Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

this

Semantic Field
grammar
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
este/esta
Meaning Portuguese
este

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Bankalachi Toloim hah'-me-te (M); igi (K1907) inheritance
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone si-, se, i-, e- (near, touchable), inheritance
Cahuilla 7i7 inheritance S&H 1979
Central Sierra Miwok ne- inheritance
Chemehuevi i-ka/, i-c(i)/, i- inheritance
Chumash Barbareno he7; it'i “this one” (Ono 1996:99) inheritance Klar 1977:44
Chumash Cruzeno 7iju unknown JPH
Chumash Ineseno he7 -animate; hen'i +animate (these are non-initial in phrase)hechi7, hecha7 non-iniitial inheritance A 178
Chumash Obispeno hiksha (“never say hi”) inheritance Klar 1977:44
Chumash Ventureno hesa, 7iti7i (JPH 3(69) 0019L) inheritance Harrington 1974:5
Cocopa pi:, -pic, -piny, pi:ny unknown
Comanche isy, ity (ii-, o- inheritance
Cupeño 'I'i [ɁiɁi] inheritance
Gabrielino meya, mene:7 inheritance
Iipay 'Aa peyaa [pəˈjaˑ] inheritance
Kawaiisu 7i-dy, inheritance
Kiliwa mi unknown
Kitanemuk 7ivi7 inheritance
Lake Miwok ne/e inheritance
Luiseño 7iv-i/ inheritance
Maidu my/ inheritance
Mojave vidach, vidany inheritance
Mutsun neppe inheritance O77:57
Nisenan hede, hedem inheritance
Northern Paiute isu inheritance SAA 1982:42
Northern Sierra Miwok ne:- inheritance
Plains Miwok ne:-, inheritance
Salinan A *aswai (A), “this, these” unknown
Salinan M *aswa unknown Mason 1918:151
Seri (Comcaac) hipmoca unknown
Serrano ivi-7 inheritance
Southern Paiute i-, 7i- inheritance
Southern Sierra Miwok neH- inheritance
Southern Ute in (an), ich (inan) inheritance
Tübatulabal ywynn, wynn unknown
Tümpisa Shoshone (s)i-, (s)ity inheritance
Wappo he/ loan
Washo wi/:di7 unknown J230, 371
Western Mono i/hu, inheritance
Wintu 7ew inheritance
Yavapai vya/, nyva/- inheritance
Yokuts Palewyami xi inheritance JPH Gamble 91
Yokuts Yawdanchi xe (near p1); xi (near P2) inheritance K07
Yokuts Yowlumne ke:/ unknown N1944:67
Yuki ka-, ka(&), ka: inheritance S&S 1984
Yuma ava/ “this, a short distance away” H3:211 inheritance
Baniwa lhíehe ɺhíehe inheritance See Language page
Carijona enɨ inheritance but compare Arawak: Warekena /eni/ and Yavitero /íni/ See Language page
Cubeo ico (fem.), ñai (masc.) iko (fem.), ɲai (masc.) inheritance See Language page
Dâw nã́ʔ~náʔ; ʔáʔ, ʔa unknown See Language page
Desano i-'rú i-'rú inheritance See Language page
Eñepa më' nku (visible object); sï, sïj, ëmë (object near speaker); mëjchanton, ëmëkon, sïkon (plurals) (MM) mëʔ nku (visible object); sï, sïh, ëmë (object near speaker); mëhtʃanton, ëmëkon, sïkon (plurals) (MM) unknown; inheritance See Language page
Hodï bibo/baheteu unique See Language page
Waorani ĩĩ unique See Language page
Hup nu-, n'i- ~du-, ~d'ɨ- unique See Language page
Kakua nin inheritance See Language page
Nheengatu kuá kuá, yaʔá, yawaʔá, paʔá, kuá, unknown See Language page
Ninam hei (EM72) hei (EM72) inheritance See Language page
Nukak nin4 inheritance See Language page
Maihiki iye ije inheritance See Language page
Pemon see (E1980); seenök (M2000) se (E1980) inheritance See Language page
Resígaro gi?í/do?ó giʔí/doʔó unique See Language page
Sanumá hi (EM72) hi (EM72) inheritance See Language page
Sikuani ma:-xúa-he doubtful loan Máku, Nheengatu See Language page
Tariana hĩ (proximate dem) hĩ (proximate dem) inheritance Tariana-Baniwa See Language page
Tukano a'tí, a'té a'tí, a'té inheritance E Tuk See Language page
Kotiria a'ri aʔ.rί (stenz) inheritance E Tuk See Language page
Yanomam fei (EM72) fei (EM72) inheritance See Language page
Yanomami ei, hei (MM07) ei, hei (MM07) inheritance See Language page
Yukuna kele kele unique See Language page
Yuhup n'ɨ̌h ~d'ɨ̌h unique See Language page
Arabana kayi unique
Bardi jarri jarri inheritance
Bunuba ngirnda(ji) unknown
Burarra -guna unknown
Dhangu dhay'yi unknown
Dhuwal dhuwal
Dhuwala dhuwala unknown
Diyari napara unique
DiyariREU [missing] missing
Djambarrpuyngu dhaŋu
Djapu dhuwal unknown
Djinang djiningi unknown
Gajirrabeng ngajani- inheritance
Gooniyandi ngirndaji inheritance
Gupapuyngu dhuwala unknown
Gurindji nyawa inheritance
Jaru nyawa inheritance
Karajarri naudu inheritance
Kija perra- inheritance
Malyangapa [missing] missing
Mangala nyalartu, nyaltu inheritance
Miriwung nganjaying inheritance
Mithaka nuniyi unique
Mudburra nyama
Mudburra nginya inheritance
Ngamini nakatu unique
Ngandi ni' unique
Ngarluma nhurdu
Ngumbarl nyamba <nyamba> inheritance
Nhirrpi nhinggi unique
Northern Mangarla parni
Northern Nyangumarta nyungu inheritance
Nyangumarta wangka inheritance
Nyikina nya, nyatu nya, nyadu inheritance
Nyulnyul kinyingk kinyingk inheritance
Paakantyi iḏu unique
Pirriya [missing] missing
Pitta-Pitta [missing] missing
Rirratjingu dhaŋu
Ritharrngu yaku unique
Walmajarri minyarti inheritance
Wangkayutyuru [missing] missing
Wubuy ya: unique
Yan-nhangu nhaŋu unknown
Yandruwandha nunuru unique
Yarluyandi nhati unique
Yawarrawarrka nunuku unique
Yawuru nyamba nyamba inheritance
Achagua liáni; lée (h&r) liáni; lé: (h&r) unknown See Language page
Piapoco yái, úái jái, úái See Language page
Kabiyari ja-ri ja-ri See Language page
Yavitero íni íni See Language page
Bare téki/ théki téki/ tʰéki See Language page
Wapishana ɖiwɨɽaː unique See Language page
Paresi exe eʃe unknown See Language page
Baure teč; tič tetʃ; titʃ unknown See Language page
Arutani kiʔa kiʔa See Language page
Sape tɨsa tɨsa See Language page
Bora ínyeé, áánïḯ, áámʸeé, eéne ínjɛέ, áánɯɯ́, áámʲɛέ, ɛέnɛ unknown See Language page
Muinane xíno, xííxe xíno, xííxɛ See Language page
Akawaio seerö, see serö, se inheritance Proto-Carib See Language page
Apalai seny, mororo, mose senɨ, mororo, mose inheritance See Language page
Wayana mëhë mǝhǝ unknown See Language page
Tiriyó sen, seni-mpə, serə (this one inanimate), məe (this one, animate) sen, seni-mpə, serə, məe inheritance See Language page
Mapoyo kiirë (animate); mEhE (inanimate) kiirɛ (animate); məhə (inanimate) See Language page
Wai Wai see (SM) see (SM) inheritance See Language page
Waimiri Atroari (h)anji, kanji, anjinji (h)aɲi, kaɲi, aɲiɲi See Language page
Yabarana eni See Language page
Yukpa mais, márak maʂ See Language page
Kalapalo ige ige unique See Language page
Northern Emberá zaabʉ́ zaːbʉ́ See Language page
Guayabero ʔam-póx unknown See Language page
Macaguan jo ho, hohe unknown See Language page
Cuiva mé-he, xuá-he este, this Huber & Reed 1992:256
Cofán vue, va ɸa phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra ĩnĩ ĩnĩ unique See Language page
Páez aná ana See Language page
Tikuna daa [3-5, 5], dama [4, 2] daa, dama unique See Language page
Urarina kaa kaa unique See Language page
Camsa kem kem See Language page
Andoke Nom. Class. -ñé (Nom. Class.) -ɲé unique See Language page
Puinave náa unique See Language page
Máku ki ki See Language page
Warao tama tama See Language page
Ashuar ju iũ See Language page
Huambisa ju xu See Language page
Aguaruna juu xu: inheritance See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect hahɨ̃ːh unique See Language page
Matses nëid nɨid unknown See Language page
Yagua jiñu xiɲu unique See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua cay kaj See Language page
Ingá kai kai See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua cai kai See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano kay kaj See Language page
Piaroa pide pide unique See Language page
Sáliva ahna aʔna unique See Language page
Bará ati-'ga See Language page
Barasano ~adi (m.); adio (f.) ~adi (m.); adio (f.) See Language page
Carapana ãni/atio (anim.), ati +clas. (inan.), ato (manner or quanitity, inan.) ãni/atiɔ, ati, atɔ See Language page
Makuna ~adi (m.); adio (f.) ~adi (m.); adio (f.) inheritance See Language page
Yuruti a'tí-kũbũã a'tí-kũbũã See Language page
Waikhana aʔ'ria aʔ'ria See Language page
Siriano í, ĩĩ́ í, ĩĩ́ See Language page
Tanimuca i'ko (fem); ĩʔ'rĩ (masc) i'ko (fem); ĩʔ'rĩ (masc) inheritance See Language page
Tatuyo áti- áti- See Language page
Tuyuka ati-'wɨ́ ati-'wɨ́ See Language page
Waimaja átʰɛ́ átʰɛ́ See Language page
Koreguaje icheja, iko (female), ikʉ (male) idʒexa, iko, ikʉ inheritance See Language page
Siona ën, ëñe ɨn, ɨɲe inheritance See Language page
Secoya ico i'kɔ See Language page
Karitiana ã ã inheritance See Language page
Kokama ajan axan inheritance See Language page
Wayampi ã (G89) ã (G89) inheritance See Language page
Sirionó a, co (P85) a, ko inheritance; inheritance See Language page
Kamayurá koʔ koʔ inheritance See Language page
Ocaina bíín, bínjan, bahi-, bu- {m./f. sing./pl.}, báhiim̵a bĩ́ĩ́, bĩ́hã, baʔi-, bɯ- {m./f. sing./pl.}, báʔiim̵a inheritance See Language page
Nɨpode Witoto bedá bɛdá See Language page
Minica Witoto bí.e bí.ɛ See Language page
Murui Witoto bi.e bi.ɛ inheritance See Language page
Iquito iína (speaker proximal) iína (speaker proximal) unknown See Language page
Záparo niicha niːʧa See Language page
Wari i ca' (E&K97) i kaʔ (E&K97) See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo hikio (Girard 1971) hikio See Language page
Cavineña rike (G71); riyake (G71) rike (G71); riyake (G71) inheritance See Language page
Central Aymara aka, akïri aka, aki:ɾi See Language page
Kwazá ỹ- ỹ- See Language page
Movima airu (J62) airu See Language page
Kaingang tag tag See Language page
Djeoromitxi newe newe See Language page
Lokono toho toho this Pet 1987:374
Kariña ero ero this Yamada 2010:733