""garen	ma-buukarren		doubtful loan into protolanguage
Ninam	mari (EM72)	maɾi		inheritance			See Language page
Nisenan	nedi:			inheritance
Nivaclé		-nxuxɔm	dream				https://ids.clld.org/
Northern Emberá	kãaímokarái	kãaímokarái					See Language page
Northern Mangarla	[missing]			missing
Northern Nyangumarta	pitany yana- (V5)			unknown
Northern Paiute	nossi			inheritance			Thornes 03:128
Northern Sierra Miwok	7ukcu-			inheritance
Nyangumarta	pitany yana- (V5)			inheritance
Nyikina	ma-bu""garen	ma-buukarren		doubtful loan into protolanguage
Nyulnyul	ma-bu""garen	ma-buukarren		doubtful loan into protolanguage
Ocaina	nohxáállo	noʔxáádʒo		inheritance			See Language page
Paakantyi	guṉa-
Paraguayan Guaraní		'kerasɨ; ke					See Language page
Paresi	kaijihini (v.); inijihini (n.)	kaitʃihini (v.); initʃihini (n.)		unknown			See Language page
Pemon	wenepueti, wenepue ena (A1981)	wenepueti, wenepue ena (A1981)		inheritance			See Language page
Piapoco	núamacanica	núamakanika					See Language page
Piaroa	kohtɨ'kuéhɨh	kohtɨɁkuéhɨh		unknown			See Language page
Pilagá		di-čoʁon				Lit. '3pa-dream'.	See Language page
Pirriya	[missing]			missing
Pitta-Pitta	[missing]			missing
Plains Miwok	7ek:uc			inheritance
Puinave	[-yək-ɨi dik]	jək-ɨi dik		unique			See Language page
Pumé	kʰanẽ-hʊ						See Language page
Páez	xsau, iquixsau	ʃau, ikiʃau					See Language page
Qawasqar		aseḳsor					See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano	mosqoy	mosqoj					See Language page
Rirratjingu	[missing]			missing
Ritharrngu	bukaway			inheritance
Salinan A	*(p)itca:lta/naxo (S) “dream”;			unknown			Turner 1980:72
Salinan M	missing			missing
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité		akwanmonkoma				Also alaɬkima; akwanmiskama.	See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet		seŋwanmeeskama					See Language page
Sanumá	mani (EM72)	mani		inheritance			See Language page
Selknam		ṣ-kˀohr					See Language page
Seri (Comcaac)	como/ozi			unknown
Serrano	kwahcymy7-q			inheritance
Shipibo-Konibo		nama-ti; oṣ̌a					See Language page
Sikuani	kamajita (2), kamajitsinae (13) (to intentionally dream)			unknown			See Language page
Siona	suñaji	suɲahi		loan	Spanish		See Language page
Sirionó	eke; ekerei̯kʷã ~ ekerai̯kʷã	eke; ekerei̯kʷã ~ ekerai̯kʷã		inheritance			See Language page
Southern Paiute	non:oc:i-S			inheritance
Southern Pastaza Quechua	muscuna	muskuna					See Language page
Southern Sierra Miwok	7ukuHc-ngHe-			inheritance
Southern Ute	no”no”si			inheritance
Sáliva	sõdena ahajaha	sõdena aʔahaʔa		unknown			See Language page
Tacana		tawi					See Language page
Tanimuca	kãrũ'rũ 'rĩ ri'ka	kãrũ'rũ 'rĩ ri'ka		inheritance			See Language page
Tariana	tapú, tapulisá	tapú, tapulisá		inheritance			See Language page
Tehuelche		k 'yōm-				'Soñar; ser tonto; bobo'.	See Language page
Tikuna	ia-tá (Alv44)	iaʔtá		unique			See Language page
Tiriyó	ëtamorehtë	ǝtamorehtǝ		inheritance			See Language page
Toba		de-čoʁon					See Language page
Trinitario		-wop'rereʔi					See Language page
Tübatulabal	untumuuka-t
Tümpisa Shoshone	napusawih, nopusawih			inheritance
Urarina	kuseni	kuseni		unique			See Language page
Wai Wai	o-woso-to wenwo	o-woso-to wenwo		inheritance			See Language page
Waimiri Atroari	-inin-	-inin-					See Language page
Walmajarri	winkirrma-			inheritance
Wangkayutyuru	pukuna			unique
Waorani	wĩĩ-bõ			unique			See Language page
Wapishana	kʰa-ẓanˀdaʔautʰ-ĩĩa-n	kʰa-ẓanˀdaʔautʰ-ĩĩa-n		unknown			See Language page
Wappo	hincho/hme7 “sleep-go”			inheritance
Wari	tohein' (E&K97)	toheinʔ (E&K97)					See Language page
Warrwa	-warri-	-warri-		inheritance
Washo	sush			unknown			K297
Waurá	k-isẽpũ	k-isẽpũ		inheritance			See Language page
Wayampi	#NAME?	#NAME?		inheritance			See Language page
Wayana	ëhëtihe	ǝhǝtihe		inheritance			See Language page
Wayuu		ľapɨ					See Language page
Western Mono	nosidabi-			inheritance
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay		tahʷi'ɬan				Verbal form. Noun is -hʷi'ɬek.	See Language page
Wintu	yecew			inheritance
Wubuy	ambarj AnaWu			unknown
Yagua	maryisa	ma:rji:sa		unique			See Language page
Yaminahua		nama-kĩ					See Language page
Yan-nhangu	bukaway'yun			inheritance
Yandruwandha	pukuru			inheritance
Yanomam	mahari	mahaɾi		inheritance			See Language page
Yanomami	maharimou	mahaɾimou		inheritance			See Language page
Yarluyandi	pukuru-ngana-			inheritance
Yavapai	tsma_:chi			inheritance
Yavitero	tahuni	tahuni					See Language page
Yawarrawarrka	dankura			unknown
Yawuru	ma-bu""garen	ma-buukarren		doubtful loan into protolanguage
Yine		hipnawata					See Language page
Yokuts Palewyami	an-nat/-wel-ti/ “a dream”			loan into protolanguage			CHM Berman 2002
Yokuts Yawdanchi	angatc-wat < “sleep”??			loan into protolanguage			K07:237
Yokuts Yowlumne	anaTH-wal			loan into protolanguage			Golla 1964:61
Yuki	7inam-			inheritance			S&S1984
Yukpa	nosekatma, ojékatmapo, okáperta, okáperat, tükremá, vüsempe, yübosetpe						See Language page
Yukuna	tapú	tapú		inheritance			See Language page
Yuma	shama:/k “he dreams” H1:31; shatu:ma/cvek “they dream” H1:31			inheritance
Záparo	mak+hawnu	makɨhawnu					See Language page


Achagua
Aché
Aguaruna
Akawaio
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect
Andoke
Apalai
Arabana
Araona
Ashuar
Ayoreo
Baniwa
Bardi
Barí
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Bora
Bunuba
Burarra
Cahuilla
Candoshi-Shapra
Canela
Carapana
Carijona
Cavineña
Cayuvava
Central Aymara
Central Sierra Miwok
Cha'palaa
Chemehuevi
Chipaya
Chiriguano
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Ineseno
Chumash Ventureno
Chácobo
Cocopa
Cofán
Comanche
Cubeo
Cupeño
Desano
Dhangu
Dhuwal
Dhuwala
Diyari
DiyariREU
Djambarrpuyngu
Djapu
Djeoromitxi
Djinang
Dâw
Epena
Ese Ejja
Ese Ejja/Huarayo
Eñepa
Gabrielino
Gajirrabeng
Gooniyandi
Gupapuyngu
Gurindji
Hodï
Huambisa
Hup
Ignaciano
Iipay 'Aa
Ingá
Iquito
Itonama
Jabirr-Jabirr
Jaru
Kabiyari
Kaingang
Kakataibo
Kakua
Kalapalo
Karajarri
Kariña
Karitiana
Katukina
Kawaiisu
Kija
Kiliwa
Kitanemuk
Kokama
Koreguaje
Kotiria
Kwazá
Lake Miwok
Lengua
Lokono
Luiseño
Maca
Maidu
Maihiki
Makiritare
Makuna
Makushi
Malyangapa
Mangala
Mapoyo
Mapudungun
Matses
Miriwung
Mithaka
Mocoví
Mojave
Mosetén-Chimané
Movima
Mudburra
Mudburra
Muinane
Muisca
Murui Witoto
Mutsun
Nadëb/Roçado dialect
Napo Lowland Quichua
Ngamini
Ngandi
Ngarluma
Ngumbarl
Nheengatu
Nhirrpi
Nimanburru
Ninam
Nisenan
Nivaclé
Northern Emberá
Northern Mangarla
Northern Nyangumarta
Northern Paiute
Northern Sierra Miwok
Nyangumarta
Nyikina
Nyulnyul
Ocaina
Paakantyi
Paraguayan Guaraní
Paresi
Pemon
Piapoco
Piaroa
Pilagá
Pirriya
Pitta-Pitta
Plains Miwok
Puinave
Pumé
Páez
Qawasqar
Quechua Ayacuchano
Rirratjingu
Ritharrngu
Salinan A
Salinan M
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet
Sanumá
Selknam
Seri (Comcaac)
Serrano
Shipibo-Konibo
Sikuani
Siona
Sirionó
Southern Paiute
Southern Pastaza Quechua
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Ute
Sáliva
Tacana
Tanimuca
Tariana
Tehuelche
Tikuna
Tiriyó
Toba
Trinitario
Tübatulabal
Tümpisa Shoshone
Urarina
Wai Wai
Waimiri Atroari
Walmajarri
Wangkayutyuru
Waorani
Wapishana
Wappo
Wari
Warrwa
Washo
Waurá
Wayampi
Wayana
Wayuu
Western Mono
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay
Wintu
Wubuy
Yagua
Yaminahua
Yan-nhangu
Yandruwandha
Yanomam
Yanomami
Yarluyandi
Yavapai
Yavitero
Yawarrawarrka
Yawuru
Yine
Yokuts Palewyami
Yokuts Yawdanchi
Yokuts Yowlumne
Yuki
Yukpa
Yukuna
Yuma
Záparo

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