Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

that

Semantic Field
grammar
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
ese/esa
Meaning Portuguese
esse

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone ma- “non-specific demonstrative” inheritance
Cahuilla pe' inheritance S 1977
Central Sierra Miwok no- inheritance
Chemehuevi ma- inheritance
Chumash Barbareno ho7, hu, kam unknown Klar 1977;44
Chumash Cruzeno tu7wi “ese, aquel” unknown JPH
Chumash Ineseno ko, k7a; hek'i unknown A7
Chumash Obispeno pa, paksa, jaksha “aquel” pa is “ese” unknown Klar 1977:44
Chumash Ventureno hohit; lesi “aquella” JPH 3(69) 0017R, kaki se7e “esa agua” 0018L unknown B67:24
Cocopa pu:, pu:c, pu:ny, 7upu:/, inheritance
Comanche ma- inheritance
Cupeño 'axwe-sh [Ɂəˈxʷə˃ʃ] unknown
Esselen aka- unknown Henshaw in Shaul 1995:211
Gabrielino pema:7, pe7e: loan
Iipay 'Aa puu [puˑ˅] unknown
Kawaiisu sa-a-na unknown
Kiliwa paa “ese” unknown
Kitanemuk 7ama7 (distal) inheritance
Lake Miwok ma/a inheritance
Luiseño 7o:no unknown Elliott
Maidu my:- inheritance
Mojave nyah, nyany, nyav inheritance
Mutsun tina: 189 inheritance O77:189
Nisenan my:, inheritance
Northern Paiute ma-su inheritance SAA 1982:42
Northern Sierra Miwok no:- inheritance
Plains Miwok no:-, inheritance
Salinan A pe (A), unknown
Salinan M he unknown Mason 1918:151
Seri (Comcaac) ticah unknown
Serrano ama-7 that, the one, he, she, it inheritance
Southern Paiute ma- (vis.) inheritance
Southern Sierra Miwok 7i- inheritance
Southern Ute ma, marY inheritance
Tübatulabal wa7 inheritance
Tümpisa Shoshone (s)a-, inheritance
Wappo ce/7 inheritance
Washo ha:di7 “that one” 227; 371 unknown J227,371
Western Mono mahu “that one” inheritance
Wintu pibeh inheritance
Yavapai nyu/ch inheritance
Yokuts Palewyami ta7 inheritance JPH Gamble 91
Yokuts Yawdanchi ta- 260 (general, invisible); inheritance K07:260
Yokuts Yowlumne Tha: inheritance Golla 1964:65
Yuki ki-, ki(7), ki:, kih inheritance S&S 1984
Yuma nya: H3:211 inheritance
Baniwa lhíerahã ɺhíeɻahã inheritance See Language page
Carijona mǝki, mǝrǝ (M2000) inheritance See Language page
Cubeo ãðo (fem.), ãñʉ (masc.) ãðo (fem.), ãɲɨ (masc.) unique See Language page
Dâw náʔ; ʔáʔ, ʔa unknown See Language page
Desano si-'rú si-'rú inheritance See Language page
Eñepa ëmë, ëmëkon (plural) (MM) ëmë, ëmëkon (plural) (MM) unknown See Language page
Hodï dibo/baehteu unique See Language page
Waorani bãdĩĩ unique See Language page
Hup n'íp, yúp ~d'íp, júp inheritance See Language page
Kakua kun inheritance See Language page
Nheengatu kuá, yã'ã kuá, yãʔã inheritance cf. Máku kua See Language page
Ninam amih, ɨ̃hɨ (both EM72) amih, ɨ̃hɨ (both EM72) inheritance See Language page
Nukak kan4 inheritance See Language page
Maihiki ca, quede kã, kede inheritance See Language page
Pemon mörö (E1980); mö'rö (M2000) mörö (E1980) inheritance See Language page
Resígaro aí aí unknown possibly Span loan See Language page
Sanumá mi, ki (both EM72) mi, ki (both EM72) inheritance See Language page
Sikuani báhara-xua 'that thing' inheritance See Language page
Tariana hane (distal) hane (distal) unique See Language page
Tukano sí sí inheritance E Tuk See Language page
Kotiria ti ti inheritance E Tuk See Language page
Yanomam mihi, kihi (both EM72) mihi, kihi (both EM72) inheritance See Language page
Yanomami ei, hei (MM07), mihi, kihi (both EM72) ei, hei (MM07), mihi, kihi (both EM72) inheritance See Language page
Yukuna marí maɾí unique See Language page
Yuhup n'í ~d'í inheritance See Language page
Arabana awarda unique
Bardi ginjin_g kinyingk inheritance
Bunuba ngurru inheritance
Burarra garda unknown
Dhangu banha unknown
Dhuwal ngunhi ~ ngunha inheritance
Dhuwala ŋunhi inheritance
Diyari jeniaudla unique
DiyariREU [missing] missing
Djambarrpuyngu ŋunhi ~ ŋunha
Djapu ŋunhi inheritance
Djinang ngunangi unknown
Gajirrabeng nganja inheritance
Gooniyandi ngoorroo inheritance
Gupapuyngu ŋunhi inheritance
Gurindji nyila inheritance
Jaru nyila inheritance
Karajarri pala inheritance
Kija ngurru- inheritance
Malyangapa [missing] missing
Mangala yalartu inheritance
Miriwung nganjang inheritance
Mithaka nakiti inheritance
Mudburra yali
Mudburra yali inheritance
Ngamini nanriya unique
Ngandi na' unique
Ngarluma ngunthal unique
Ngumbarl nyamba, kamba, ginya <nyamba, kamba, ginya> inheritance
Nhirrpi nhunu inheritance
Nimanburru bën bën inheritance
Northern Mangarla [missing] missing
Northern Nyangumarta nyarralanga
Nyangumarta pala inheritance
Nyikina kamirri kamirri inheritance
Nyulnyul ginyingk, bin kinyingk, bin inheritance
Paakantyi yuna unique
Pirriya [missing] missing
Pitta-Pitta [missing] missing
Rirratjingu dhuwan
Ritharrngu nguki inheritance
Unggumi yuno:, nyuno: yuno:, nyuno: loan Nyulnyulan
Walmajarri yala inheritance
Wangkayutyuru [missing] missing
Warrwa n kinya inheritance
Wubuy yuwa: unique
Yan-nhangu balam unknown
Yandruwandha nhutjadu, nhunudu, nhuludu, intjadu, unique
Yarluyandi nhaka inheritance
Yawarrawarrka nukuka inheritance
Yawuru kamba kamba inheritance
Achagua liára liára inheritance See Language page
Piapoco yáara já:ɾa See Language page
Kabiyari ja-ta, ja-ra ja-ta, ja-ra See Language page
Yavitero íya íja See Language page
Bare asa asa See Language page
Wapishana ɖiwɨɽaː unique See Language page
Paresi hatyo hatyo unknown See Language page
Baure ten (m); tin (f) ten (m); tin (f) unique See Language page
Arutani ayta ayta See Language page
Sape tɨisami tɨisami See Language page
Bora (tʰ)-eé-ne, (tʰ)-eé-xa, (tʰ)-eé-kʷa, tiípʸe, áánïḯ (tʰ)-ɛέ-nɛ, (tʰ)-ɛέ-xa, (tʰ)-ɛέ-kʷa, tiípʲɛ, áánɯɯ́ unique See Language page
Muinane xóʔono xóʔono See Language page
Akawaio mörö mörö inheritance Proto-Carib See Language page
Apalai mose mose inheritance See Language page
Wayana mëlë mǝlǝ inheritance See Language page
Tiriyó nërë (animate anaphoric non-collective nǝrǝ inheritance See Language page
Mapoyo mëkï (animate); mërï (inaminate) mɛkʊ (animate); mɛrʊ (inaminate) See Language page
Waimiri Atroari mo'o, mymo' (inanimate); myky (animate) moʔo, mɨmoʔ (inanimate); mɨkɨ (animate) See Language page
Yabarana 'mənni See Language page
Yukpa aksha (SM) aksha (SM) See Language page
Kalapalo ele ele inheritance See Language page
Northern Emberá haribɨ̃́ , awábʉ haribɨ̃́ , awábʉ See Language page
Guayabero ha-póx unknown See Language page
Macaguan hóhe unknown See Language page
Cuiva bá-ra-xua, dá-xua aquel, that Huber & Reed 1992:257
Cofán tsa tsa phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Páez quiá kia See Language page
Tikuna guxema [3-5, 4, 2] guʔema unique See Language page
Urarina nii nii doubtful loan, direction unknown Yagua See Language page
Camsa tʃí tʃí See Language page
Andoke Nom. Class -dí, -i (Nom. Class) -dí, -i unique See Language page
Puinave jede iete unique See Language page
Máku kwa kwa See Language page
Warao tai tai See Language page
Ashuar áu au See Language page
Huambisa nu nu See Language page
Aguaruna anú anú inheritance See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect tatiː, tiː unique See Language page
Matses aid, uid aid, uid unknown See Language page
Yagua nini nı̃nı̃ doubtful loan, direction unknown Urarina See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua chay tʃaj See Language page
Ingá chi/chin tʃi/tʃin See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua chai tʃai See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano wak wak See Language page
Piaroa chuja tʃuha unknown See Language page
Sáliva jicuah hikʷaʔ unknown See Language page
Bará i'ká See Language page
Barasano ~i (m.); iso (f.) ~i (m.); iso (f.) See Language page
Carapana jĩĩ/jico (anim.), ti + clas. (inan.), to (manner or quantity, inan.) yĩĩ/yicɔ, ti, to See Language page
Makuna ~i (m.); iso (f.) ~i (m.); iso (f.) inheritance See Language page
Yuruti tí-kũbũã tí-kũbũã See Language page
Waikhana si'ka ju'kɨsa si'ka ju'kɨsa See Language page
Siriano sí-ru sí-ru See Language page
Tanimuca iʔsi-a iʔsi-a inheritance See Language page
Tatuyo hɨ̃- hɨ̃- See Language page
Tuyuka i-'wɨ i-'wɨ See Language page
Waimaja tɛ́ tɛ́ See Language page
Koreguaje jã'a (neuter), jã'o (female), jã'ʉ xãʔa, xãʔo, xãʔʉ inheritance See Language page
Siona ja'an haʔan inheritance See Language page
Secoya jequë hɛ'kɨ See Language page
Kokama yukun (distal), yama (indefinite) jukun (distal), jama (indefinite) unknown See Language page
Sirionó aque, quɨ (P85) ake, kɨ inheritance See Language page
Kamayurá okoj okoj inheritance See Language page
Ocaina xahiima xaʔiima unique See Language page
Nɨpode Witoto badá badá See Language page
Minica Witoto bai.e bai.ɛ See Language page
Murui Witoto bai.e bai.ɛ inheritance/Witoto See Language page
Iquito quiína (addressee proximal) kiína (addressee proximal) unknown See Language page
Záparo nuka nuka See Language page
Wari i cain (E&K97) i kain (E&K97) See Language page
Cavineña tumcque (C&L89 tumkke unknown See Language page
Central Aymara uka, ukïri uka, uki:ɾi See Language page
Kwazá ay- ay- See Language page
Djeoromitxi newi newi See Language page
Lokono kia kia that Pet 1987:373
Kariña dati dati that Yamada 2010:725