Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

turn

Semantic Field
other
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
girar, volter, torcer
Meaning Portuguese
virar

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone puinuah, puinui”, puinukka” (Cherry Creek dialect) inheritance
Cahuilla -meye- inheritance S&H 1979
Central Sierra Miwok wi:/la- (vt) inheritance
Chemehuevi koto/7o-ngu “turn around, return”, unknown
Chumash Barbareno kin'omoj “turn over” unknown Wash 2001:482
Chumash Obispeno tutYino7a “return, come back” unknown JPH
Chumash Ventureno kinomoj “turn around while standing” unknown JPH
Cocopa kwany “turn around” unknown
Comanche koonity inheritance
Cupeño wax-yax [waxyax] inheritance
Iipay 'Aa apekwiilp, telekwin [apəˈkʷiˑlp], [t̯ələˈkʷɪn̯] inheritance
Kawaiisu mynishi- “turn around” inheritance
Kiliwa wiR/kwiR inheritance
Kitanemuk manu7mk (vt) inheritance
Lake Miwok tu/upHliTi “turn around” unknown
Luiseño moma~i- inheritance
Maidu wy/n unknown
Mojave aakwin=, inheritance
Mutsun tippe “wander, turn”, ippe unknown ?
Nisenan w2c'2t unknown
Northern Paiute tsamyna (sg) inheritance Thornes 03:316
Northern Sierra Miwok jo:wu- unknown
Plains Miwok wi:lakse- “turn around” inheritance
Salinan A (il)k'elpa, k'ethpha (A), unknown
Salinan M missing missing
Seri (Comcaac) iiqui toii cpot “turn self around” unknown
Serrano ngOhA:h-q turn w/ forward momentum, change direction, go around a bend inheritance
Southern Paiute mynic:i-G to turn over, several turn back inheritance
Southern Sierra Miwok 7im:yt-wi-j:- (turn that way); unknown
Southern Ute komo”7nichi inheritance
Tübatulabal paj7k-yt “turn around” unknown
Tümpisa Shoshone -munuh (around or over) inheritance
Wappo ch'o-chit-el' unknown E1993
Washo p'íʔlugay unknown Washo Project
Western Mono mi/naa- inheritance
Wintu -thama unknown
Yavapai sihWi_:ni “turn (car, horse) in motion” unknown
Yokuts Yawdanchi tcadax K07:252
Yokuts Yowlumne c'atap “turn over” inheritance Golla 1964:66
Yuki wit inheritance S&S 1984
Baniwa kapokóita kapokóita inheritance may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Carijona notoɲoganə unique may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Cubeo cũturuvañʉ; turuyayʉ kũtuɾuvajɨ; tuɾujajɨ unique; unique may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Dâw bâd bǝd unique may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Desano ãĩmajipeo-ri (transitive) ãĩmahipeo-ɾi inheritance? may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Eñepa turn over: -areɲaka-; turn around: -oponaka-; -os-oponaka- (IDS) turn over: -areɲaka-; turn around: -oponaka-; -os-oponaka- (IDS) inheritance may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Hodï ʰka-bãlãlĩ unique may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Waorani dadi wẽdẽ unique may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Hup d’oʔkǝd-, hupkǝd- d’oʔkǝd-, hupkǝd- unique may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Kakua hɨ̂dn [surround] unknown may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Makushi turn over: eraʔtɨ; turn around: ennaʔpo (IDS) turn over: eraʔtɨ; turn around: ennaʔpo (IDS) inheritance may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Nheengatu muyeréu (mu=fazer, yeréu=virar-se), yeréu mujereu (mu=fazer, jereu=virar-se), jereu inheritance may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Ninam šimore (EM72) ʃimoɾe inheritance may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Maihiki aniyi aniji inheritance may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Pemon ataime ataime (A1981) inheritance? may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Sanumá hãkoma, ioto (EM72) hãkoma, ioto unique may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Sikuani jiarabajaraba (4), jiarabajarata (4), jiarabia (1), jiarajiarajai (21), jiaraka (3), jiarata (3) unknown may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Tariana kapúku kapúku inheritance may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Tukano mahâmi mahâmi inheritance E Tuk may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Kotiria majare pahara, sariãna majare pahara, sariãna inheritance E Tuk may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Yanomam šimore ʃimoɾe inheritance may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Yanomami shimore-aɨ, shimoremou ʃimoɾe-aɨ, ʃimoɾemou inheritance may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Yukuna pilóro'okaje pilóroʔokahe doubtful loan, direction unknown Macaguan pirárre; see also Chocoan may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Yuhup k'ot-doʔ k'ot-doʔ unique may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Arabana kalja unique
Bardi dirrayi -banyi-; dirrayi -ar-; -midurdu- dirrayi -banyi-; dirrayi -ar-; -midurdu- unique
Bunuba gurnaga- inheritance
Burarra ngukurdanyja unknown
Dhangu bil inheritance
Dhuwal bil
Dhuwala ŋanydjaḻa'yun unknown
Diyari kartyi inheritance
DiyariREU [missing] missing
Djambarrpuyngu 1927 unknown
Djapu bil unknown
Djinang ḻiw unknown
Gajirrabeng leberrg unique NJ
Gooniyandi goornag- inheritance
Gupapuyngu ŋanydjaḻa'yun unknown
Gurindji wirrminy yuwa- loan Jaminjung
Jaru gunag wand- loan
Karajarri pirrp yintanpa waranykarti (1) unique
Kija tuwurrng 'turn over' unique
Malyangapa [missing] missing
Mangala kurari kanarri (1) unique
Miriwung luwurrg unique NJ
Mithaka [missing] missing
Mudburra wirrmin
Mudburra wirrminy loan
Ngamini karatyina inheritance
Ngandi burlet-dhu unique
Ngarluma wagardarri (-gu)
Nhirrpi [missing] missing
Northern Mangarla kurarri-ka-rna
Northern Nyangumarta [missing] missing
Nyangumarta [missing] missing
Nyikina birrb XXngl turn off, turn aside. birrb XXngl durn off, durn aside. unique
Nyulnyul nolo man@ian nolo manyan unique
Paakantyi ḏamba-ḏamba- unique
Pirriya [missing] missing
Pitta-Pitta wangkuma unique
Rirratjingu [missing] missing
Ritharrngu birrirri'yun inheritance
Walmajarri kurnakkuji- loan
Wangkayutyuru mirrpari- unique
Warrwa walara walyi; gurnag walara walyi; kurnak unique
Wubuy warlarlha inheritance?
Yan-nhangu mirradathun inheritance
Yandruwandha wapawagawaga unique
Yarluyandi kartji- inheritance
Yawarrawarrka kartjindri inheritance
Yawuru -mirdurdu- XXngl transitive (turn it around) -mirdurdu- unique
Achagua ríhkueriu ríhkueriu unique may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Piapoco càpucùadaca, èwìaca, ènúadaca kàpukùadaka, èwìaka, ènúadaka may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Wapishana pʰadantʰa-n pʰadantʰa-n unknown may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Wayuu aľeyata may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Paresi ehaikoa ehaikoa unknown may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Ignaciano -'ewiuruka may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Baure šoporiporik- ʃoporiporik- unknown may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Waurá ɣak-uwa ɣak-uwa unknown may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Cha'palaa 'ya-'te-nu may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Bora vihyo (T98) βiʔjo inheritance may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Muinane vííuhi (W97) βííuʔi may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Akawaio eeratöng (turn around) e'ratöŋ (turn around) inheritance Venezuelan may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Wayana pelelep -ka pelelep -ka unique may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Tiriyó epanama epanama unknown may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Wai Wai aknama-kɨ aknama-kɨ unknown may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Yukpa atabrémapo may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Muisca yz zukuscansuca ɨz tʂukuskansuka may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Northern Emberá pʉrrɨgábi, pʉrratˈɨi pʉrrɨgábi, pʉrratˈɨi may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Epena pʰɨr̃abai- may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Macaguan pirárre pirárre doubtful loan Yukuna; Chocoan? may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra yapátámaama japátámaama unique may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Páez spondó, tignuend spondó, tignuend may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Tikuna enangó-égo (Alv44) enaŋóʔégo unique may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Pumé karupá may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Puinave [-he-wuk] (~ around) he-wuk unique may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Ashuar téenkatin te:nkatin may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Huambisa ayantratsa ajantratsa may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Aguaruna papegát papɨgat unique may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect wa-tǝ̱:p, wa-kɔ̃uʃ [trans?] unique may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Matses bidiad bidiad unknown may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Kakataibo maia-ti *Panoan *maya- with related meanings 'rotate, twist, roll between palms, braid'. See Language page
Katukina pirõ may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo rãβɨti may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Yaminahua βɨso-kĩ; βɨso-akɨ-kaβa-kĩ Latter is 'turn around and go back the way you came'. See Language page
Chácobo pɨyɨ- pɨyɨ- unknown may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Yagua nubenu nubenu unique may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua muyurina mujuɾina may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Ingá tallii taʎii may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua bultiyachina bultiʎatʃina may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano muyuy muyuj may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Piaroa ka'rEuh kaɁræuh unknown may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Sáliva cãchahllajaha kãʧaʔʤahaʔa unknown may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Makuna jᵾda-re (transitive) xɨda.ɾe unique may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Tanimuca õ'te ri'ka (trans); õ'si bi'I ri'ka (intrans, reflex) õ'te ri'ka (trans); õ'si bi'I ri'ka (intrans, reflex) unique may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Koreguaje canimʉ kanimʉ inheritance may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Siona quëhuijeiji kɨwiheihi inheritance may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Secoya quëhui, sëno kɨwi, sɨ̃nɔ may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Wayampi -yɛwɨ -jɛwɨ unknown may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Aché ǰere inheritance may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Chiriguano ᵐbo-ǰere inheritance may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní ǰere; ᵐbo-ǰere may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Sirionó uquia, uma (P85) ukia, uma unique; unique may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Kamayurá jerowak, mojerep jerowak, mojerep inheritance may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Ocaina toon̈u tõõn:ɯ unique may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Murui Witoto gɨrerioìde gɯrɛrioìdɛ (B83) unknown may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Záparo tawhunu tawhunu may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Wari yami jami may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Araona balele-a Also hehaha; tokʷikʷi. To rotate is heha; tokʷikʷia. To go around is dilo. See Language page
Ese Ejja poeoʔoya- unknown may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Tacana -barere-a- Means 'to go around'. Also neti-barere-. See Language page
Cavineña tipiro tipiro hoya; kawalʸati-ya; romo-ya; tipirotana-ya; warere-ya; walʸaki aya (tipiro tipiro hoya, kawalʸati-ya, and romo-ya all mean "turn over"; tipirotana-ya, warere-ya, and walʸaki aya all mean "turn around") tipiro tipiro hoya; kawalʸati-ya; romo-ya; tipirotana-ya; warere-ya; walʸaki aya unknown may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Central Aymara muytaña xaḳukipa-ɲa may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Cayuvava bečerere; poro...ama may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Itonama tʸasupeleʔna may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Kwazá are-, deba-, mũrjerwa-, piriri-, xare- are-, deba-, mũrjerwa-, piriri-, xare- may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Movima ɗa-pil-na ɗa-pil-na may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Kaingang jakajẽn wə̃n ke; wĩrn ke; yɨ rã; yɨ ŋĩn may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Canela mõ *Jê form is *mõ; *mõr. Also means 'go' 10.470. Maxacalí form is mõŋ. See Language page
Karajá abuare may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Djeoromitxi pari, bero pari, bero may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Mocoví pil-eʔt-ot Lit. '(zero) 3p actor-return-direct-toward'. See Language page
Pilagá neso'woʁočiɲi may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Lengua #NAME? may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité #NAME? may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet nempaykeyaamˀ Also nensaaskekɬaʔ; nempoolsaekɬaʔ. See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay i-len-'ɬi Means 'around' something. See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja apilinkyafʷey ~ -epilinkyafʷey may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Maca #NAME? Cf. 'whirlpool' 01.362. See Language page
Nivaclé -nkɔčˀaklax; -tatwaič ɔklax; -čˀiyapop turn over; turn over; turn around may be transitive or intransitive https://ids.clld.org/
Ayoreo aa'n̥iʔ; aa'n̥i-hiʔ may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Mapudungun wiɲo-kintu Ranquel form is wiɲokintɨ-. See Language page
Selknam ʔečeryè may be transitive or intransitive See Language page
Lokono kerosyn keɾosɨn turn Pet 1987:376
Kariña ewanama ewanama turn Yamada 2010:734