Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

say

Semantic Field: mental
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: decir
Meaning Portuguese: dizer

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Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Loan Source	General Notes	Source
Achagua	máiri	máiri		inheritance			See Language page
Aché		naʔã		inheritance			See Language page
Aguaruna	tút(a)	tút(a)		inheritance			See Language page
Akawaio	ta	ta		unknown			See Language page
Andoke	kǝ̃	kǝ̃		unique			See Language page
Apalai	kary	karɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Arabana	jeninta			inheritance
Araona		a				Tacn form is a-.	See Language page
Ashuar	títin	titin					See Language page
Ayoreo		ikate'karẽʔ; ikate'karĩ					See Language page
Bankalachi Toloim	alā>wi (K1907 “speak”)			inheritance
Barasano	ji-	ji-					See Language page
Bardi	ar	ar		inheritance
Bará		ĩ'ĭ́-					See Language page
Barí		iibaḳan				Colombia: ʔaabəkaynə. Chibchan forms are 'gua- and *'gi.	See Language page
Baure	'k-ičo	k-itʃo		inheritance			See Language page
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone	missing			missing
Bora	neé (T98)	neé		inheritance			See Language page
Bunuba	ra, wurla			unique
Burarra	wengga			inheritance
Cahuilla	-yax- H150			inheritance			S&H 1979
Camsa	xajanána	xajanána					See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra	táamaama	táamaama		unique			See Language page
Canela		-hõm-pu; pu-pun				Jê form is -mu; *muɲ.	See Language page
Carapana	jĩ́ĩ́-	jĩ́ĩ́-					See Language page
Carijona	ka (M2000)			inheritance			See Language page
Cavineña	a-ya; kʷeha-ya (a-ya also means "to do" or "to make")	a-ya; kʷeha-ya		inheritance			See Language page
Cayuvava		a-bæ ~ βæ; βei; dɔ					See Language page
Central Aymara	saña	sa-ɲa					See Language page
Central Sierra Miwok	ka/ch:y-			inheritance
Cha'palaa		'ti-nu; 'c̷an-'di-nu				Lit. 'so-say'.	See Language page
Chemehuevi	mai			inheritance
Chipaya		kʰi-					See Language page
Chiriguano		-e; -i		inheritance			See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja		-wokitee ~ -yokitee					See Language page
Chumash Barbareno	7ip			inheritance			Klar 1977:109
Chumash Cruzeno	7i			inheritance			Klar 1977:109
Chumash Ineseno	7ip			inheritance			Klar 1977:109
Chumash Obispeno	7ipi			inheritance			Klar 1977:109
Chumash Ventureno	ipi B67:14, yp “di” B67:16			inheritance
Chácobo	i-; i-kina	i-; i-kina		inheritance			See Language page
Cocopa	7i:			inheritance
Cofán	suye	sɯjɛ				phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS	See Language page
Comanche	ty7awe			inheritance			Charney 1993
Cubeo	a-'jɨ́-	a-'jɨ́-		inheritance			See Language page
Cuiva		humíʧi, páeba, namchi, kueikuéihei	decir, say				Huber & Reed 1992:291
Cupeño	yax-0	[ˈyax], [yəx]		inheritance
Desano	ã'rĩ́-	ã'rĩ́-		inheritance			See Language page
Dhangu	wäŋa			inheritance
Dhuwal	wanga_x001E_
Dhuwala	ŋayawurkthun			unknown
Diyari	jatanta			unique
DiyariREU	[missing]			missing
Djambarrpuyngu	[missing]			missing
Djapu	wanga_x001E_
Djeoromitxi	hubä	hubǝ					See Language page
Djinang	wangidji			inheritance
Dâw	nãà	nã̂		inheritance			See Language page
Epena		hara-					See Language page
Ese Ejja		po-a-; a-ka-		inheritance			See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo	a-kwe, a-ka- (Girard 1971); po-a- (Girard 1971)	a-kwe, a-ka-; po-a-					See Language page
Esselen	al-pa “speak”			unknown			Shaul 1995:199
Gabrielino	pa:ri-			unknown
Gajirrabeng	yirrg			unique
Gooniyandi	jag-			unique
Guayabero		hum-ˀáeʧ		inheritance	Proto-Guahiban		See Language page
Gupapuyngu	ŋayawurkthun			inheritance
Gurindji	ma-			inheritance
Hodï	ũtɨ			missing			See Language page
Huambisa	titasa, tamu, tuta	titasa, tamu, tuta					See Language page
Hup	nɔ-	~dɔ-		inheritance			See Language page
Ignaciano		-kaʔe; -'iča; -metaka					See Language page
Iipay 'Aa	wii	[wiˑ]		inheritance
Ingá	nii	nii					See Language page
Itonama		o-sine					See Language page
Jabirr-Jabirr	ma-djen	ma-jen		inheritance
Jaru	ma-			inheritance
Kabiyari	íma	íma					See Language page
Kaingang	tò, he, ke	tɔ; he; ke					See Language page
Kakataibo		ka-ti				[v.a.], ki-ti [v.n.] 'to say'. ɲui-ti 'to say, explain, relate, confess'. ɲoi- 'to say, speak'.	See Language page
Kakua		nih		doubtful loan (into proto-language?)	Tukanoan, e.g. Tukano nii 'say'; see also Quechua		See Language page
Kalapalo	ki-	ki-		inheritance			See Language page
Kamayurá	ˀe	ˀe		inheritance			See Language page
Karajarri	yintanpa (1)			inheritance
Kariña	ka	ka	say				Yamada 2010:745
Katukina		i-					See Language page
Kawaiisu	mee-			inheritance
Kija	jarrak			unique
Kiliwa	7ii, 7ii-t			inheritance
Kitanemuk	hak			loan direction unknown
Kokama	kumitsa	kumitsa		unique			See Language page
Koreguaje	chiimʉ, i'kamʉ	dʒiimʉ, iʔkamʉ		inheritance			See Language page
Kotiria	dĩ-	dĩ-		inheritance			See Language page
Kwazá	ute-, ta-, jã-	ute-, ta-, jã-					See Language page
Lake Miwok	li/law-			unknown
Lengua		#NAME?					See Language page
Lokono	akan	akan	say				Pet 1987:370
Luiseño	ya-			inheritance
Maca		#NAME?					See Language page
Macaguan		ʧipép		inheritance	Central+Macaguan subgroup		See Language page
Maidu	ma/\j			unknown
Maihiki	quɨayi, iyi, jɨcayi	kɨaji, ĩji, xɨ̃kaji		inheritance?			See Language page
Makuna	ji-	ji-		inheritance			See Language page
Malyangapa	[missing]			missing
Mangala	marrarra!, marra-			unknown
Mapudungun		feypi				Ranquel form is pi-.	See Language page
Matses	que	ke		inheritance			See Language page
Miriwung	wurla			loan	Ngarinyin
Mithaka	paRingandakuli			unique
Mocoví		y-aʔʁat					See Language page
Mojave	i'ii=, i=			inheritance
Mosetén-Chimané		he'yaki					See Language page
Movima	han-kʷa	han-kʷa					See Language page
Mudburra	yurr (ku-ya)
Mudburra	ma-			inheritance
Muinane	néehi, jɨ́ɨ́béguehi (W97)	néeʔi, xɨ́ɨ́bégueʔi					See Language page
Muisca	zegusqua	tʂeγuskua					See Language page
Mutsun	kuwa, ko:- “to say”			unknown			O77:203
Nadëb/Roçado dialect		nǝ:, nǝŋ		inheritance			See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua	rimana, nina	ɾimana, nina					See Language page
Ngamini	yata			inheritance
Ngandi	yima			inheritance
Ngarluma	wangka(-gu)
Nheengatu	yẽ'ẽ	jẽʔẽ		inheritance			See Language page
Nhirrpi	gawagawa			unique
Nimanburru	ma-djen	ma-jen		inheritance
Ninam	kɨ	kɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Nisenan	ha-,			inheritance
Nivaclé		-tˀeš	say				https://ids.clld.org/
Northern Emberá	ha'ra- (IDS)	ha'ra- (IDS)					See Language page
Northern Mangarla	mininy-pu
Northern Nyangumarta	wurrana- (V2)
Northern Paiute	yni “say”			inheritance			SAA 1982:64
Northern Sierra Miwok	kac:yksy-			inheritance
Nukak		niih2		doubtful loan (into proto-language?)	Tukanoan, e.g. Tukano nii 'say'; see also Quechua		See Language page
Nyangumarta	muwarr
Nyikina	-I-	-I-		inheritance
Nyulnyul	mad@ian	majan		inheritance
Ocaina	uun, aan	ɯ̃ɯ̃, ããn		unknown			See Language page
Paakantyi	gulba-			unique
Paraguayan Guaraní		e; i; ǰe					See Language page
Paresi	nexa	neʃa		doubtful loan, direction unknown	Je, cf. Suya		See Language page
Piapoco	íma	íma					See Language page
Piaroa	péɨh, pEɨ'ɨh, pEéɨh, pe'ɨh	péɨh, pæɨɁɨh, pæéɨh, peɁɨh		unknown			See Language page
Pilagá		y-ʔaʁat; ʔ-en-aak					See Language page
Pirriya	thapaangu			unique
Pitta-Pitta	tharupali			inheritance
Plains Miwok	kac:y-			inheritance
Playero		na-ʧi-péba					See Language page
Pumé	yõ						See Language page
Páez	cyã´jĩ-	kyãxĩ-					See Language page
Qawasqar		ese-tel				Also Ag records ase-lay.	See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano	niy	nij					See Language page
Rirratjingu	wa:ŋa
Ritharrngu	wanga			inheritance
Salinan A	*ho'yi7 (A) “say”			unknown
Salinan M	he/k'a' 'tell, say'			unknown			Mason 1918:140
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité		aptahak; antahak					See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet		nenɬaanma; nentemeem					See Language page
Sanumá	ku	ku		inheritance			See Language page
Secoya	ka-je, 'kɨa-je	ka-je, 'kɨa-je					See Language page
Selknam		yer; ʔàr					See Language page
Seri (Comcaac)	quee			unknown
Serrano	qy-i			inheritance
Shipibo-Konibo		i̯; hue					See Language page
Sikuani		humáitsi, tsipáeba, -hái, al fin de la cita (at the end of a quote)		inheritance			See Language page
Siona	ka-hi, 'kɨa-hi	ka-hi, 'kɨa-hi		doubtful loan	Carib, e.g. Carijona?		See Language page
Siriano	ãrĩ́-rí	ãrĩ́-rí					See Language page
Sirionó	po-; i̯; hueereko (P85)	i̯; hue (P85)		inheritance			See Language page
Southern Paiute	ai-S “to say, to make a sound”			inheritance
Southern Pastaza Quechua	nina, rimana	nina, ɾimana					See Language page
Southern Sierra Miwok	kac:-			inheritance
Southern Ute	mai, maa, maikH			inheritance
Suyá	neĵ	neĵ					See Language page
Sáliva	ajajaha, pajajaha	ahahaʔa, pahahaʔa		unknown			See Language page
Tanimuca	ãrĩ-ri-ka	ãrĩ-ri-ka		inheritance			See Language page
Tatuyo	iĩ-	iĩ-					See Language page
Tehuelche		'ey-; 'aʔla-				The latter refers to a taboo prohibition.	See Language page
Tikuna	i4na2chi2 (A58)	inatʃi		unique			See Language page
Tiriyó	ka	ka		inheritance			See Language page
Toba		i-ʔaʁat					See Language page
Trinitario		-koʔe; -hičo					See Language page
Trumai	(ha) ami	(ha) ami		unique			See Language page
Tukano	dĩ-	dĩ-		inheritance			See Language page
Tuyuka	hĩ'ĩ́-	hĩ'ĩ́-					See Language page
Tübatulabal	ky-t			inheritance
Tümpisa Shoshone	jykwi”			inheritance
Urarina	ajto	ajto		unique			See Language page
Waikhana	dĩ-	dĩ-					See Language page
Waimaja	ĩ'ĩ́-	ĩ'ĩ́-					See Language page
Waimiri Atroari	kak	kak					See Language page
Walmajarri	ma-			inheritance
Wangkayutyuru	tharupadi-			inheritance
Waorani	ã			missing			See Language page
Wapishana	kʰia-n	kʰia-n		unknown			See Language page
Wappo	ca/u:si7			unknown
Wari	tomiʔ šoʔ	tomiʔ ʃoʔ				Means 'say correctly'.	See Language page
Washo	i/d			unknown			J309
Waurá	um-; aakata	um-; aakata		inheritance?; unknown			See Language page
Wayampi	yoi-kĩ	joi-kĩ		inheritance			See Language page
Wayana	ka	ka		inheritance			See Language page
Wayuu		maa					See Language page
Western Mono	inee- “say, tell”			inheritance
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay		i-hʷeɬ				Also yo'mey.	See Language page
Wintu	ti:n “talk, say, scold”			unknown
Wubuy	yama			inheritance
Yagua	htay	htaj		unique			See Language page
Yaminahua		yõ					See Language page
Yan-nhangu	gumurk'thun			inheritance
Yandruwandha	yandha, ngana			inheritance
Yanomam	ku	ku		inheritance			See Language page
Yanomami		kuu		inheritance			See Language page
Yarluyandi	yani-			inheritance
Yavapai	?i/			inheritance
Yavitero	ma	ma					See Language page
Yawarrawarrka	ngampari			unique
Yawuru	ma-djon	ma-jon		inheritance
Yokuts Palewyami	xai-si “talk” K 1963			inheritance			K1963
Yokuts Yawdanchi	wid 253			inheritance			K07:253
Yokuts Yowlumne	wiye:, wiyi			inheritance			N1944:31, N1964
Yuhup	nɔ	~dɔ		inheritance			See Language page
Yuki	7i:m, 7e:m			inheritance			S&S 1984
Yukuna	mí-	mí-		inheritance?			See Language page
Yuma	a7i/, a7e “to say” H2:150 a7i:m “he says”			inheritance
Yuruti	íi-	íi-					See Language page


Achagua
Aché
Aguaruna
Akawaio
Andoke
Apalai
Arabana
Araona
Ashuar
Ayoreo
Bankalachi Toloim
Barasano
Bardi
Bará
Barí
Baure
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Bora
Bunuba
Burarra
Cahuilla
Camsa
Candoshi-Shapra
Canela
Carapana
Carijona
Cavineña
Cayuvava
Central Aymara
Central Sierra Miwok
Cha'palaa
Chemehuevi
Chipaya
Chiriguano
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Cruzeno
Chumash Ineseno
Chumash Obispeno
Chumash Ventureno
Chácobo
Cocopa
Cofán
Comanche
Cubeo
Cuiva
Cupeño
Desano
Dhangu
Dhuwal
Dhuwala
Diyari
DiyariREU
Djambarrpuyngu
Djapu
Djeoromitxi
Djinang
Dâw
Epena
Ese Ejja
Ese Ejja/Huarayo
Esselen
Gabrielino
Gajirrabeng
Gooniyandi
Guayabero
Gupapuyngu
Gurindji
Hodï
Huambisa
Hup
Ignaciano
Iipay 'Aa
Ingá
Itonama
Jabirr-Jabirr
Jaru
Kabiyari
Kaingang
Kakataibo
Kakua
Kalapalo
Kamayurá
Karajarri
Kariña
Katukina
Kawaiisu
Kija
Kiliwa
Kitanemuk
Kokama
Koreguaje
Kotiria
Kwazá
Lake Miwok
Lengua
Lokono
Luiseño
Maca
Macaguan
Maidu
Maihiki
Makuna
Malyangapa
Mangala
Mapudungun
Matses
Miriwung
Mithaka
Mocoví
Mojave
Mosetén-Chimané
Movima
Mudburra
Mudburra
Muinane
Muisca
Mutsun
Nadëb/Roçado dialect
Napo Lowland Quichua
Ngamini
Ngandi
Ngarluma
Nheengatu
Nhirrpi
Nimanburru
Ninam
Nisenan
Nivaclé
Northern Emberá
Northern Mangarla
Northern Nyangumarta
Northern Paiute
Northern Sierra Miwok
Nukak
Nyangumarta
Nyikina
Nyulnyul
Ocaina
Paakantyi
Paraguayan Guaraní
Paresi
Piapoco
Piaroa
Pilagá
Pirriya
Pitta-Pitta
Plains Miwok
Playero
Pumé
Páez
Qawasqar
Quechua Ayacuchano
Rirratjingu
Ritharrngu
Salinan A
Salinan M
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet
Sanumá
Secoya
Selknam
Seri (Comcaac)
Serrano
Shipibo-Konibo
Sikuani
Siona
Siriano
Sirionó
Southern Paiute
Southern Pastaza Quechua
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Ute
Suyá
Sáliva
Tanimuca
Tatuyo
Tehuelche
Tikuna
Tiriyó
Toba
Trinitario
Trumai
Tukano
Tuyuka
Tübatulabal
Tümpisa Shoshone
Urarina
Waikhana
Waimaja
Waimiri Atroari
Walmajarri
Wangkayutyuru
Waorani
Wapishana
Wappo
Wari
Washo
Waurá
Wayampi
Wayana
Wayuu
Western Mono
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay
Wintu
Wubuy
Yagua
Yaminahua
Yan-nhangu
Yandruwandha
Yanomam
Yanomami
Yarluyandi
Yavapai
Yavitero
Yawarrawarrka
Yawuru
Yokuts Palewyami
Yokuts Yawdanchi
Yokuts Yowlumne
Yuhup
Yuki
Yukuna
Yuma
Yuruti

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