Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

say

Semantic Field
mental
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
decir
Meaning Portuguese
dizer

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Bankalachi Toloim alā>wi (K1907 “speak”) inheritance
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone missing missing
Cahuilla -yax- H150 inheritance S&H 1979
Central Sierra Miwok ka/ch:y- inheritance
Chemehuevi mai inheritance
Chumash Barbareno 7ip inheritance Klar 1977:109
Chumash Cruzeno 7i inheritance Klar 1977:109
Chumash Ineseno 7ip inheritance Klar 1977:109
Chumash Obispeno 7ipi inheritance Klar 1977:109
Chumash Ventureno ipi B67:14, yp “di” B67:16 inheritance
Cocopa 7i: inheritance
Comanche ty7awe inheritance Charney 1993
Cupeño yax-0 [ˈyax], [yəx] inheritance
Esselen al-pa “speak” unknown Shaul 1995:199
Gabrielino pa:ri- unknown
Iipay 'Aa wii [wiˑ] inheritance
Kawaiisu mee- inheritance
Kiliwa 7ii, 7ii-t inheritance
Kitanemuk hak loan direction unknown
Lake Miwok li/law- unknown
Luiseño ya- inheritance
Maidu ma/\j unknown
Mojave i'ii=, i= inheritance
Mutsun kuwa, ko:- “to say” unknown O77:203
Nisenan ha-, inheritance
Northern Paiute yni “say” inheritance SAA 1982:64
Northern Sierra Miwok kac:yksy- inheritance
Plains Miwok kac:y- inheritance
Salinan A *ho'yi7 (A) “say” unknown
Salinan M he/k'a' 'tell, say' unknown Mason 1918:140
Seri (Comcaac) quee unknown
Serrano qy-i inheritance
Southern Paiute ai-S “to say, to make a sound” inheritance
Southern Sierra Miwok kac:- inheritance
Southern Ute mai, maa, maikH inheritance
Tübatulabal ky-t inheritance
Tümpisa Shoshone jykwi” inheritance
Wappo ca/u:si7 unknown
Washo i/d unknown J309
Western Mono inee- “say, tell” inheritance
Wintu ti:n “talk, say, scold” unknown
Yavapai ?i/ inheritance
Yokuts Palewyami xai-si “talk” K 1963 inheritance K1963
Yokuts Yawdanchi wid 253 inheritance K07:253
Yokuts Yowlumne wiye:, wiyi inheritance N1944:31, N1964
Yuki 7i:m, 7e:m inheritance S&S 1984
Yuma a7i/, a7e “to say” H2:150 a7i:m “he says” inheritance
Carijona ka (M2000) inheritance See Language page
Cubeo a-'jɨ́- a-'jɨ́- inheritance See Language page
Dâw nãà nã̂ inheritance See Language page
Desano ã'rĩ́- ã'rĩ́- inheritance See Language page
Hodï ũtɨ missing See Language page
Waorani ã missing See Language page
Hup nɔ- ~dɔ- inheritance See Language page
Kakua nih doubtful loan (into proto-language?) Tukanoan, e.g. Tukano nii 'say'; see also Quechua See Language page
Nheengatu yẽ'ẽ jẽʔẽ inheritance See Language page
Ninam kɨ kɨ inheritance See Language page
Nukak niih2 doubtful loan (into proto-language?) Tukanoan, e.g. Tukano nii 'say'; see also Quechua See Language page
Maihiki quɨayi, iyi, jɨcayi kɨaji, ĩji, xɨ̃kaji inheritance? See Language page
Sanumá ku ku inheritance See Language page
Sikuani humáitsi, tsipáeba, -hái, al fin de la cita (at the end of a quote) inheritance See Language page
Tukano dĩ- dĩ- inheritance See Language page
Kotiria dĩ- dĩ- inheritance See Language page
Yanomam ku ku inheritance See Language page
Yanomami kuu inheritance See Language page
Yukuna mí- mí- inheritance? See Language page
Yuhup nɔ ~dɔ inheritance See Language page
Arabana jeninta inheritance
Bardi ar ar inheritance
Bunuba ra, wurla unique
Burarra wengga inheritance
Dhangu wäŋa inheritance
Dhuwal wanga_x001E_
Dhuwala ŋayawurkthun unknown
Diyari jatanta unique
DiyariREU [missing] missing
Djambarrpuyngu [missing] missing
Djapu wanga_x001E_
Djinang wangidji inheritance
Gajirrabeng yirrg unique
Gooniyandi jag- unique
Gupapuyngu ŋayawurkthun inheritance
Gurindji ma- inheritance
Jabirr-Jabirr ma-djen ma-jen inheritance
Jaru ma- inheritance
Karajarri yintanpa (1) inheritance
Kija jarrak unique
Malyangapa [missing] missing
Mangala marrarra!, marra- unknown
Miriwung wurla loan Ngarinyin
Mithaka paRingandakuli unique
Mudburra yurr (ku-ya)
Mudburra ma- inheritance
Ngamini yata inheritance
Ngandi yima inheritance
Ngarluma wangka(-gu)
Nhirrpi gawagawa unique
Nimanburru ma-djen ma-jen inheritance
Northern Mangarla mininy-pu
Northern Nyangumarta wurrana- (V2)
Nyangumarta muwarr
Nyikina -I- -I- inheritance
Nyulnyul mad@ian majan inheritance
Paakantyi gulba- unique
Pirriya thapaangu unique
Pitta-Pitta tharupali inheritance
Rirratjingu wa:ŋa
Ritharrngu wanga inheritance
Walmajarri ma- inheritance
Wangkayutyuru tharupadi- inheritance
Wubuy yama inheritance
Yan-nhangu gumurk'thun inheritance
Yandruwandha yandha, ngana inheritance
Yarluyandi yani- inheritance
Yawarrawarrka ngampari unique
Yawuru ma-djon ma-jon inheritance
Achagua máiri máiri inheritance See Language page
Piapoco íma íma See Language page
Kabiyari íma íma See Language page
Yavitero ma ma See Language page
Wapishana kʰia-n kʰia-n unknown See Language page
Wayuu maa See Language page
Paresi nexa neʃa doubtful loan, direction unknown Je, cf. Suya See Language page
Ignaciano -kaʔe; -'iča; -metaka See Language page
Trinitario -koʔe; -hičo See Language page
Baure 'k-ičo k-itʃo inheritance See Language page
Waurá um-; aakata um-; aakata inheritance?; unknown See Language page
Cha'palaa 'ti-nu; 'c̷an-'di-nu Lit. 'so-say'. See Language page
Bora neé (T98) neé inheritance See Language page
Muinane néehi, jɨ́ɨ́béguehi (W97) néeʔi, xɨ́ɨ́bégueʔi See Language page
Akawaio ta ta unknown See Language page
Apalai kary karɨ inheritance See Language page
Wayana ka ka inheritance See Language page
Tiriyó ka ka inheritance See Language page
Waimiri Atroari kak kak See Language page
Kalapalo ki- ki- inheritance See Language page
Muisca zegusqua tʂeγuskua See Language page
Barí iibaḳan Colombia: ʔaabəkaynə. *Chibchan forms are *'gua- and *'gi. See Language page
Northern Emberá ha'ra- (IDS) ha'ra- (IDS) See Language page
Epena hara- See Language page
Guayabero hum-ˀáeʧ inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page
Macaguan ʧipép inheritance Central+Macaguan subgroup See Language page
Cuiva humíʧi, páeba, namchi, kueikuéihei decir, say Huber & Reed 1992:291
Playero na-ʧi-péba See Language page
Cofán suye sɯjɛ phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra táamaama táamaama unique See Language page
Páez cyã´jĩ- kyãxĩ- See Language page
Tikuna i4na2chi2 (A58) inatʃi unique See Language page
Urarina ajto ajto unique See Language page
Camsa xajanána xajanána See Language page
Andoke kǝ̃ kǝ̃ unique See Language page
Pumé yõ See Language page
Ashuar títin titin See Language page
Huambisa titasa, tamu, tuta titasa, tamu, tuta See Language page
Aguaruna tút(a) tút(a) inheritance See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect nǝ:, nǝŋ inheritance See Language page
Matses que ke inheritance See Language page
Kakataibo ka-ti [v.a.], ki-ti [v.n.] 'to say'. ɲui-ti 'to say, explain, relate, confess'. ɲoi- 'to say, speak'. See Language page
Katukina i- See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo i̯; hue See Language page
Yaminahua yõ See Language page
Chácobo i-; i-kina i-; i-kina inheritance See Language page
Yagua htay htaj unique See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua nina, rimana nina, ɾimana See Language page
Ingá nii nii See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua rimana, nina ɾimana, nina See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano niy nij See Language page
Piaroa péɨh, pEɨ'ɨh, pEéɨh, pe'ɨh péɨh, pæɨɁɨh, pæéɨh, peɁɨh unknown See Language page
Sáliva ajajaha, pajajaha ahahaʔa, pahahaʔa unknown See Language page
Bará ĩ'ĭ́- See Language page
Barasano ji- ji- See Language page
Carapana jĩ́ĩ́- jĩ́ĩ́- See Language page
Makuna ji- ji- inheritance See Language page
Yuruti íi- íi- See Language page
Waikhana dĩ- dĩ- See Language page
Siriano ãrĩ́-rí ãrĩ́-rí See Language page
Tanimuca ãrĩ-ri-ka ãrĩ-ri-ka inheritance See Language page
Tatuyo iĩ- iĩ- See Language page
Tuyuka hĩ'ĩ́- hĩ'ĩ́- See Language page
Waimaja ĩ'ĩ́- ĩ'ĩ́- See Language page
Koreguaje chiimʉ, i'kamʉ dʒiimʉ, iʔkamʉ inheritance See Language page
Siona ka-hi, 'kɨa-hi ka-hi, 'kɨa-hi doubtful loan Carib, e.g. Carijona? See Language page
Secoya ka-je, 'kɨa-je ka-je, 'kɨa-je See Language page
Kokama kumitsa kumitsa unique See Language page
Wayampi yoi-kĩ joi-kĩ inheritance See Language page
Aché naʔã inheritance See Language page
Chiriguano -e; -i inheritance See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní e; i; ǰe See Language page
Sirionó po-; i̯; hueereko (P85) i̯; hue (P85) inheritance See Language page
Kamayurá ˀe ˀe inheritance See Language page
Ocaina uun, aan ɯ̃ɯ̃, ããn unknown See Language page
Wari tomiʔ šoʔ tomiʔ ʃoʔ Means 'say correctly'. See Language page
Araona a *Tacn form is *a-. See Language page
Ese Ejja po-a-; a-ka- inheritance See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo a-kwe, a-ka- (Girard 1971); po-a- (Girard 1971) a-kwe, a-ka-; po-a- See Language page
Cavineña a-ya; kʷeha-ya (a-ya also means "to do" or "to make") a-ya; kʷeha-ya inheritance See Language page
Central Aymara saña sa-ɲa See Language page
Cayuvava a-bæ ~ βæ; βei; dɔ See Language page
Itonama o-sine See Language page
Kwazá ute-, ta-, jã- ute-, ta-, jã- See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané he'yaki See Language page
Movima han-kʷa han-kʷa See Language page
Trumai (ha) ami (ha) ami unique See Language page
Kaingang tò, he, ke tɔ; he; ke See Language page
Canela -hõm-pu; pu-pun *Jê form is *-mu; *muɲ. See Language page
Suyá neĵ neĵ See Language page
Djeoromitxi hubä hubǝ See Language page
Chipaya kʰi- See Language page
Mocoví y-aʔʁat See Language page
Pilagá y-ʔaʁat; ʔ-en-aak See Language page
Toba i-ʔaʁat See Language page
Lengua #NAME? See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité aptahak; antahak See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet nenɬaanma; nentemeem See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay i-hʷeɬ Also yo'mey. See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja -wokitee ~ -yokitee See Language page
Maca #NAME? See Language page
Nivaclé -tˀeš say https://ids.clld.org/
Ayoreo ikate'karẽʔ; ikate'karĩ See Language page
Mapudungun feypi Ranquel form is pi-. See Language page
Qawasqar ese-tel Also Ag records ase-lay. See Language page
Selknam yer; ʔàr See Language page
Tehuelche 'ey-; 'aʔla- The latter refers to a taboo prohibition. See Language page
Lokono akan akan say Pet 1987:370
Kariña ka ka say Yamada 2010:745