Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

mother

Semantic Field
kinship
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
madre, mamá
Meaning Portuguese
mãe

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Bankalachi Toloim ah-pul', e-mŏn (ŭ-mŭn) 171 loan
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone pi7i, pii inheritance
Cahuilla -ye inheritance S&H 1979
Central Sierra Miwok 7yta/:- inheritance
Chemehuevi pi/(a) inheritance
Chumash Barbareno xoni, xon'i in Wash unknown Sapir 1920:289
Chumash Cruzeno lo unknown Klar 1977:51
Chumash Ineseno -tete7 unknown A 49
Chumash Obispeno ch'uju unknown JPH
Chumash Ventureno k'ete “my mother (but root is tete) inheritance JPH
Cocopa nyca:, nycal (living) inheritance
Comanche pia inheritance
Cupeño -ye [yɨ] inheritance
Esselen atsia unknown Henshaw in Shaul 1995:200 and voc
Gabrielino -yok inheritance
Iipay 'Aa kuhkwany, paataly [kʊˈxˈkʷaɲ], [paˑˈt̯aʎ] unknown
Kawaiisu pija= inheritance
Kiliwa h-ny7uu, ny-p-ny7uu unknown
Kitanemuk jy7 inheritance
Lake Miwok 7u/nu inheritance
Luiseño yo7 (possessed only) inheritance
Maidu ne/ inheritance
Mojave intay inheritance
Mutsun 7a:nan inheritance? O77:139
Nisenan ne inheritance
Northern Paiute pia/ inheritance Thornes 03:33
Northern Sierra Miwok yta- inheritance
Plains Miwok 7yk:a- unknown
Salinan A apai/7 (A), unknown
Salinan M apa/i (exo', e/pex) unknown Mason 1918:133
Seri (Comcaac) ata unknown
Serrano -jy-7 inheritance
Southern Paiute pia-S (j) inheritance
Southern Sierra Miwok 7ami- unknown
Southern Ute pi/a, pi/e-, pi/achI inheritance
Tübatulabal aapuu-n (before death of child) loan
Tümpisa Shoshone pia, pii inheritance
Wappo -na/7a loan
Washo gitla/:7 unknown J99
Western Mono piya inheritance
Wintu -tu:tu: address form unknown
Yavapai chchi:, chi/ta : is macron inheritance
Yokuts Palewyami nexet JPH; unique JPH Gamble 91
Yokuts Yawdanchi najoj inheritance K07:240
Yokuts Yowlumne no'om inheritance K 1963
Yuki -k'an' inheritance
Yuma 7anta/yc “his mother” inheritance
Baniwa -hádoa -hádoa inheritance See Language page
Carijona mama loan Span? See Language page
Cubeo paco pako inheritance See Language page
Dâw mɛ̃ʔ unique See Language page
Desano pago pago inheritance See Language page
Eñepa y-anə; -anə j-anə; -anə loan Arawak See Language page
Hodï abã abã unique See Language page
Waorani badã wããna; Mbarã unique See Language page
Hup ʔín ~ʔíd loan into proto-language, direction unknown Puinave, Kakua-Nukak See Language page
Kakua ʔín loan into proto-language Puinave, Nadahup See Language page
Makushi maʔmá maʔmá loan Spanish See Language page
Nheengatu maya, mãmãy maja, mãmãj unknown; loan Span/Port? See Language page
Ninam nape, na a, ne (gom), nape- (EM72) nape, na a, ne (gom), nape- (EM72) inheritance See Language page
Nukak iin3 loan into proto-language Puinave, Nadahup See Language page
Maihiki jaco ago xako ago inheritance See Language page
Pemon amai (also means 'aunt'), dan (also means 'aunt'), san (A1981); amai (M2000) amaɪ, dan, san (A1981) inheritance See Language page
Resígaro hanáva hanáva inheritance See Language page
Sanumá #NAME? #NAME? inheritance See Language page
Sikuani é:na: inheritance See Language page
Tariana há-do há-do inheritance See Language page
Tukano pakó pakó inheritance E-W Tuk See Language page
Yanomam na na inheritance See Language page
Yanomami nayë, na- (EM72) najə, na- inheritance See Language page
Yukuna aloji alohi unique See Language page
Yuhup ʔín ~ʔíd inheritance See Language page
Arabana lhuka unique
Bardi birrii birrii inheritance
Bunuba ngarranyi doubtful loan
Burarra muma unknown
Dhangu bambay unknown
Dhuwal nga:rndi
Dhuwala ngama7 inheritance
Diyari nganrri inheritance
DiyariREU ngandi inheritance
Djambarrpuyngu 4984 inheritance
Djapu nga:rndi inheritance
Djinang ama inheritance
Gajirrabeng ngarrang loan Ngarinyin
Gooniyandi ngarranyi doubtful loan
Gupapuyngu ngama7 inheritance
Gurindji ngamayi inheritance
Jabirr-Jabirr berai berrayi inheritance
Jaru ngama inheritance
Jawi injib inyib semantic shift
Karajarri 4346 unknown
Kija kura- loan Ngarinyin
Malyangapa ŋamana inheritance
Mangala jula unknown
Miriwung ngarrageng loan Ngarinyin
Mithaka nganrri inheritance
Mudburra [missing] missing
Mudburra jakardi loan
Ngamini nganri inheritance
Ngandi nganang inheritance
Ngarluma ngangga
Ngumbarl beebee bibi inheritance
Nhirrpi ngandri inheritance
Nimanburru berai berrayi inheritance
Northern Mangarla jurla
Northern Nyangumarta pipi inheritance
Nyangumarta 4452 inheritance
Nyikina kooya kuya inheritance
Nyulnyul berai berrayi inheritance
Paakantyi ummaka inheritance
Pirriya ngamakwaya inheritance
Pitta-Pitta ngamari inheritance
Rirratjingu [missing] missing
Ritharrngu ngaarndi loan into protolanguage
Walmajarri ngamaji inheritance
Wangkayutyuru ngama inheritance
Warrwa kuya kuya inheritance
Wubuy rrigang unique
Yan-nhangu ŋamarrkuḻi inheritance
Yandruwandha ngarndri inheritance
Yarluyandi ngandi inheritance
Yawarrawarrka ngandri inheritance
Yawuru bibi bibi inheritance
Achagua túwa túwa inheritance See Language page
Piapoco atúa atúa See Language page
Kabiyari hanúá hanúá See Language page
Yavitero iľ̥uami iľ̥uami See Language page
Bare yakaw jakaw See Language page
Wapishana -ˀdaru -ˀdaru doubtful loan Carib; Pemon dan, Makiritare denɨ See Language page
Wayuu te-i (~ ta-i) Lit. 'my mother'; vocative form is ma'ma. See Language page
Yine nato; hin-ro Vocative form is mama. *Piro-Apuriná form is *'na-to/ro. See Language page
Paresi mama mama loan Portuguese See Language page
Ignaciano -'ena; meme See Language page
Trinitario -eno; meme See Language page
Baure n-en (possessive) n-en (possessive) inheritance See Language page
Waurá ma'ma; -ɨnu ma'ma; -ɨnu loan; inheritance Portuguese See Language page
Cha'palaa 'ama; 'mama Respectively: term of reference; term of address. Also 'ya-ʔ ma. See Language page
Bora kwaʔá-ro, kʷaʔá-ï kwaʔá-ro, kʷaʔá-ɯ inheritance See Language page
Muinane gáʔá(rubi) {vocative}, sééxɨ gáʔá(rubi) {vocative}, sέέxɨ See Language page
Akawaio sang saŋ inheritance Venezuelan See Language page
Apalai eny, ẽ enɨ, ẽ loan Arawak See Language page
Wayana je je doubtful loan Tupi-Guarani See Language page
Tiriyó ma[:] (vocative), manko ma:, manko doubtful loan Span? See Language page
Makiritare denɨ (IDS) (Reference term. Term of address is mama) denɨ inheritance but cf. Arawak? See Language page
Mapoyo saanë-ri saanɛ-ri See Language page
Wai Wai yɨ-son; noro yon yɨ-son; noro yon inheritance See Language page
Waimiri Atroari mama mama See Language page
Yukpa icha dʒiʂa See Language page
Kalapalo a.ma a.ma doubtful loan Portuguese See Language page
Muisca guaia γuaia See Language page
Barí abaama Colombia: ʔabamanə. See Language page
Northern Emberá dádyi phápa dádʒi phápa See Language page
Epena 'nawe Cf. 'moon' 01.530. See Language page
Guayabero ʔen inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page
Macaguan enána enána inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page
Cuiva éna madre, mother Huber & Reed 1992:45
Cofán chan tʃan phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra atáatá atáatá unique See Language page
Taushiro iño iɲo See Language page
Páez epe epe See Language page
Tikuna mama mama loan Spanish, Quechua? See Language page
Urarina neba neba unique See Language page
Camsa bebmá, máma, mamá bebmá, máma, mamá See Language page
Andoke #NAME? #NAME? unique See Language page
Pumé aĩ ~ eĩ See Language page
Puinave in in loan, direction unknown Nadahup, Kakua-Nukak See Language page
Warao ɾani rani See Language page
Ashuar nukúr (my mother) nukúr See Language page
Huambisa nuku nuku See Language page
Aguaruna dúku dúku inheritance See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect ʔɨ̃ːn loan into proto-language, direction unknown Puinave, Kakua-Nukak See Language page
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect ʔaʔɨ̃ːn See Language page
Matses tita tita inheritance See Language page
Kakataibo tita *Panoan *kai with related meanings 'tribesman, relative, born'. See Language page
Katukina ɨwa See Language page
Pacahuara 'kai d'Orb kahe. Heath kaii, {ca-i}. Arm kahi, cahi. See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo tita See Language page
Yaminahua ɨβa See Language page
Chácobo haʔiwa; kai (the latter is used in direct address) haʔiwa; kai (the latter is used in direct address) inheritance See Language page
Yagua jnoda xnonda unique See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua mama mama See Language page
Ingá mama mama See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua mama mama See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano mama mama See Language page
Piaroa ahúh (K76) ahúh (K76) unique See Language page
Sáliva nahna naʔna unique See Language page
Bará pa'ko, 'kako See Language page
Barasano hak-o, kak-o hak-o, kak-o See Language page
Carapana -pa-kó, 'ká-a-ko -pa-kó, 'ká-a-ko See Language page
Makuna mami (mami), jaco mami (mami), xaco inheritance See Language page
Yuruti pa'kó See Language page
Waikhana pa'ko See Language page
Siriano pagó pagó See Language page
Tanimuca bãʔ'ĩ; pa'kore; 'pako 're bãʔ'ĩ; pa'kore; 'pako 're inheritance See Language page
Tuyuka pa'ko pa'ko See Language page
Waimaja kʰáàkʰò kʰáàkʰò See Language page
Koreguaje ja'ko xaʔkho inheritance See Language page
Siona mama, pë'cago mama, pɨʔkago inheritance See Language page
Secoya ja'co haʔkɔ See Language page
Karitiana ti ti inheritance See Language page
Kokama mama mama loan Span? See Language page
Wayampi ɨ; mãmã (VOC) ɨ; mãmã (VOC) inheritance; loan Span/Port? See Language page
Aché ẽgi unique See Language page
Chiriguano (če-)sɨ; ičɨ inheritance See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní sɨ See Language page
Sirionó tãĩ; esi tãĩ; esi unique; inheritance See Language page
Ocaina ánhinco, úúdsah ã́ʔĩʔko, ɯ́ɯ́dzaʔ inheritance See Language page
Nɨpode Witoto á-ño á-ño See Language page
Minica Witoto éi, éi-ño έi, έi-ño See Language page
Murui Witoto e.i ɛ.i inheritance See Language page
Iquito niatíja (originally vocative, reanalyzed as referential term); -áni (archaic form, not commonly used, always possessed) niatíha (originally vocative, reanalyzed as referential term); -áni (archaic form, not commonly used, always possessed) unique; inheritance See Language page
Záparo anu anu See Language page
Wari naʔ naʔ See Language page
Araona kʷala; wadi Also waepei; mama. *Tacn form is *e-ka-. See Language page
Ese Ejja nae unique See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo nai; nae (Girard 1971) nai; nae See Language page
Tacana kʷara; mama See Language page
Cavineña e-kʷa-ke; e-kʷaʔa; mama e-kʷa-ke; e-kʷaʔa; mama inheritance See Language page
Central Aymara mama tayka; mama See Language page
Cayuvava da-iti; dita; pipi See Language page
Itonama a-noʔka; dihneʔte Also ahme-mayeʔneʔka. See Language page
Kwazá mã mã See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané 'nonoʔ See Language page
Movima maʔa maʔa See Language page
Trumai (ha)-atle (ha)-atle unique See Language page
Kaingang nỹ, jỹ -nə̃; yə̃; mə̃ɲ See Language page
Canela awkʰe-; yəyə- *Jê form is *zic̷i. Maxacalí form is -c̷ɨc̷et-ʔac̷. See Language page
Suyá nã nã See Language page
Karajá adi; tadi; ise See Language page
Djeoromitxi tätxi, dji tǝtʃi, dʒi See Language page
Chipaya mama; maa See Language page
Mocoví l-ateʔe Lit. '3p possessor-mother'. See Language page
Pilagá l-atʔe Lit. '3pp-mother'; cf. 'thumb' 04.342. See Language page
Toba l-ateʔe See Language page
Lengua inkyin See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité ankin See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet meeme eŋak; aŋkenˀ See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay #NAME? See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja et; meme See Language page
Maca #NAME? See Language page
Nivaclé -mimi mother https://ids.clld.org/
Ayoreo daa-'te An absent mother is daa'te-ka. See Language page
Mapudungun ɲuke Same form in Ranquel. Affectionate form in Ranquel is ɲaɲa. See Language page
Qawasqar c̷ap Sk, Bo, SpC record the same for Central QWS. Fi, Hy, SpS record the same for South QWS. See Language page
Selknam ahm See Language page
Tehuelche 'y-ān Means 'my mother'. See Language page
Lokono ojo ojo mother Pet 1987:364
Kariña mama mama mother Yamada 2010:768