Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

cut/hack

Semantic Field
impact
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
cortar
Meaning Portuguese
cortar

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone -ka7ah "to cut something flexible (sg obj), inheritance
Cahuilla -wek- inheritance S&H 1979
Central Sierra Miwok Te:/p- inheritance
Chemehuevi cikwy/ inheritance
Chumash Barbareno 7iwawan inheritance Klar 1977:17
Chumash Ineseno 7iwawan inheritance Klar 1977:17
Chumash Obispeno 7ywy inheritance Klar 1977:17
Chumash Ventureno 7ywy inheritance Klar 1977:17
Cocopa cuka/T, 7u:ka/T inheritance
Comanche tykyry (with teeth or sharp edge) inheritance
Cupeño ngeti-0 [ŋəti] unknown
Gabrielino 7ara:ke- “rajar” inheritance
Iipay 'Aa aakatt [aˑˈqat] inheritance
Kawaiisu ko7o- “as with knife” inheritance
Kiliwa qhat, t-qhat-u, qhaw inheritance
Kitanemuk ngychk inheritance
Lake Miwok ka/awa unknown
Luiseño woki- inheritance
Maidu wyk'y/s, wyk'y/t unknown
Mojave akyet= (into slices) inheritance
Mutsun wa/ra/y! Cut! (w/ knife) unknown O77:102, 136
Nisenan syk'2lk'2l inheritance
Northern Paiute -ka7a (requires IP) inheritance Thornes 03:324
Northern Sierra Miwok te:py- inheritance
Plains Miwok tep:a- inheritance
Salinan A e/ck'waL (A only) “cut, saw, hit”; unknown
Salinan M missing missing
Seri (Comcaac) caactim unknown
Serrano cing-kin (cut up as fruit)
Southern Paiute qap:i-, qavi- “to cut (e.g. w/ point, knife)” inheritance
Southern Sierra Miwok te:p- inheritance
Southern Ute chikevi'na unknown
Tübatulabal tyttyy7in-at inheritance
Tümpisa Shoshone tsikka7ah (flexible object) inheritance
Wappo T'ak'i7 “cut, mow” inheritance
Washo -a:k'im unknown J1958:199
Western Mono wi/qobi- “chop up”, inheritance
Wintu taka;, takca loan
Yavapai kYa/t (requires prefix for Instr) inheritance
Yokuts Yowlumne k'iT'i “to cut” unknown N44W, N 1964
Yuki ta,y- “cut1” inheritance K1911:Voc
Yuma akye/T H6:148 cut off piece inheritance
Baniwa tákhaa, matáka, aakeapíta tákhaa, matáka, aakeapíta inheritance See Language page
Carijona akotərɨ inheritance See Language page
Cubeo burayʉ; cotʉteyʉ; cotʉvayʉ; peopeyʉ; totarĩ burayʉ: totayʉ; tuitóyʉ; tʉtoyʉ; nainóñʉ ('to cut a tree with a machete') buɾajɨ; kotɨtejɨ unknown; doubtful loan Tupi-Guarani See Language page
Dâw teés [hack], rõk [saw], xʉʉ́t [cut through/off] těʃ, hɔ̃k, xɨ̌t unknown; inheritance; inheritance See Language page
Desano wíri-ri (with a machete or knife); tabe-ri (to hack firewood with a machete or axe) wíɾi-ɾi unique See Language page
Eñepa -ɨkɨtə- (IDS) -ɨkɨtə- (IDS) inheritance See Language page
Hodï wohtai'ta unique See Language page
Waorani ẽõ to unique See Language page
Hup kɨt-, hɔ̃k- kɨt-, ~hɔk- inheritance; inheritance See Language page
Kakua bûd, ʔib2 (H&R) unknown; inheritance See Language page
Makushi yaʔtɨ (IDS) yaʔtɨ (IDS) inheritance See Language page
Nheengatu munuka, yapina munuka, japina inheritance See Language page
Ninam pahatra, manɨ (EM72) pahatɾa, manɨ unknown; inheritance See Language page
Nukak ʔiibm3 inheritance See Language page
Maihiki titoyi, jɨyeyi titoji, xɨjeji inheritance See Language page
Pemon aketi, kitiuma, charamo, ewanka (A1981); akütü (M2000) aketi, kitiuma, tʃaɾamo, ewanka, (A1981) inheritance; unknown See Language page
Resígaro kio?-khú (cut in a half), seu?-khú (cut small things), tuu-khú (cut big things) kioʔ-kʰú (cut in a half), seuʔ-kʰú (cut small things), tuu-kʰú (cut big things) inheritance See Language page
Sanumá nasi to, pati (EM72) nasi to, pati unique; unique See Language page
Sikuani ukúta, nikáta (ka-xiúta, etc. thá:ba 'despedazar' - 'cut into pieces') doubtful loan Carib, cf. Eñepa -ɨkɨtə- See Language page
Tariana písa písa unique See Language page
Tukano dɨtê dɨtê inheritance See Language page
Kotiria be; ~kha; yʉ'so; to cut open: waye kʰã; jʉʔsó; wajé unique See Language page
Yanomam paka, manɨ paka, manɨ unknown; inheritance See Language page
Yanomami hanɨ-aɨ, hanɨpraɨ hanɨ-aɨ, hanɨpɾaɨ unique See Language page
Yukuna mata'akaje mataʔakahe inheritance See Language page
Yuhup hɔ̃k, tǝc ~hɔk, tǝc inheritance See Language page
Gajirrabeng gad inheritance
Gurindji kataj pa- loan Jaminjung
Kija kaj- inheritance
Miriwung gad inheritance
Walmajarri junga- inheritance
Achagua í:hu, wítʃuéda í:hu, wítʃuéda unknown; inheritance See Language page
Piapoco bacáidaca, dalúaca, wichùaca, íríaca, màchawìaca bakáidaka, dalúaka, witʃùaka, íríaka, màtʃawìaka See Language page
Kabiyari ta-rhú ta-rhú See Language page
Yavitero kétsu(a), tsiúka kétsu(a), tsiúka See Language page
Bare tʃátika, yakara tʃátika, jakara See Language page
Wapishana čʰuuta-n čʰuuta-n unknown Possibly inheritance See Language page
Wayuu ačoto-waa Without a chopping action. ašoʔta, is with a chopping movement/action. See Language page
Paresi aikotya aikotya; irikotya inheritance See Language page
Ignaciano -'ečuka Also -'ečatika; -'ečatirika. See Language page
Trinitario ečtiko To 'slice' is -yučtiko. See Language page
Baure ašok- aʃok- inheritance See Language page
Waurá tuka ~ ɨtuka tuka ~ ɨtuka inheritance See Language page
Cha'palaa 'wan-nu; 'wane-'ke-nu Also 'daa-'pu-nu. See Language page
Bora kʷá-ʔtaʔɨ́nï, tó-iʔyánʸï (several others very similar) kʷá-ʔtaʔɨ́nɯ, tó-iʔjánʲɯ unknown See Language page
Muinane gáβɨ́rɨ́ɨ́ku-ʔi, kíttɨ-ʔi, tútúku-ʔi gáβɨ́rɨ́ɨ́ku-ʔi, kíttɨ-ʔi, tútúku-ʔi See Language page
Akawaio agɨdɨ a'gɨdɨ inheritance Proto-Carib See Language page
Apalai ihkohnõko ihkohnõko inheritance See Language page
Wayana oko, akët oko, akǝt inheritance See Language page
Tiriyó ahkë(të) ahkǝ(tǝ) inheritance See Language page
Makiritare čūhiya-dɨ; yaʔka-dɨ (IDS) čūhiya-dɨ; yaʔka-dɨ (IDS) inheritance See Language page
Mapoyo enu'sapë'bë enu'sapɛ'bɛ See Language page
Wai Wai wɨ-hkoto-∅,w-aama-∅ wɨ-hkoto-∅,w-aama-∅ inheritance See Language page
Waimiri Atroari -erekyty- -erekɨtɨ- See Language page
Yabarana 'wɜɾe ʝake'teɾi, ʝake'tɨɾi (I cut) See Language page
Yukpa junko, jujko, jütkapo, kámpsimak, kántimak, narek, nariksi, pensusku, punku, sujti, sujtipi, sukté, sukti, tetke, tukje, tukte, tarik, tukesi, utitpo See Language page
Muisca zemascasuca tʂemaskasuka See Language page
Barí aɨgdaḳan Colombia: ʔadyikaynə. See Language page
Northern Emberá kṍi kṍi See Language page
Epena tʰɨɨ-; tʰɨa-pʰe- Latter is 'cut-instrument'. See Language page
Guayabero tasíapa doubtful loan see Candoshi, Jivaroan See Language page
Macaguan ukápet doubtful loan Carib See Language page
Cuiva tʰába cortar, cut Huber & Reed 1992:329
Playero ukubabáne ('picar' - 'mince', ukúta, ka-híaka) See Language page
Cofán chhiyiye, chattuye tʃhijijɛ, tʃathɯjɛ phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra tsópamaama (~ meat), tapósimaama (~ skin), kpómaama (~ until skin/tree bleeds) tsópamaama, tapósimaama, kpómaama loan, direction unknown Jivaroan See Language page
Taushiro avanta' quei'co awandaʔ qɨiʔko See Language page
Páez gueca, pasha, tuguec geka, pasha, tugek See Language page
Tikuna na2na3che4xe3 (A58) nanatʃeʔe unique See Language page
Urarina saï saʉ unique See Language page
Camsa xatɨtɕána xatɨtɕána See Language page
Andoke ʌafo (to saw) ʌaɸo (to saw) loan, direction unknown Ocaina aaßo See Language page
Pumé kǫapá See Language page
Puinave [-pan] (general term); [-ei] (~ down) pan; ei unique See Language page
Ashuar charúktin tʃaruktin See Language page
Huambisa tsupiktasa tsupiktasa See Language page
Aguaruna tsúpit, kúwaut tsupit, kuwaut loan (into protolanguage?), direction unknown Candoshi See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect gahɔ̃k, gahɔ̃g, ahɔ̃k, ga kɨ:t, ga kɨd inheritance; inheritance See Language page
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect hɔ̃̌k, hɔ̃g, ga kɨd See Language page
Matses sën, te sɨn, te unknown See Language page
Kakataibo tuka-ti Also tukapa-ti 'to cut apart and let fall'; rani-ti; ka'pɨ-ti; tɨa-ti 'to cut into many pieces'; sɨn-ti 'to saw, to cut'; maṣ̌ku-ti 'to cut the hair'. *Panoan *ṣ̌aʔtɨ- 'to cut off'. See Language page
Katukina šatɨ- See Language page
Pacahuara 'kɨɨsakia Means 'I cut'. See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo čapaati; c̷ɨkãti; ṣ̌atɨ- See Language page
Yaminahua ṣ̌atɨ-kĩ See Language page
Chácobo pɨrɨṣ̌a-; c̷ɨiʔawɨ pɨrɨṣ̌a-; c̷ɨiʔawɨ unknown See Language page
Yagua jaruy; xaru:j unique See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua chillpina, pitina tʃiʎpina, pitina See Language page
Ingá kuchui, lisiachii kutʃui, lisiatʃii See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua pitina pitina See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano kuchuy kutʃuy See Language page
Piaroa kwi'opü kwi'ɤpɯ unknown See Language page
Sáliva loadajaha, nañadajaha loadahaʔa, naɲadahaʔa unknown See Language page
Bará -ta See Language page
Barasano ta- ta- See Language page
Carapana ji'sé ji'sé See Language page
Makuna boje-re (identical with split); jata-re (with a machete); quẽa-re (with an axe); wẽje-re (with a machete); yije-re (into little slices) boxe-ɾe; xata-ɾe; kẽa-ɾe; wẽxe-ɾe; jixe-ɾe unknown See Language page
Yuruti 'táa- 'táa- See Language page
Waikhana jɨʔ're- jɨʔ're- See Language page
Siriano di'tí- di'tí- See Language page
Tanimuca taʔ'te ri'ka; to'a ri'ka taʔ'te ri'ka; to'a ri'ka inheritance See Language page
Tatuyo jihe jihe See Language page
Tuyuka taá taá See Language page
Waimaja táa(-), wi'dé taa táa(-), wi'dé taa See Language page
Koreguaje chʉtomʉ dʒʉtomʉ unknown See Language page
Siona te'nteji, tẽ'caji teʔntehi, tẽʔkahi unknown See Language page
Secoya cueñe kwæ̃ñɛ See Language page
Karitiana sing sing unknown See Language page
Kokama tsaquɨta tsakɨta doubtful loan Arawak See Language page
Wayampi -kɨsi -kɨsi inheritance See Language page
Aché piãʔã unique See Language page
Chiriguano kɨ̃ti unknown See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní kɨtĩ See Language page
Sirionó ɲisia; kʸišĩ̯; ɲui̯ ɲisia; kʸišĩ̯; ɲui̯ unknown; inheritance See Language page
Kamayurá a'ɨp, kɨtsi a'ɨp, kɨtsi unknown; inheritance See Language page
Ocaina baah; aavo; juubo; xaajo baaʔ; aaβo; hɯɯbo; zaaho unknown; doubtful loan Andoke See Language page
Nɨpode Witoto haidá-de haidá-dɛ See Language page
Minica Witoto haitá-de, kotá-de haitá-dɛ, kotá-dɛ See Language page
Murui Witoto tɨede, haita-de, kota-de tɯɛdɛ (B83), haita-dɛ, kota-dɛ inheritance/Witoto See Language page
Iquito sajiini sahiini unique See Language page
Záparo mahaanu mahaːnu See Language page
Wari wak, wawak; nakamʔ, nakarkamʔ; ta wak, wawak; nakamʔ, nakarkamʔ; ta E.g., cut grass, cloth, etc. 'to cut (hair)' wiyak. See Language page
Araona hikʷi; sasa; hala/laha With knife, machete, scissors, respectively. Also kʷe, cut with ax or machete. Also semihi, cut in little pieces; sepi, cut in pieces; seo, cut in half. *Tacn form is *śiki-. See Language page
Ese Ejja hewi-; ixiasexameeka- inheritance See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo haa-kwe haa-kwe See Language page
Tacana ðaða-; raha-; siki-, boď̶eď̶e- Respectively: with machete, scissors/knife; to cut something soft; to slice; to chop. Also rihi-; and čaðeo- 'prune'. See Language page
Cavineña hikʷi-ya; raro-ya (e.g. leaves); tobo; raka-ya (e.g. cloth) hikʷi-ya; raro-ya (e.g. leaves); tobo; raka-ya (e.g. cloth) inheritance See Language page
Central Aymara khariña kʰarxa-ɲa; kʰučxa-ɲa See Language page
Cayuvava sɨkɨrɨ; sɨsɨkɨ; kɔæræ See Language page
Itonama itˀiʔtʸe Various forms for 'cut', depending on the part of the body. See Language page
Kwazá ba-, by-, hadai-, hydy- ba-, by-, hadai-, hydy- See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané 'tœc̷he See Language page
Movima ɗaha-čo-na ɗaha-tʃo-na See Language page
Trumai (ha) šɨ; (haits) naha (ha) šɨ; (haits) naha unique See Language page
Kaingang kym, kykym kɨm; kɨkɨm See Language page
Suyá nú nú See Language page
Djeoromitxi äre, kuka ǝre, kuka See Language page
Chipaya lar-š; rik-š To cut with a hard instrument (two hard pieces), such as teeth, pliers, or rocks, is kˀutš. To cut off is murš. See Language page
Mocoví i-čaʁa-wek Lit. '3p actor-cut-out, off'. See Language page
Pilagá y-apiat See Language page
Toba i-pelek; y-apiat See Language page
Lengua #NAME? See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité apiɬyikhaayi; ampiɬyikhaayi See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet neŋyemyekhaam Also neŋyaʔtamanma; neŋeŋkeem; neŋyetepkeskama. See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay y-i'set See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja akatam; -ewaxam See Language page
Maca #NAME? See Language page
Nivaclé -tˀowos cut https://ids.clld.org/
Ayoreo akesuʔ See Language page
Mapudungun kaṭ͡ʀɨ Same in Ranquel. See Language page
Qawasqar c̷era- Also Em records kenc̷as; oftak. Bo records c̷ereseso for Central QWS. Fi, Hy record kopa for South QWS. See Language page
Selknam pˀa To cut something long. ʔòytè is 'cut fur for clothes'. See Language page
Tehuelche 'čˀer-; 'wepˀlpˀ-; 'tˀa/eḳˀnk The latter refers to a thing cut. See Language page
Kanamarí tukmam tɯkmam cortar Magalhães 2018:378
Lokono bikhin bikʰin cut Pet 1987:354
Kariña ỳkoto ɨhkoto cut Courtz 2007:432