Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

road/path

Semantic Field: manufacture
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: camino
Meaning Portuguese: caminho

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Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Loan Source	General Notes	Source
Achagua	iníhba, jáhbaa (h&r)	iníhba, jáhbaa (h&r)		inheritance			See Language page
Aché		ape		inheritance			See Language page
Aguaruna	jínta	xínta		inheritance			See Language page
Akawaio	ekma	ɛʔma		inheritance	Proto-Carib		See Language page
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect	eʔma	eʔma					See Language page
Andoke	deibǝ̃́(üh) (RW52)			unique			See Language page
Apalai	sorohme	sorohme		inheritance			See Language page
Arabana	wati-			unique
Araona		dizi				Tacn form is edići.	See Language page
Arutani	aʔma	aʔma					See Language page
Ashuar	jínta, jíntía	xinta, xintia					See Language page
Ayoreo		gaa'bi; pii'hooi				The latter is an animal path. A 'cart trail' is yu'pidi.	See Language page
Baniwa	inípo, -aapówa, -aapowánaa	inípo, -aapówa, -aapowánaa		inheritance			See Language page
Bankalachi Toloim	pawt' 207; po>t (K1907)			inheritance
Barasano	~ba	~ba					See Language page
Bardi	morr XXngl this should go back to \|fv{magurr}.	morr		inheritance
Bará		bã'ã					See Language page
Baure	šo-'no-; ša'no-ki	ʃo-'no-; ʃa'no-ki		inheritance			See Language page
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone	po7ai			inheritance
Bora	xïḯβa	xɯɯ́βa		inheritance			See Language page
Bunuba	[missing]			missing
Burarra	guburda			unknown
Cahuilla	pit			inheritance			S&H 1979
Camsa	benátʃe	benátʃe					See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra	tovĩtamá	tompĩtamá		unique			See Language page
Carapana	maa	maa					See Language page
Carijona	esema			inheritance			See Language page
Cavineña	edihi; e-kari (edihi is "road", e-kari is "path")	edihi; e-kari		inheritance			See Language page
Cayuvava		nanaka					See Language page
Central Aymara	thaki	tʰakʰi					See Language page
Central Sierra Miwok	muk:u-			inheritance
Cha'palaa		'tuuča					See Language page
Chemehuevi	po7(o)/			inheritance
Chipaya		xikš					See Language page
Chiriguano		t-ape i-pɨraɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja		nayi					See Language page
Chumash Barbareno	ch'alayash			unknown			Mithun 1997:225
Chumash Ineseno	ch'ayash			inheritance			A 183
Chumash Obispeno	kLhina, qLhina 0118L, tLhina 0247			unknown			JPH
Chumash Ventureno	7al-ijash			unknown			JPH
Chácobo	βaʔi	βaʔi		inheritance			See Language page
Cocopa	wanya/			inheritance
Cofán	tsai'qui	tsaiʔki				phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS	See Language page
Comanche	pu7E			inheritance
Cubeo	cainima, ma (general terms), cuima, daima, nʉima	kainima, ma (generar terms), kuima, daima, nɨima		inheritance			See Language page
Cuiva		námto, náunto	camino, sendero, trocha, path, trail				Huber & Reed 1992:85
Cupeño	pi-t	[pɪt]		inheritance
Desano	maha	ma ʔa		inheritance			See Language page
Dhangu	dhuka			inheritance
Dhuwal	dhukarr			inheritance
Dhuwala	[missing]			missing
Diyari	palthu			inheritance
DiyariREU	[missing]			missing
Djambarrpuyngu	dhukarr			inheritance
Djapu	dhukarr			inheritance
Djeoromitxi	wikü	wikø					See Language page
Djinang	gadjigarr			unknown
Dâw	tʉʉ̀w	tɨ̂w		inheritance			See Language page
Epena		o				Cf. 'neck' 04.280.	See Language page
Ese Ejja		exioxi		unique			See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo	e-heo-xi	e-heo-xi					See Language page
Eñepa	čɨma	tʃɨma		inheritance			See Language page
Gabrielino	pet' /pet/			inheritance			CHM/MC249
Gajirrabeng	banan			inheritance
Gooniyandi	baali
Guayabero		nɨam-t		inheritance	Proto-Guahiban		See Language page
Gupapuyngu	dhukarr			inheritance
Gurindji	warntarri			inheritance
Hodï	mana			doubtful loan	Saliva; possible inheritance?		See Language page
Huambisa	jinta	xinta					See Language page
Hup	tǐw	tǐw		inheritance			See Language page
Ignaciano		ačene; isawikureka					See Language page
Iipay 'Aa	'uunyaa	[Ɂuˑ˅ˈɲaˑ]		inheritance
Ingá	ñambi	ñambi					See Language page
Iquito	amáquɨ (path made by clearing plants); niícu-	amákɨ (path made by clearing plants); niíku-		unique; inheritance			See Language page
Itonama		uʔ-wasda					See Language page
Jabirr-Jabirr	makarr	makarr		inheritance
Jaru	warndarri			inheritance
Jawi	maur	mawurr		inheritance
Kabiyari	apú-há, jóopu, ajápú	apú-há, jóopu, ajápú					See Language page
Kaingang	ẽmĩn	ʔɛ̃prɨ sĩ					See Language page
Kakataibo		βai				Panoan βaʔi.	See Language page
Kakua		namǎ		inheritance			See Language page
Kalapalo	aña	aña		unique			See Language page
Kamayurá	ape, tape	ape, tape		inheritance			See Language page
Karajarri	makurr			loan
Karajá		rɨ				Also means 'mouth' 04.240.	See Language page
Kariña	oma	oma	path, road				Courtz 2007:328
Karitiana	pa, ky´op	pa, kɨʔop		inheritance			See Language page
Katukina		βaʔi					See Language page
Kawaiisu	too-vy, tovo-vy			inheritance
Kija	panan-			inheritance
Kiliwa	wnya7			inheritance
Kitanemuk	pokt			inheritance
Kokama	pe, pecuara	pe, pekuaɾa		inheritance			See Language page
Koreguaje	ma'a	maʔa		inheritance			See Language page
Kotiria	~ba'a	~baʔa		inheritance	E-W Tuk		See Language page
Kwazá	txahỹ	txahỹ					See Language page
Lake Miwok	mu/k “trail, road”			inheritance
Lengua		amai e-tkuk					See Language page
Lokono	waboroko	waboɾoko	road				Pet 1987:369
Luiseño	pe-t			inheritance
Maca		#NAME?					See Language page
Macaguan	namút	namút		inheritance	Proto-Guahiban		See Language page
Maidu	bo/			inheritance
Maihiki	ma ja	ma xã		inheritance			See Language page
Makiritare	ə̄ma (IDS); ö:ma (KH) (means 'road, route, path')	ə:ma		inheritance			See Language page
Makuna	~ba	~ba		inheritance			See Language page
Makushi	eréétɨ	eréétɨ		unknown			See Language page
Malyangapa	Mal: parlkarra			unique
Mandawaka	iwáhu, éːmuhu	iwáhu, éːmuhu					See Language page
Mangala	makurr			loan	Nyulnyulan
Mapoyo	eema	eema					See Language page
Mapudungun		rupa-peyɨm				Ranquel form is piči rɨpɨ.	See Language page
Matses	podquied	podkied		unknown			See Language page
Minica Witoto	í.o, dḯro-ɸe	í.o, dɯ́ro-ɸɛ					See Language page
Miriwung	banan			inheritance
Mithaka	[missing]			missing
Mocoví		lʸ-ik					See Language page
Mojave	7av'unye			inheritance
Mosetén-Chimané		'mahmi					See Language page
Movima	pai-towa	pai-towa					See Language page
Mudburra	wurrumu
Mudburra	wurrumu			inheritance
Muinane	xɨ́ɨ́-ʔai	xɨ́ɨ́-ʔai					See Language page
Muisca	ie	ie					See Language page
Murui Witoto	na.ïθo	na.ɯθo		inheritance			See Language page
Mutsun	7innu, 7innuh “door; road”			inheritance			O77:51
Máku	i:kilu	i:kilu					See Language page
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect		tɨːw					See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect		tɨːw		inheritance			See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua	ñambi	ɲambi					See Language page
Ngamini	wadayapa			unique
Ngarluma	yirdiya
Ngumbarl	maggoor	<maggoor>		inheritance
Nheengatu	pé	pé		inheritance			See Language page
Nhirrpi	[missing]			missing
Nimanburru	magar	makar		inheritance
Ninam	pili-yo	pili-jo		inheritance			See Language page
Nisenan	bo:			inheritance
Nivaclé		ɬuyiš	path				https://ids.clld.org/
Northern Emberá	trócha, ó	trótʃa, ó					See Language page
Northern Mangarla	makurr			loan
Northern Nyangumarta	ruwurtu			loan
Northern Paiute	[pOO “trail”			inheritance			Thornes 03:33
Northern Sierra Miwok	muk:u-			inheritance
Nukak		nama2		inheritance			See Language page
Nyangumarta	rutu			loan
Nyikina	magurr	makurr		inheritance
Nyulnyul	magarr [magar]	makarr [makar]		inheritance
Nɨpode Witoto	í.o, dḯro-pe	í.o, dɯ́ro-pɛ					See Language page
Ocaina	naajon, tóvuhtya	naahõ, tóβɯʔtʲa		inheritance; unique			See Language page
Paakantyi	yaṇga			unique
Paraguayan Guaraní		tape; t-ape-poʔi					See Language page
Paresi	ahotita, ahotyaho	ahotita, ahotyaho		inheritance			See Language page
Pemon	eima (A1981); e'ma (M2000)	eima (A1981)		inheritance			See Language page
Piapoco	àyapu	àjapu					See Language page
Piaroa	mänä	mæ̃næ̃		inheritance			See Language page
Pilagá		n-adik					See Language page
Pirriya	kunjulu
Pitta-Pitta	pirrhapampu			unique
Plains Miwok	muk, mu:k			inheritance
Puinave	dɨk; -hɨi-dɨ	dɨk; -hɨi-dɨ		unique			See Language page
Pumé	nõ						See Language page
Páez	di	di					See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano	ñan	ɲan					See Language page
Resígaro	aǰápó, éhuúhí	adʒápó, éhuúhí		inheritance			See Language page
Rirratjingu	dhuka			inheritance
Ritharrngu	dhukarr			inheritance
Salinan A	Ta:ke/' (A), “road”			unknown
Salinan M	take/'			unknown			Mason 1918:133
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité		amai					See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet		aamay ˀyetkok; entamnek					See Language page
Sanumá	pilitso	pilitso		inheritance			See Language page
Sape	mu	mu					See Language page
Secoya	ma'a	mãʔ'ã					See Language page
Seri (Comcaac)	haaho			unknown
Serrano	pO:q-t			inheritance
Shipibo-Konibo		hɨma					See Language page
Sikuani		námu-to		inheritance			See Language page
Siona	ma'a	maʔa		inheritance			See Language page
Siriano	maá	maá					See Language page
Sirionó	ei̯ča	ei̯ča		unique			See Language page
Southern Paiute	po:-			inheritance
Southern Pastaza Quechua	ñambi	ɲambi					See Language page
Southern Sierra Miwok	muk:u-			inheritance
Southern Ute	po”o”			inheritance
Suyá	yɨ	jɨ					See Language page
Sáliva	maana	maːna		inheritance			See Language page
Tacana		ediď̶i					See Language page
Tanimuca	bãʔ'ã	bãʔ'ã		inheritance			See Language page
Tariana	hinípu	hinípu		inheritance			See Language page
Tatuyo	bãã	bãã					See Language page
Taushiro	a´tu	aʔtu					See Language page
Tikuna	[-mã] (nominal root)	[-mã] (nominal root)		doubtful loan	Tukanoan		See Language page
Tiriyó	ëema	ǝema		inheritance			See Language page
Toba		lʸ-ik					See Language page
Trumai	tsiuel (path)	tsiuel (path)		unique			See Language page
Tukano	ma'á	ma'á		inheritance	E-W Tuk		See Language page
Tuyuka	bã'ã	bãʔã					See Language page
Tübatulabal	poht, pooht			inheritance
Tümpisa Shoshone	po7e			inheritance
Urarina	beru	beru		unique			See Language page
Wai Wai	esama	esama		inheritance			See Language page
Waikhana	bã'ʔã	bã'ʔã					See Language page
Waimaja	mà	mà					See Language page
Walmajarri	warntarri			inheritance
Wangkayutyuru	thinkada			unique
Waorani	taa-dõ			unique			See Language page
Wapishana	dɨnapʰu-saˀba	dɨnapʰu-saˀba		inheritance	Proto-Arawak		See Language page
Wappo	mi/cH			inheritance
Wari	wana (wanayišiʔ)	wana (wanajiʃiʔ)					See Language page
Washo	yéweš			unknown			Washo Project
Waurá	ahɨ-napu	ahɨ-napu		inheritance			See Language page
Wayampi	pɛɛ	pɛɛ		inheritance			See Language page
Wayana	ehema	ehema		inheritance			See Language page
Western Mono	nyy/my/boyo “path”, po/yo “road”			inheritance
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay		to-tuy'nek					See Language page
Wintu	jemer			inheritance
Yabarana		a'tima					See Language page
Yagua	mantya	mãntja		unique			See Language page
Yaminahua		βai					See Language page
Yan-nhangu	dhukarr			inheritance
Yandruwandha	palthu			inheritance
Yanomam	piriyo	pirijo		inheritance			See Language page
Yanomami	pei yo; pei yoka, [karo] a no mãyõ (road), ihirãkɨ (bridge)	pei jo; pei joka, [kaɾo] a no mãjõ (road), ihiɾãkɨ (bridge)		inheritance			See Language page
Yarluyandi	[missing]			missing
Yavapai	?nya/ “road, path”			inheritance
Yavitero	ta'nehu	taʔnehu					See Language page
Yawarrawarrka	tidnapalto			unique
Yawuru	magurr	makurr		inheritance
Yine		hapo				Piro-Apuriná form is ha'po-rɨ.	See Language page
Yokuts Palewyami	pHi7el'			loan into protolanguage			JPH Gamble 91
Yokuts Yawdanchi	pHi:t			loan into protolanguage			K07:239, G64
Yokuts Yowlumne	pHil			loan into protolanguage, direction unknown			Golla 1964
Yuhup	tîw	tîw		inheritance			See Language page
Yuki	mi:sh, mesh, mish, me:sh			inheritance			S&S 1984
Yukpa	ejéneri	o'sema					See Language page
Yukuna	iñe'epú	iɲeʔepú		inheritance			See Language page
Yuma	7u:nye/ H3:212			inheritance
Yuruti	bã́ã	bã́ã					See Language page
Záparo	nu	nu					See Language page


Achagua
Aché
Aguaruna
Akawaio
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect
Andoke
Apalai
Arabana
Araona
Arutani
Ashuar
Ayoreo
Baniwa
Bankalachi Toloim
Barasano
Bardi
Bará
Baure
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Bora
Bunuba
Burarra
Cahuilla
Camsa
Candoshi-Shapra
Carapana
Carijona
Cavineña
Cayuvava
Central Aymara
Central Sierra Miwok
Cha'palaa
Chemehuevi
Chipaya
Chiriguano
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Ineseno
Chumash Obispeno
Chumash Ventureno
Chácobo
Cocopa
Cofán
Comanche
Cubeo
Cuiva
Cupeño
Desano
Dhangu
Dhuwal
Dhuwala
Diyari
DiyariREU
Djambarrpuyngu
Djapu
Djeoromitxi
Djinang
Dâw
Epena
Ese Ejja
Ese Ejja/Huarayo
Eñepa
Gabrielino
Gajirrabeng
Gooniyandi
Guayabero
Gupapuyngu
Gurindji
Hodï
Huambisa
Hup
Ignaciano
Iipay 'Aa
Ingá
Iquito
Itonama
Jabirr-Jabirr
Jaru
Jawi
Kabiyari
Kaingang
Kakataibo
Kakua
Kalapalo
Kamayurá
Karajarri
Karajá
Kariña
Karitiana
Katukina
Kawaiisu
Kija
Kiliwa
Kitanemuk
Kokama
Koreguaje
Kotiria
Kwazá
Lake Miwok
Lengua
Lokono
Luiseño
Maca
Macaguan
Maidu
Maihiki
Makiritare
Makuna
Makushi
Malyangapa
Mandawaka
Mangala
Mapoyo
Mapudungun
Matses
Minica Witoto
Miriwung
Mithaka
Mocoví
Mojave
Mosetén-Chimané
Movima
Mudburra
Mudburra
Muinane
Muisca
Murui Witoto
Mutsun
Máku
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect
Nadëb/Roçado dialect
Napo Lowland Quichua
Ngamini
Ngarluma
Ngumbarl
Nheengatu
Nhirrpi
Nimanburru
Ninam
Nisenan
Nivaclé
Northern Emberá
Northern Mangarla
Northern Nyangumarta
Northern Paiute
Northern Sierra Miwok
Nukak
Nyangumarta
Nyikina
Nyulnyul
Nɨpode Witoto
Ocaina
Paakantyi
Paraguayan Guaraní
Paresi
Pemon
Piapoco
Piaroa
Pilagá
Pirriya
Pitta-Pitta
Plains Miwok
Puinave
Pumé
Páez
Quechua Ayacuchano
Resígaro
Rirratjingu
Ritharrngu
Salinan A
Salinan M
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet
Sanumá
Sape
Secoya
Seri (Comcaac)
Serrano
Shipibo-Konibo
Sikuani
Siona
Siriano
Sirionó
Southern Paiute
Southern Pastaza Quechua
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Ute
Suyá
Sáliva
Tacana
Tanimuca
Tariana
Tatuyo
Taushiro
Tikuna
Tiriyó
Toba
Trumai
Tukano
Tuyuka
Tübatulabal
Tümpisa Shoshone
Urarina
Wai Wai
Waikhana
Waimaja
Walmajarri
Wangkayutyuru
Waorani
Wapishana
Wappo
Wari
Washo
Waurá
Wayampi
Wayana
Western Mono
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay
Wintu
Yabarana
Yagua
Yaminahua
Yan-nhangu
Yandruwandha
Yanomam
Yanomami
Yarluyandi
Yavapai
Yavitero
Yawarrawarrka
Yawuru
Yine
Yokuts Palewyami
Yokuts Yawdanchi
Yokuts Yowlumne
Yuhup
Yuki
Yukpa
Yukuna
Yuma
Yuruti
Záparo

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