Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

turn

Semantic Field: other
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: girar, volter, torcer
Meaning Portuguese: virar

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Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Loan Source	General Notes	Source
Achagua	ríhkueriu	ríhkueriu		unique		may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Aché		ǰere		inheritance		may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Aguaruna	papegát	papɨgat		unique		may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Akawaio	eeratöng (turn around)	e'ratöŋ (turn around)		inheritance	Venezuelan	may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Arabana	kalja			unique
Araona		balele-a				Also hehaha; tokʷikʷi. To rotate is heha; tokʷikʷia. To go around is dilo.	See Language page
Ashuar	téenkatin	te:nkatin				may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Ayoreo		aa'n̥iʔ; aa'n̥i-hiʔ				may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Baniwa	kapokóita	kapokóita		inheritance		may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Bardi	dirrayi -banyi-; dirrayi -ar-; -midurdu-	dirrayi -banyi-; dirrayi -ar-; -midurdu-		unique
Baure	šoporiporik-	ʃoporiporik-		unknown		may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone	puinuah, puinui”, puinukka” (Cherry Creek dialect)			inheritance
Bora	vihyo (T98)	βiʔjo		inheritance		may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Bunuba	gurnaga-			inheritance
Burarra	ngukurdanyja			unknown
Cahuilla	-meye-			inheritance			S&H 1979
Candoshi-Shapra	yapátámaama	japátámaama		unique		may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Canela		mõ				Jê form is mõ; *mõr. Also means 'go' 10.470. Maxacalí form is mõŋ.	See Language page
Carijona	notoɲoganə			unique		may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Cavineña	tipiro tipiro hoya; kawalʸati-ya; romo-ya; tipirotana-ya; warere-ya; walʸaki aya (tipiro tipiro hoya, kawalʸati-ya, and romo-ya all mean "turn over"; tipirotana-ya, warere-ya, and walʸaki aya all mean "turn around")	tipiro tipiro hoya; kawalʸati-ya; romo-ya; tipirotana-ya; warere-ya; walʸaki aya		unknown		may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Cayuvava		bečerere; poro...ama				may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Central Aymara	muytaña	xaḳukipa-ɲa				may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Central Sierra Miwok	wi:/la- (vt)			inheritance
Cha'palaa		'ya-'te-nu				may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Chemehuevi	koto/7o-ngu “turn around, return”,			unknown
Chiriguano		ᵐbo-ǰere		inheritance		may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja		apilinkyafʷey ~ -epilinkyafʷey				may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Chumash Barbareno	kin'omoj “turn over”			unknown			Wash 2001:482
Chumash Obispeno	tutYino7a “return, come back”			unknown			JPH
Chumash Ventureno	kinomoj “turn around while standing”			unknown			JPH
Chácobo	pɨyɨ-	pɨyɨ-		unknown		may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Cocopa	kwany “turn around”			unknown
Comanche	koonity			inheritance
Cubeo	cũturuvañʉ; turuyayʉ	kũtuɾuvajɨ; tuɾujajɨ		unique; unique		may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Cupeño	wax-yax	[waxyax]		inheritance
Desano	ãĩmajipeo-ri (transitive)	ãĩmahipeo-ɾi		inheritance?		may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Dhangu	bil			inheritance
Dhuwal	bil
Dhuwala	ŋanydjaḻa'yun			unknown
Diyari	kartyi			inheritance
DiyariREU	[missing]			missing
Djambarrpuyngu	1927			unknown
Djapu	bil			unknown
Djeoromitxi	pari, bero	pari, bero				may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Djinang	ḻiw			unknown
Dâw	bâd	bǝd		unique		may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Epena		pʰɨr̃abai-				may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Ese Ejja		poeoʔoya-		unknown		may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Eñepa	turn over: -areɲaka-; turn around: -oponaka-; -os-oponaka- (IDS)	turn over: -areɲaka-; turn around: -oponaka-; -os-oponaka- (IDS)		inheritance		may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Gajirrabeng	leberrg			unique	NJ
Gooniyandi	goornag-			inheritance
Gupapuyngu	ŋanydjaḻa'yun			unknown
Gurindji	wirrminy yuwa-			loan	Jaminjung
Hodï		ʰka-bãlãlĩ		unique		may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Huambisa	ayantratsa	ajantratsa				may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Hup	d’oʔkǝd-, hupkǝd-	d’oʔkǝd-, hupkǝd-		unique		may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Ignaciano		-'ewiuruka				may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Iipay 'Aa	apekwiilp, telekwin	[apəˈkʷiˑlp], [t̯ələˈkʷɪn̯]		inheritance
Ingá	tallii	taʎii				may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Itonama		tʸasupeleʔna				may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Jaru	gunag wand-			loan
Kaingang	jakajẽn	wə̃n ke; wĩrn ke; yɨ rã; yɨ ŋĩn				may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Kakataibo		maia-ti				Panoan maya- with related meanings 'rotate, twist, roll between palms, braid'.	See Language page
Kakua		hɨ̂dn [surround]		unknown		may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Kamayurá	jerowak, mojerep	jerowak, mojerep		inheritance		may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Karajarri	pirrp yintanpa waranykarti (1)			unique
Karajá		abuare				may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Kariña	ewanama	ewanama	turn				Yamada 2010:734
Katukina		pirõ				may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Kawaiisu	mynishi- “turn around”			inheritance
Kija	tuwurrng 'turn over'			unique
Kiliwa	wiR/kwiR			inheritance
Kitanemuk	manu7mk (vt)			inheritance
Koreguaje	canimʉ	kanimʉ		inheritance		may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Kotiria	majare pahara, sariãna	majare pahara, sariãna		inheritance	E Tuk	may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Kwazá	are-, deba-, mũrjerwa-, piriri-, xare-	are-, deba-, mũrjerwa-, piriri-, xare-				may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Lake Miwok	tu/upHliTi “turn around”			unknown
Lengua		#NAME?				may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Lokono	kerosyn	keɾosɨn	turn				Pet 1987:376
Luiseño	moma~i-			inheritance
Maca		#NAME?				Cf. 'whirlpool' 01.362.	See Language page
Macaguan	pirárre	pirárre		doubtful loan	Yukuna; Chocoan?	may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Maidu	wy/n			unknown
Maihiki	aniyi	aniji		inheritance		may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Makuna	jᵾda-re (transitive)	xɨda.ɾe		unique		may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Makushi	turn over: eraʔtɨ; turn around: ennaʔpo (IDS)	turn over: eraʔtɨ; turn around: ennaʔpo (IDS)		inheritance		may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Malyangapa	[missing]			missing
Mangala	kurari kanarri (1)			unique
Mapudungun		wiɲo-kintu				Ranquel form is wiɲokintɨ-.	See Language page
Matses	bidiad	bidiad		unknown		may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Miriwung	luwurrg			unique	NJ
Mithaka	[missing]			missing
Mocoví		pil-eʔt-ot				Lit. '(zero) 3p actor-return-direct-toward'.	See Language page
Mojave	aakwin=,			inheritance
Movima	ɗa-pil-na	ɗa-pil-na				may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Mudburra	wirrmin
Mudburra	wirrminy			loan
Muinane	vííuhi (W97)	βííuʔi				may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Muisca	yz zukuscansuca	ɨz tʂukuskansuka				may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Murui Witoto	gɨrerioìde	gɯrɛrioìdɛ (B83)		unknown		may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Mutsun	tippe “wander, turn”, ippe			unknown			?
Nadëb/Roçado dialect		wa-tǝ̱:p, wa-kɔ̃uʃ [trans?]		unique		may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua	bultiyachina	bultiʎatʃina				may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Ngamini	karatyina			inheritance
Ngandi	burlet-dhu			unique
Ngarluma	wagardarri (-gu)
Nheengatu	muyeréu (mu=fazer, yeréu=virar-se), yeréu	mujereu (mu=fazer, jereu=virar-se), jereu		inheritance		may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Nhirrpi	[missing]			missing
Ninam	šimore (EM72)	ʃimoɾe		inheritance		may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Nisenan	w2c'2t			unknown
Nivaclé		-nkɔčˀaklax; -tatwaič ɔklax; -čˀiyapop	turn over; turn over; turn around			may be transitive or intransitive	https://ids.clld.org/
Northern Emberá	pʉrrɨgábi, pʉrratˈɨi	pʉrrɨgábi, pʉrratˈɨi				may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Northern Mangarla	kurarri-ka-rna
Northern Nyangumarta	[missing]			missing
Northern Paiute	tsamyna (sg)			inheritance			Thornes 03:316
Northern Sierra Miwok	jo:wu-			unknown
Nyangumarta	[missing]			missing
Nyikina	birrb XXngl turn off, turn aside.	birrb XXngl durn off, durn aside.		unique
Nyulnyul	nolo man@ian	nolo manyan		unique
Ocaina	toon̈u	tõõn:ɯ		unique		may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Paakantyi	ḏamba-ḏamba-			unique
Paraguayan Guaraní		ǰere; ᵐbo-ǰere				may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Paresi	ehaikoa	ehaikoa		unknown		may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Pemon	ataime	ataime (A1981)		inheritance?		may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Piapoco	càpucùadaca, èwìaca, ènúadaca	kàpukùadaka, èwìaka, ènúadaka				may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Piaroa	ka'rEuh	kaɁræuh		unknown		may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Pilagá		neso'woʁočiɲi				may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Pirriya	[missing]			missing
Pitta-Pitta	wangkuma			unique
Plains Miwok	wi:lakse- “turn around”			inheritance
Puinave	[-he-wuk] (~ around)	he-wuk		unique		may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Pumé	karupá					may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Páez	spondó, tignuend	spondó, tignuend				may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano	muyuy	muyuj				may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Rirratjingu	[missing]			missing
Ritharrngu	birrirri'yun			inheritance
Salinan A	(il)k'elpa, k'ethpha (A),			unknown
Salinan M	missing			missing
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité		#NAME?				may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet		nempaykeyaamˀ				Also nensaaskekɬaʔ; nempoolsaekɬaʔ.	See Language page
Sanumá	hãkoma, ioto (EM72)	hãkoma, ioto		unique		may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Secoya	quëhui, sëno	kɨwi, sɨ̃nɔ				may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Selknam		ʔečeryè				may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Seri (Comcaac)	iiqui toii cpot “turn self around”			unknown
Serrano	ngOhA:h-q turn w/ forward momentum, change direction, go around a bend			inheritance
Shipibo-Konibo		rãβɨti				may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Sikuani	jiarabajaraba (4), jiarabajarata (4), jiarabia (1), jiarajiarajai (21), jiaraka (3), jiarata (3)			unknown		may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Siona	quëhuijeiji	kɨwiheihi		inheritance		may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Sirionó	uquia, uma (P85)	ukia, uma		unique; unique		may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Southern Paiute	mynic:i-G to turn over, several turn back			inheritance
Southern Pastaza Quechua	muyurina	mujuɾina				may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Southern Sierra Miwok	7im:yt-wi-j:- (turn that way);			unknown
Southern Ute	komo”7nichi			inheritance
Sáliva	cãchahllajaha	kãʧaʔʤahaʔa		unknown		may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Tacana		-barere-a-				Means 'to go around'. Also neti-barere-.	See Language page
Tanimuca	õ'te ri'ka (trans); õ'si bi'I ri'ka (intrans, reflex)	õ'te ri'ka (trans); õ'si bi'I ri'ka (intrans, reflex)		unique		may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Tariana	kapúku	kapúku		inheritance		may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Tikuna	enangó-égo (Alv44)	enaŋóʔégo		unique		may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Tiriyó	epanama	epanama		unknown		may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Tukano	mahâmi	mahâmi		inheritance	E Tuk	may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Tübatulabal	paj7k-yt “turn around”			unknown
Tümpisa Shoshone	-munuh (around or over)			inheritance
Wai Wai	aknama-kɨ	aknama-kɨ		unknown		may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Walmajarri	kurnakkuji-			loan
Wangkayutyuru	mirrpari-			unique
Waorani	dadi wẽdẽ			unique		may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Wapishana	pʰadantʰa-n	pʰadantʰa-n		unknown		may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Wappo	ch'o-chit-el'			unknown			E1993
Wari	yami	jami				may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Warrwa	walara walyi; gurnag	walara walyi; kurnak		unique
Washo	p'íʔlugay			unknown			Washo Project
Waurá	ɣak-uwa	ɣak-uwa		unknown		may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Wayampi	-yɛwɨ	-jɛwɨ		unknown		may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Wayana	pelelep -ka	pelelep -ka		unique		may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Wayuu		aľeyata				may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Western Mono	mi/naa-			inheritance
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay		i-len-'ɬi				Means 'around' something.	See Language page
Wintu	-thama			unknown
Wubuy	warlarlha			inheritance?
Yagua	nubenu	nubenu		unique		may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Yaminahua		βɨso-kĩ; βɨso-akɨ-kaβa-kĩ				Latter is 'turn around and go back the way you came'.	See Language page
Yan-nhangu	mirradathun			inheritance
Yandruwandha	wapawagawaga			unique
Yanomam	šimore	ʃimoɾe		inheritance		may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Yanomami	shimore-aɨ, shimoremou	ʃimoɾe-aɨ, ʃimoɾemou		inheritance		may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Yarluyandi	kartji-			inheritance
Yavapai	sihWi_:ni “turn (car, horse) in motion”			unknown
Yawarrawarrka	kartjindri			inheritance
Yawuru	-mirdurdu- XXngl transitive (turn it around)	-mirdurdu-		unique
Yokuts Yawdanchi	tcadax						K07:252
Yokuts Yowlumne	c'atap “turn over”			inheritance			Golla 1964:66
Yuhup	k'ot-doʔ	k'ot-doʔ		unique		may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Yuki	wit			inheritance			S&S 1984
Yukpa	atabrémapo					may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Yukuna	pilóro'okaje	pilóroʔokahe		doubtful loan, direction unknown	Macaguan pirárre; see also Chocoan	may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
Záparo	tawhunu	tawhunu				may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page


Achagua
Aché
Aguaruna
Akawaio
Arabana
Araona
Ashuar
Ayoreo
Baniwa
Bardi
Baure
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Bora
Bunuba
Burarra
Cahuilla
Candoshi-Shapra
Canela
Carijona
Cavineña
Cayuvava
Central Aymara
Central Sierra Miwok
Cha'palaa
Chemehuevi
Chiriguano
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Obispeno
Chumash Ventureno
Chácobo
Cocopa
Comanche
Cubeo
Cupeño
Desano
Dhangu
Dhuwal
Dhuwala
Diyari
DiyariREU
Djambarrpuyngu
Djapu
Djeoromitxi
Djinang
Dâw
Epena
Ese Ejja
Eñepa
Gajirrabeng
Gooniyandi
Gupapuyngu
Gurindji
Hodï
Huambisa
Hup
Ignaciano
Iipay 'Aa
Ingá
Itonama
Jaru
Kaingang
Kakataibo
Kakua
Kamayurá
Karajarri
Karajá
Kariña
Katukina
Kawaiisu
Kija
Kiliwa
Kitanemuk
Koreguaje
Kotiria
Kwazá
Lake Miwok
Lengua
Lokono
Luiseño
Maca
Macaguan
Maidu
Maihiki
Makuna
Makushi
Malyangapa
Mangala
Mapudungun
Matses
Miriwung
Mithaka
Mocoví
Mojave
Movima
Mudburra
Mudburra
Muinane
Muisca
Murui Witoto
Mutsun
Nadëb/Roçado dialect
Napo Lowland Quichua
Ngamini
Ngandi
Ngarluma
Nheengatu
Nhirrpi
Ninam
Nisenan
Nivaclé
Northern Emberá
Northern Mangarla
Northern Nyangumarta
Northern Paiute
Northern Sierra Miwok
Nyangumarta
Nyikina
Nyulnyul
Ocaina
Paakantyi
Paraguayan Guaraní
Paresi
Pemon
Piapoco
Piaroa
Pilagá
Pirriya
Pitta-Pitta
Plains Miwok
Puinave
Pumé
Páez
Quechua Ayacuchano
Rirratjingu
Ritharrngu
Salinan A
Salinan M
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet
Sanumá
Secoya
Selknam
Seri (Comcaac)
Serrano
Shipibo-Konibo
Sikuani
Siona
Sirionó
Southern Paiute
Southern Pastaza Quechua
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Ute
Sáliva
Tacana
Tanimuca
Tariana
Tikuna
Tiriyó
Tukano
Tübatulabal
Tümpisa Shoshone
Wai Wai
Walmajarri
Wangkayutyuru
Waorani
Wapishana
Wappo
Wari
Warrwa
Washo
Waurá
Wayampi
Wayana
Wayuu
Western Mono
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay
Wintu
Wubuy
Yagua
Yaminahua
Yan-nhangu
Yandruwandha
Yanomam
Yanomami
Yarluyandi
Yavapai
Yawarrawarrka
Yawuru
Yokuts Yawdanchi
Yokuts Yowlumne
Yuhup
Yuki
Yukpa
Yukuna
Záparo

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