Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

grow

Semantic Field
state
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
crecer
Meaning Portuguese
crescer

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone naa”, naha” “be, become, grow, grow up, dwell” inheritance
Cahuilla -wel- inheritance S&H 1979
Central Sierra Miwok 7ype/l-nge- inheritance
Chemehuevi nana/ inheritance
Chumash Barbareno kek (of plants B78); inheritance Klar 1977:109
Chumash Ineseno lu-nan' inheritance A 359
Chumash Obispeno leL7ashi “para que crezca” (see “big”) unknown JPH
Chumash Ventureno lunla7al (human), luny7yp (plant) unknown JPH
Cocopa xmi: unknown
Comanche naanaary “grow in height and health” inheritance
Cupeño wel-0 [wəl] inheritance
Iipay 'Aa chepaa [ʧəˈpaˑ] unknown
Kawaiisu nahna- inheritance
Kiliwa x7iip, t-x7iip unknown
Kitanemuk tuch (grow up) inheritance
Lake Miwok me/lih inheritance
Luiseño wola- inheritance
Maidu di/ unknown
Mojave apay= (of corn), 7akuuch- “grow up” loan direction unknown
Mutsun miTTen “grows” inheritance O77:89, 210
Nisenan ne: inheritance
Northern Paiute na7a inheritance Thornes 03:57
Northern Sierra Miwok 7ypelnge- inheritance
Plains Miwok 72t2m:2kse- inheritance
Salinan A map (A), unknown
Salinan M mopke:/ unknown Mason 1918:144
Seri (Comcaac) coocp unknown
Serrano ja:ng-q “grow, grow up” inheritance
Southern Paiute nan:a- inheritance
Southern Sierra Miwok 7ypeHl-ngHe- “to grow up” inheritance
Southern Ute nana inheritance
Tübatulabal ayaaw-yt inheritance
Tümpisa Shoshone hanna” “grow, get bigger” inheritance
Wappo he/u:se7 unknown
Washo Mo/ngili unknown J249
Western Mono naa- inheritance
Wintu bohema- inheritance
Yavapai ?te(:) “grown” (< -te(:) “big”) inheritance
Yokuts Yawdanchi poohu'tcu inheritance K07:268
Yokuts Yowlumne *bo:huT' “mature”; buh'aT' Blevins 2004:39 inheritance N 1944 51
Yuki mam unknown K1911:Voc
Baniwa tawíiña tawíiɲa inheritance possible loan into Ninam/Sanuma (Yanomam) See Language page
Carijona anɨta (SM) inheritance See Language page
Cubeo bʉcʉyʉ; bʉcʉre; corʉivʉ bɨkɨjɨ; bɨkɨɾe; koɾɨivɨ inheritance See Language page
Dâw pêg saák peg ʃǎk inheritance See Language page
Desano bʉga-ri bɨga-ɾi inheritance See Language page
Eñepa -uwəhsa- (IDS) -uwəhsa- (IDS) unknown See Language page
Hodï ʰwoi unique See Language page
Waorani pæ unique See Language page
Hup cap- cap- unique shared Yuhup See Language page
Kakua beɁ unknown See Language page
Makushi akɨpɨ; arenta (IDS) akɨpɨ; arenta (IDS) inheritance See Language page
Nheengatu yukiriári (from kiriári=do portuguȇs criar), yumijã (from mujã=fazer), puãmu jukiriari (from kiriari=do portuguȇs criar), jumijã (mujã=fazer), puãmu unique See Language page
Ninam tšawɨ (EM72) tʃawɨ loan (into proto-language?) Arawak tawi- See Language page
Maihiki etajɨ etaxɨ̃ inheritance See Language page
Pemon yariman (A1981) dʒaɾiman (A1981) unknown See Language page
Sanumá tsəwə (EM72) tsəwə loan (into proto-language?) Arawak tawi- See Language page
Sikuani juwa (2) huwá unknown See Language page
Tariana mesá mesá loan Tukanoan masa See Language page
Tukano bɨkɨâ, masá bɨkɨâ, masá inheritance E Tuk See Language page
Kotiria bʉkʉ; ~basa bʉʰkʉ; mãʰsã inheritance E Tuk; compare Ocaina buuku See Language page
Yanomam kau kau unique See Language page
Yanomami pataɨ pataɨ unique See Language page
Yukuna tawá'akajo tawáʔakaho inheritance See Language page
Yuhup cap cap unique See Language page
Arabana woninta inheritance?
Bardi -jarrngV- -jarrngV- inheritance
Bunuba dalja- unknown
Burarra wana ni bamba unknown
Dhangu ŋuthan doubtful loan
Dhuwal [missing] missing
Dhuwala [missing] missing
Diyari purnka inheritance
DiyariREU wominta loan Arabana
Djambarrpuyngu ŋuthan
Djapu ŋuthan
Djinang djurrgi unknown
Gajirrabeng namoo unique
Gooniyandi [missing] missing
Gupapuyngu gurarrkuma unknown
Gurindji tuma- inheritance
Jabirr-Jabirr -bul- [ma-bolan] -bul- [ma-bolan] inheritance
Jaru yambi waya- unique
Karajarri 4550 missing
Kija pethata unique
Malyangapa Mal: thanta- loan direction unknown
Mangala baga na bulgari unknown
Miriwung bad unique
Mithaka [missing] missing
Mudburra rawarra
Mudburra duma- inheritance
Ngamini dankarina unique
Ngandi garlak-dhu- unique
Ngarluma tharra-ku unique
Ngumbarl yeega dowin, beendain <yeega dowin, beendain> unique
Nhirrpi [missing] missing
Nimanburru gongon ma-djaredjaren konkon ma-jarejaren unique
Northern Mangarla [missing] missing
Northern Nyangumarta waljunu- (V2) inheritance
Nyangumarta 4550 unique
Nyikina -kani- (A/P) -kani- (A/b) unique
Nyulnyul mihiteo XXngl typo? XXgl get bigger mihideo inheritance
Paakantyi gila-ba- unique
Pirriya [missing] missing
Pitta-Pitta [missing] missing
Rirratjingu [missing] missing
Ritharrngu dhamulng'kun inheritance
Walmajarri turta(pu)- inheritance
Wangkayutyuru wimaji- unique
Wubuy runggal, waranda unique
Yan-nhangu yindiyirri unknown
Yandruwandha pirnana unique
Yarluyandi [missing] missing
Yawarrawarrka punkindri inheritance
Yawuru ma-baŋgan ma-baŋkan semantic shift
Achagua dáwineriu dáwineriu inheritance See Language page
Piapoco cáaléeri yàacawa, dàwinàacawa káaléeri jàakawa, dàwinàakawa See Language page
Kabiyari tawána tawána See Language page
Yavitero tawina tawina See Language page
Wapishana dyaɨpʰai-n dyaɨpʰai-n unknown See Language page
Wayuu mɨľe-waa See Language page
Yine c̷erɨwna See Language page
Ignaciano #NAME? To make (it) grow is -kahuruka. See Language page
Trinitario #NAME? See Language page
Waurá weke- weke- unique See Language page
Cha'palaa 'a'wa-nu See Language page
Bora piívye (T98) pʰiíβje unique See Language page
Muinane júsihi (W97) xúsiʔi See Language page
Akawaio zeemokkang ze'mɔʔkaŋ inheritance See Language page
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect emoʔka emoʔka See Language page
Apalai ahtãko ahtãko inheritance See Language page
Wayana uwanta uwanta inheritance See Language page
Tiriyó j-anɨhta-ne (I grew (up)) j-anɨhta-ne (I grew (up)) inheritance See Language page
Wai Wai ∅-Φor̃mam-∅ ∅-Φor̃mam-∅ unknown See Language page
Waimiri Atroari puwa puwa See Language page
Yabarana pais'tɜɾi (creciente) See Language page
Yukpa natüpi, samaya, atone, atüne See Language page
Muisca zemuysquynsuca tʂemuɨskuɨnsuka See Language page
Northern Emberá oarí oarí See Language page
Epena wari- See Language page
Cofán coeñe koɛɲɛ phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra potsĭsámaama potsĭsámaama unique See Language page
Taushiro i'yu hunta iʔju hunda See Language page
Páez exs eʃ See Language page
Urarina omaro omaro unique See Language page
Andoke yí jí unique See Language page
Pumé ɔtɛ-pa See Language page
Puinave [-min] min unique See Language page
Ashuar nampuártin (people), tsakártin (animals) nampuartin, tsakartin See Language page
Huambisa uunmartasa u:nmartasa See Language page
Aguaruna aentsmágat, muúmpat aɨntsmagat, mu:mpat unique; unique See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect ʃǝ̰:g inheritance cognate Dâw; in Hup 'go up' See Language page
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect ʃǝ̰:g See Language page
Matses cani kani inheritance See Language page
Kakataibo kani-ti ʔɨɨ-ti 'to grow (the river)'; 'pa'paru-ti 'to grow a lot (the river)'. See Language page
Katukina yosi-ṣ̌- See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo aniti; ṣ̌oṣ̌o-ti See Language page
Yaminahua yosi-kĩ See Language page
Chácobo hakɨ-; šinaʔa-; ani- hakɨ-; šinaʔa-; ani- unknown; inheritance See Language page
Yagua javye; divay xa:vje; divaj unique See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua atunyana, viñana atunjana See Language page
Ingá susukaiai, wiñai susukaiai, wiñai See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua huiñana wiɲana See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano wiñay, hatunyay wiɲaj, hatunyaj See Language page
Piaroa bui'o hue'ɨh buiɁo hueɁɨh unknown See Language page
Sáliva põãjaha põãhaʔa unknown See Language page
Carapana bᵾtirique, putarije (river) bɨtiɾike, putaɾixe (river) See Language page
Makuna bʉcʉa-rise; jai-re (esp. for rivers); judi-rise (esp. plants) bɨkɨa-ɾise; xai-ɾe; xudi-rise inheritance See Language page
Tanimuca bi'ki ri'ka bi'ki ri'ka inheritance See Language page
Koreguaje aineemʉ aineemʉ unique See Language page
Siona iroji irohi inheritance See Language page
Secoya ai de'oye ai dɛʔɔjɛ See Language page
Karitiana kerep keɾep unknown See Language page
Kokama aipa aipa unique See Language page
Wayampi -yɔ̃ĩ; -wɛ̃ -jɔ̃ĩ; -wɛ̃ unique; inheritance See Language page
Aché ɨma unique See Language page
Chiriguano kʷakʷa; kʷakʷaa inheritance See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní kakuaa See Language page
Sirionó siri; mebo; tiarõ siri; mebo; tiarõ unknown See Language page
Ocaina aam̈on; jiia; jiinño; buuco (tr and intr) aamõ; hiia; hĩĩɲo; buuko (tr and intr) inheritance; unknown See Language page
Murui Witoto monaìte, comuìde monaìtɛ, komuìdɛ (B83) inheritance; unknown See Language page
Iquito cumɨɨni, riquiini (specifically for plants) kumɨɨni, rikiini (specifically for plants) unique See Language page
Záparo nishinyu niʃinju See Language page
Wari horon (Sousa2009) horon (Sousa2009) See Language page
Araona hewa; esi Refer to people. Also molo, refers to plants. *Tacn form is *baŕo-na. See Language page
Ese Ejja tii- unknown See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo čii-kwe; tii- (Girard 1971) čii-kwe; tii- See Language page
Tacana bao-na; moro- The latter refers to plants. See Language page
Cavineña baro-na-ya; ari-ari-ho-ya; wiha-ya (baro-na-ya usually refers to children; wiha-ya refers to plants) baro-na-ya; ari-ari-ho-ya; wiha-ya unknown See Language page
Central Aymara jilaña xila-ɲa See Language page
Cayuvava bihi; para ~ pãrã; pã See Language page
Itonama tilahna See Language page
Kwazá ereri- ereri- See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané pa'ɲi See Language page
Movima ɓihau-ni ɓihau-ni See Language page
Trumai (ha) pɨt̯e (ha) pɨt̯e unique See Language page
Kaingang mog moŋ See Language page
Karajá təbie-nɨ Also umɨ-nɨ. See Language page
Djeoromitxi hüte, bere høte, bere See Language page
Chipaya paxḳ-š See Language page
Mocoví n-okiike-ta-šigim Lit. '3p actor-move-continuative-up'. See Language page
Pilagá ni-čik Lit. '3pa-move'. See Language page
Toba n-kik; n-kigi-šigem Mean 'move'. Also n-kig-eek. See Language page
Lengua #NAME? Intransitive form. See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité akwaninyi; anwaninyi See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet neŋwaaneeykaam; neŋekteŋaam Also neŋaʔɬeŋaykamˀ. See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay teɬ-'pho Also ta'puyeh. See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja -teyfʷom ~ -tifʷom See Language page
Maca #NAME? -pham is 'top' 12.330; 'up' 12.080. See Language page
Nivaclé tay-čišam grow https://ids.clld.org/
Ayoreo ĩ'keeraʔ See Language page
Mapudungun ṭ͡ʀemɨ Ranquel form is ṭ͡ʀem-. See Language page
Qawasqar fsay-na Also Ag records anas. See Language page
Selknam čaʔwen See Language page
Lokono bikhidin bikʰidin grow Pet 1987:359
Kariña atyta atɨta grow; sprout Yamada 2010:720