Basic Vocabulary (186)
| English |
Spanish |
Portuguese |
Semantic Field |
Part of Speech |
Orthographic Form |
Phonemicized Form |
Gloss as in Source |
Etymology Code |
Proto-Form |
Proto-Language |
Loan Source |
Wanderwort Status |
Etyma Set |
Etymology Notes |
General Notes |
Source |
| 1pl.excl |
nosotros (exclusivo) |
nós (exclusivo) |
grammar |
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inheritance |
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| 1pl.incl |
nosotros (inclusivo) |
nós (inclusivo) |
grammar |
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inheritance |
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| 1sg |
yo |
eu |
grammar |
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inheritance |
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| 2pl |
ustedes |
vocês |
grammar |
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unknown |
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| 2sg |
xx |
xx |
grammar |
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inheritance |
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| 3pl |
ellos/ellas |
eles/elas |
grammar |
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inheritance |
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| 3sg |
el/ella |
ele/ela |
grammar |
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unique |
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| above |
encima, arriba |
acima |
location |
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inheritance |
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| again |
de nuevo, otra vez |
de novo |
grammar |
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missing |
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| all |
todo |
todos |
other |
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missing |
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| and |
y |
e |
grammar |
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missing |
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| ankle |
tobillo |
tornozelo |
body |
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unique |
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| armpit |
axila, sobaco |
axila |
body |
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inheritance |
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| ashamed |
xx |
xx |
mental |
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missing |
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| ashes |
xx |
xx |
environment |
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unique |
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| at |
en, a |
em, a |
location |
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missing |
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| back |
espalda |
costas |
body |
|
-lardingga |
-lardingga |
|
doubtful loan |
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Worrorra |
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| bad |
mal |
mal |
quality |
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unknown |
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| be alive |
xx |
xx |
body |
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missing |
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| belly |
barriga |
barriga |
body |
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inheritance |
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| below |
abajo, debajo |
abaixo |
location |
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unique |
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| big |
grande |
grande |
quality |
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unique |
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| bite |
morder |
morder |
body |
|
bada, parda |
bada, parda |
|
doubtful loan |
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| black |
negro |
preto |
colour |
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inheritance |
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| blood |
sangre |
sangue |
body |
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inheritance |
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| blow |
soplar |
soprar |
body |
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missing |
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| blunt |
xx |
xx |
quality |
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missing |
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| bone |
hueso |
osso |
body |
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inheritance |
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| boomerang |
xx |
xx |
manufacture |
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missing |
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| breast |
pecho, seno |
peito |
body |
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inheritance |
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| breathe |
respirar |
respirar |
body |
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missing |
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| burn |
quemar |
queimar |
environment |
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unknown |
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| chew |
masticar, mascar |
mastigar |
body |
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missing |
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| child |
niño, niña |
criança |
human |
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unique |
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| climb |
subir |
subir |
motion |
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inheritance |
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| cloud |
nube |
nuvem |
environment |
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unique |
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| cold |
frío |
frio |
quality |
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unique |
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| come |
venir |
vir |
motion |
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missing |
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| cook |
cocinar |
cozinhar |
impact |
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unique |
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| count |
contar |
contar |
mental |
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missing |
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| cry |
llorar |
chorar |
mental |
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inheritance |
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| cut |
xx |
xx |
impact |
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missing |
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| die/be dead |
morir |
morrer |
state |
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inheritance |
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| dig |
cavar |
cavar |
impact |
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inheritance |
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| dingo/wolf |
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fauna |
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unique |
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| dirty |
sucio |
sujo |
quality |
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missing |
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| dream |
soñar |
sonhar |
mental |
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missing |
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| drink |
beber, tomar |
beber |
body |
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inheritance |
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| dry |
seco |
seco |
quality |
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missing |
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| dust |
polvo |
poeira |
environment |
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inheritance |
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| ear |
oreja |
orelha |
body |
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inheritance |
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| earth/soil |
tierra |
terra |
environment |
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unique |
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| eat |
comer |
comer |
body |
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inheritance |
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| egg |
huevo |
ovo |
fauna |
|
gambi:ngga |
gambi:ngga |
|
loan into proto-language |
|
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| eye |
ojo |
olho |
body |
|
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inheritance |
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| faeces |
heces, mierda, excremento, estiércol |
fezes |
body |
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unknown |
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| fall |
caer |
cair |
motion |
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inheritance |
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| far |
lejos |
longe |
quality |
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missing |
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| fat/grease |
grasa |
gordura |
body |
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unique |
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| father |
padre, papá |
pai |
kinship |
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unique |
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| fear |
miedo |
medo |
mental |
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missing |
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| feather |
pluma |
pena |
fauna |
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unknown |
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| fire |
fuego |
fogo |
environment |
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inheritance |
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| fish |
xx |
xx |
fauna |
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missing |
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| flow |
fluir |
fluir |
motion |
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missing |
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| flower |
flor |
flor |
environment |
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inheritance |
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| fly |
volar |
voar |
motion |
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unique |
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| fog |
niebla, neblina |
nevoeira, bruma, neblina |
environment |
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missing |
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| foot |
pie |
pé |
body |
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|
unique |
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| fruit |
fruta |
fruta |
flora |
|
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|
missing |
|
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| good |
bueno |
bom |
quality |
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|
unique |
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| grow |
crecer |
crescer |
state |
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|
missing |
|
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| hair (of head) |
cabello |
cabelo |
body |
|
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|
unique |
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| hand |
mano |
mão |
body |
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inheritance |
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| head |
cabeza |
cabeça |
body |
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unique |
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| hear |
oír |
ouvir |
mental |
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|
inheritance |
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| heavy |
pesado |
pesado |
quality |
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|
inheritance |
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| hide |
esconder |
esconder |
motion |
|
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|
missing |
|
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| hit |
golpear, pegar |
bater |
impact |
|
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|
missing |
|
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| hit (with hand) |
xx |
xx |
impact |
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|
missing |
|
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| hold |
correr, asegurar, sostener |
segurar |
other |
|
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|
missing |
|
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| how? |
como |
como |
grammar |
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|
missing |
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| if |
si |
se |
grammar |
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missing |
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| in/inside |
dentro, adentro |
dentro |
location |
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|
missing |
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| intestines |
intestinos |
intestinos |
body |
|
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|
inheritance |
|
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| itch |
hormiguear, sentir comezón |
coçar |
body |
|
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|
|
missing |
|
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| kill |
matar |
matar |
impact |
|
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|
unique |
|
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|
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| know/be knowledgeable |
saber, conecer |
saber, conhecer |
mental |
|
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|
|
missing |
|
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| lake |
lago |
lago |
environment |
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
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| laugh |
reír |
rir |
mental |
|
|
|
|
inheritance |
|
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|
|
|
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|
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| leaf |
hoja |
folha |
environment |
|
|
|
|
unique |
|
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| left/left hand |
izquierdo |
esquerdo |
location/body |
|
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|
missing |
|
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| leg/foot |
pierna |
perna |
body |
|
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|
|
missing |
|
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| lie down |
acostarse, echarse |
deitar |
motion |
|
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|
unique |
|
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| lightning |
rayo, relámpago |
relampago |
environment |
|
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|
|
inheritance |
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| liver |
hígado |
figado |
body |
|
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|
|
inheritance |
|
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|
| long |
largo |
comprido, longo |
quality |
|
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|
|
inheritance |
|
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|
| louse |
piollo, piojo |
piolho |
fauna |
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
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|
|
| lung |
pulmón |
pulmão |
body |
|
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|
|
missing |
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
| man/male |
hombre |
homem |
human |
|
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|
|
missing |
|
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|
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| meat/flesh |
carne |
carne |
fauna |
|
|
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| moon |
luna |
lua |
environment |
|
|
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| mother |
madre, mamá |
mãe |
kinship |
|
|
|
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| mouth |
boca |
boca |
body |
|
|
|
|
inheritance |
|
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|
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|
|
| name |
nombre |
nome |
human |
|
|
|
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| nape |
base del cuello, nuca |
nuca |
body |
|
|
|
|
inheritance? |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| near/close |
cerca de |
perto |
quality |
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| neck |
cuello |
pescoço |
body |
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| new |
nuevo |
novo |
quality |
|
|
|
|
unknown |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| night |
noche |
noite |
time |
|
|
|
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| no/not |
no |
não |
grammar |
|
|
|
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| nose |
nariz |
nariz |
body |
|
|
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| old |
viejo |
velho |
quality |
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| one |
uno |
um |
number |
|
|
|
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| open/uncover |
abrir |
abrir |
other |
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| other |
otro |
outro |
grammar |
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| person/human being |
persona |
pessoa |
human |
|
|
|
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| pimple |
xx |
xx |
body |
|
|
|
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| rain |
lluvia |
chuva |
environment |
|
|
|
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| red |
rojo |
vermelho |
colour |
|
|
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| right/right hand |
derecha |
direita |
location/body |
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| road/path |
camino |
caminho |
manufacture |
|
|
|
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| roof |
xx |
xx |
manufacture |
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| root |
raíz |
raiz |
flora |
|
|
|
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| rotten |
podrido |
podre |
quality |
|
|
|
|
unknown |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| sand |
arena |
areia |
environment |
|
|
|
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| say |
decir |
dizer |
mental |
|
|
|
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| scratch |
rascar |
rasgar |
impact |
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| see |
ver |
ver |
mental |
|
|
|
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| sharp |
afilado, filudo, filoso |
afiado |
quality |
|
|
|
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| shoot |
tirar, disparar, balear |
atirar |
impact |
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| short |
corto |
curto |
quality |
|
|
|
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| shoulder |
hombro |
ombro |
body |
|
|
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| sick |
xx |
xx |
body |
|
|
|
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| sit |
sentar(se) |
sentar |
state |
|
|
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| skin |
piel |
pele |
body |
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| sky |
cielo |
céu |
environment |
|
|
|
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| sleep |
dormir |
dormir |
body |
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| small |
pequeño |
pequeno |
quality |
|
|
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| smell (tr/intr) |
xx |
xx |
body |
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| smoke |
humo |
fumaça |
environment |
|
|
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| spit |
escupir |
cuspir |
body |
|
|
|
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| split |
partir, dividir |
rachar, dividir, partir |
impact |
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| squeeze |
estrujar, exprimir |
espremer |
impact |
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| stab/pierce |
apuñalar, acuchillar |
apunhalar |
impact |
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| stand |
estar de pié |
ficar em pé |
state |
|
|
|
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| star |
estrella |
estrela |
environment |
|
|
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| steal |
robar |
roubar |
other |
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| stone |
piedra |
pedra |
environment |
|
|
|
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| suck |
chupar |
chupar |
body |
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| sun |
sol |
sol |
time |
|
|
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| sweat |
sudar |
suor, suar |
body |
|
|
|
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| swell |
hincharse |
inchar |
body |
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| swim |
nadar |
nadar |
motion |
|
|
|
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| tail |
cola, rabo |
rabo |
body |
|
|
|
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| that |
ese/esa |
esse |
grammar |
|
yuno:, nyuno: |
yuno:, nyuno: |
|
loan |
|
|
Nyulnyulan |
|
|
|
|
|
| thick |
grueso, gordo, espeso |
grosso |
quality |
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| thin |
delgado |
fino |
quality |
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| think |
pensar |
pensar |
mental |
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| this |
este/esta |
este |
grammar |
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| three |
tres |
tres |
number |
|
|
|
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| throat |
garganta |
garganta |
body |
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| throw |
tirar, lanzar |
atirar, jogar |
impact |
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| thunder |
truenos |
trovão |
environment |
|
|
|
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| tie up/fasten |
atar, amarrar |
amarrar |
impact |
|
|
|
|
unknown |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| tongue |
lengua |
lingua |
body |
|
|
|
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| tooth |
diente |
dente |
body |
|
|
|
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| true |
xx |
xx |
quality |
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| turn |
girar, volter, torcer |
virar |
other |
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| two |
dos |
dois |
number |
|
|
|
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| vomit |
vomitar |
vomitar |
body |
|
|
|
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| walk |
caminar, andar |
andar |
motion |
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| water |
agua |
agua |
environment |
|
|
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| wet |
mojado |
molhado |
quality |
|
|
|
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| what? |
que, qué |
que |
grammar |
|
agaba ~ agubayi |
agaba ~ agubayi |
|
loan |
|
|
Warrwa |
|
|
|
|
|
| when? |
cuando |
quando |
grammar |
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| where? |
donde |
onde |
grammar |
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| white |
blanco |
branco |
colour |
|
|
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| who? |
quien, quién |
quem |
grammar |
|
|
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| wife |
esposa |
esposa |
kinship |
|
mangga, maganyerrinya |
mangga, maganyerrinya |
|
loan direction unknown |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| wind |
viento |
vento |
environment |
|
|
|
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| wing |
ala |
asa |
body |
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| woman/female |
mujer |
mulher |
human |
|
|
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| work |
trabajar |
trabalhar |
other |
|
warrgumga |
warrgumga |
|
loan |
|
|
English |
|
|
|
|
|
| yawn |
bostezar |
bocejar |
body |
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| yellow |
amarillo |
amarelo |
colour |
|
kumbakumbarr, kumbarru |
kumbakumbarr, kumbarru |
|
loan into proto-language? |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Flora Fauna Vocabulary (9)
| English |
Spanish |
Portuguese |
Semantic Field |
Part of Speech |
Linnean Name |
Orthographic Form |
Phonemicized Form |
Gloss as in Source |
Etymology Code |
Proto-Form |
Proto-Language |
Loan Source |
Etymology Notes |
Wanderwort Status |
Etyma Set |
Range of Term |
Word Structure |
Word Structure Notes |
Classifier |
Classifier Notes |
Hypernym |
Source |
Association with Social Categories |
Ritual/Mythologically Significant |
Ritual Notes |
Food Source |
Food Notes |
Medicinal |
Medicinal Notes |
How Collected |
Who Collects |
How Prepared |
Psychotropic |
Psychotropic Notes |
Traded |
Trade Notes |
Distribution |
Habitat |
Dangerous |
Ethnobiology Notes |
Species Notes |
General Notes |
| tree |
árbol |
arvore |
flora-fauna |
|
|
|
|
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ant (generic) |
hormiga |
formiga |
flora-fauna |
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| bird |
pajaro, ave |
passaro |
flora-fauna |
|
|
|
|
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| blowfly/housefly |
mosca |
mosca |
flora-fauna |
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| dog (camp, domestic) |
perro |
cachorro |
flora-fauna |
|
|
|
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| grass |
hierba, pasto |
capim, grama |
flora-fauna |
|
|
|
|
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| kangaroo (generic) |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| snake (generic) |
culebra, serpiente |
cobra |
flora-fauna |
|
|
|
|
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| spider |
araña |
aranha |
flora-fauna |
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cultural Vocabulary (8)
| English |
Spanish |
Portuguese |
Semantic Field |
Part of Speech |
Orthographic Form |
Phonemicized Form |
Gloss as in Source |
Etymology Code |
Proto-Form |
Proto-Language |
Loan Source |
Wanderwort Status |
Etyma Set |
Etymology Notes |
Word Structure |
Word Structure Notes |
General Notes |
Source |
| rope/string |
mecate, cuerda, soga |
corda |
culture |
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| bottom grinding stone |
|
|
manufacture |
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| digging stick |
|
|
subsistence tool |
|
|
|
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| winnow |
aventar, tirar (sementes) |
joeirar |
manufacture |
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| top grinding stone |
metate, mano; piedra de moler |
metate, mano |
manufacture |
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| spearthrower |
|
|
subsistence tool |
|
|
|
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| spear |
lanza |
lança |
subsistence tool |
|
jinal.ya |
jinal.ya |
|
loan into proto-language |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| house |
|
|
other |
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ethnographic Information
| Current Population (speakers) |
Former Population Estimate |
Subsistence Preference |
Density |
Sedentism |
Ecotome |
Marriage Pattern |
Notes |
Source |
|
small |
HG |
low |
mobile |
|
|
|
|
