Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

live/be alive

Semantic Field: body
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: vivir
Meaning Portuguese: viver, morar

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Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Loan Source	General Notes	Source
Aché		ekõ		inheritance			See Language page
Aguaruna	pujút	puxut		inheritance			See Language page
Akawaio	gokmannö	gɔʔmannö		inheritance			See Language page
Andoke	'-pĩ́	'-pĩ́		unique			See Language page
Apalai	ehse	ehse		unique			See Language page
Araona		ize; neti; c̷eiɲeba				neti also means 'stand' 12.150, a position morpheme. See 'day' 14.410.	See Language page
Ashuar	pujút	puxut					See Language page
Ayoreo		ee'kai; ue'kai				Cf. 'widow' 02.760. Also ee'ka; ue'ka; puk-u'e-kaariŋeei.	See Language page
Bankalachi Toloim	oo'-lah-pul 177			unknown
Barí		dobaɨgbari; baɨgbari				Colombia: ʔadyinə.	See Language page
Baure	čo-'ko-	tʃo-'ko-		inheritance			See Language page
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone	missing			missing
Bora	ijcya (T98)	ixkʰja		inheritance			See Language page
Cahuilla	kwapiqalet “living”			unknown			S&H 1979
Camsa	ainá (alive)	ainá (alive)					See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra	támaama	támaama		unique			See Language page
Canela		twə					See Language page
Carapana	ãnajẽ	ãnaxẽ					See Language page
Carijona	nai (alive, adj.)			inheritance			See Language page
Cavineña	ani-ya; hoiyomata-ya; honeni-ya	ani-ya; hoiyomata-ya; honeni-ya		inheritance			See Language page
Cayuvava		porohi					See Language page
Central Aymara	qamaña	xaka-ɲa					See Language page
Central Sierra Miwok	hi7a:/-mu- (N)			unknown
Cha'palaa		'ču-nu; 'ču-ndu; 'ču-mi				Also 'ču-nu 'tinbu. 'Alive' is su-.	See Language page
Chemehuevi	nywy/-ga7i			inheritance
Chipaya		ṣ̌et-š; ṣ̌eti				Latter form is noun form.	See Language page
Chiriguano		-ikowe; t-ekowe		inheritance			See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja		#NAME?					See Language page
Chumash Barbareno	7al'ek'en			inheritance			Wash 2001:18
Chumash Ineseno	atyk; satsatik “he is alive” A76:272			unknown			A 133
Chumash Obispeno	chqe7 “esta vivo”			inheritance			JPH
Chumash Ventureno	k'alitpe, k'alititpe “estoy vivo (not dead”			unknown			JPH
Chácobo	βɨso	βɨso		unique			See Language page
Cocopa	7i:pa/T; ci:pa/y (human)			inheritance
Cofán	canseye	kansɛjɛ				phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS	See Language page
Comanche	kahtY			inheritance
Cubeo	cʉcʉ	kɨkɨ		unique			See Language page
Cupeño	qusa'-0	[quˈsaɁ]		inheritance
Desano	ojocari-ri	ohokaɾi-ɾi		inheritance			See Language page
Djeoromitxi	hõna	hõna					See Language page
Dâw	nĩì	nĩ̂		doubtful loan (into proto-language?)	Tukanoan		See Language page
Epena		čo'kʰai bɨ				Lit. 'awake be'. Cf. 'sleep' 04.610.	See Language page
Ese Ejja		eše-; baʔe-		inheritance			See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo	ani-kwe; baʔe- (Girard 1971)	ani-kwe; baʔe-					See Language page
Esselen	enne foila “I am well”			unknown			Pinart (Heizer)
Eñepa	onkono; onkono-pe (IDS)	onkono; onkono-pe (IDS)		inheritance			See Language page
Gabrielino	yaya:yt “alive ones”			unknown
Gajirrabeng	mooling			unique	NJ
Gurindji	wanji karri-			inheritance
Hodï	'hoa bẽɨ			unique			See Language page
Huambisa	pujustasa	puxustasa					See Language page
Hup	ʔɨb-, ni-	ʔɨb-, ~di-		unknown; doubtful loan (into proto-language?)	Tukanoan		See Language page
Ignaciano		-'itaresira				Also -'itareka; -'awiʔa.	See Language page
Iipay 'Aa	nyewaayp	[ɲəˈwaˑip]		inheritance
Ingá	kausgai	kausgai					See Language page
Iquito	ihuiini	iwiini		unknown			See Language page
Itonama		siyumaʔna					See Language page
Kaingang	rĩr, nĩ	rĩr; Φɛ mrir					See Language page
Karajá		iru					See Language page
Kariña	emamy	emamɨ	reach day light; live				Courtz 2007:254
Katukina		βopi-ʔama; čĩnã					See Language page
Kawaiisu	kary SG			inheritance
Kija	X
Kiliwa	ipaa-y, p-ipaa-y “vivo, sanar			inheritance
Kitanemuk	yaynat “alive”			inheritance
Kokama	caquɨrɨ	kakɨrɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Koreguaje	pa'imʉ, vajʉmʉ	paʔimʉ, baxʉmʉ		inheritance			See Language page
Kotiria	kha'ti	kʰaʔti		inheritance	E Tuk		See Language page
Kwazá	bukwa-, a-	bukwa-, a-					See Language page
Lake Miwok	Su/kuh			unknown
Lengua		yinnakte -neŋyak				Means 'strength of the chest'.	See Language page
Lokono	kakyn	kakɨn	live				Pet 1987:362
Luiseño	7a:w- (singular subject)			unknown
Maca		#NAME?					See Language page
Macaguan	nar ('live, reside')	nar		unknown			See Language page
Maidu	ho/nwe			inheritance
Maihiki	baiyi	baiji		inheritance			See Language page
Makiritare	wenɲə (IDS)	wenɲə (IDS)		unique			See Language page
Makuna	cati-re	kati-ɾe		inheritance			See Language page
Makushi	koʔmamɨ (IDS)	koʔmamɨ (IDS)		inheritance			See Language page
Mapoyo	anoi-ri	anoi-ri					See Language page
Mapudungun		moŋen				Same form in Ranquel.	See Language page
Matses	tabad	tabad		unknown			See Language page
Miriwung	mooling			unique	NJ
Mocoví		nee-ta-lek					See Language page
Mojave	pi'ipay=, wa 'ipay=			inheritance
Mosetén-Chimané		bœ'yi; c̷aa'ki				Respectively: 'live' and 'living'.	See Language page
Movima	i-teʔ-ni	i-teʔ-ni					See Language page
Muinane	ícahi (W97)	íkaʔi					See Language page
Muisca	zica, mica	tʂika, mika					See Language page
Murui Witoto	ite	itɛ (B83)		unknown			See Language page
Mutsun	TiiTi “be alive, get well”, Titi “live”			unknown			NW (JPH)
Nadëb/Roçado dialect		nɨ, nʌ:, na:		doubtful loan (into proto-language?)	Tukanoan		See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua	causana	kausana					See Language page
Nheengatu	murári	murari		loan	Portuguese		See Language page
Nisenan	wada “alive”			inheritance
Nivaclé		-manɬa; -manɬa-ʔin	live, living, life; live, living, life			Also -manɬa-yaš.	https://ids.clld.org/
Northern Emberá	zokkáibʉ	zokkáibʉ					See Language page
Northern Paiute	nymy (sg);			inheritance			SAA 1982:62
Northern Sierra Miwok	cope- “alive”			inheritance
Ocaina	naavi; aan/ uun; xooba	naaβi; ãã/ ɯ̃ɯ̃; xooba		unknown			See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní		(ai)kove; (ai)ko; t-ekove				Respectively: intransitive verb; intrans.; noun form.	See Language page
Paresi	tyaona 'be, live, stay'	tyaona 'be, live, stay'		inheritance			See Language page
Pemon	e-pueti, kowama, ichi (A1981); ko'wamü (M2000)	epueti, kowama, itʃi (A1981)		inheritance			See Language page
Piapoco	nùyaca	nùjaka					See Language page
Piaroa	hɨ'ɨh	hɨɁɨh		unknown			See Language page
Pilagá		ne-kʔal-'eege				Lit. '3pa-alive-out'.	See Language page
Plains Miwok	hese-			inheritance
Puinave	[-huk]	huk		unique			See Language page
Pumé	kjõrõ						See Language page
Páez	fi´nze-	fiʔnze-					See Language page
Qawasqar		ḳsḳyal					See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano	kawsay, yachay	kawsaj, yatʃaj					See Language page
Salinan A	o/xoyo:te7 (A), ),			unknown
Salinan M	o/xoyo:ta'p 'live, exist'			unknown			Mason 1918:145
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité		apmokhamanki; amokhamanki					See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet		neŋma; nenteyaaskamˀ; neŋeleeywaam; eŋhaɬnaŋkooʔ					See Language page
Selknam		wa				'Life' is wa-hn.	See Language page
Seri (Comcaac)	ccam			unknown
Serrano	hi:k “breathe, be alive or well”			inheritance
Shipibo-Konibo		nɨtɨ; hiri-a; hati					See Language page
Sikuani	itawa (3), aitawa (3), jinawanapa (35), jinawonopa (3), jinonopa (3), panapana (2), ponapona (2)			unknown			See Language page
Siona	ba'iji	baʔihi		inheritance			See Language page
Sirionó	ereko; siki	ereko; siki		inheritance			See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua	cawsana	kawsana					See Language page
Southern Sierra Miwok	ky:li- “alive”			unknown
Southern Ute	kary (sg.)			inheritance
Tacana		eiď̶e					See Language page
Taushiro	ine	inɨ					See Language page
Tehuelche		'aykˀ-				Also means 'awake'.	See Language page
Tikuna	na-mán-ûn (Alv44)	naʔmánʔwun		unique			See Language page
Toba		n-kaʔal-eek; l-kaʔal-aʁaik					See Language page
Trinitario		itoriko				Noun form is itorisra. Also ʔčane, 'alive'.	See Language page
Tukano	ni	ni		inheritance			See Language page
Tümpisa Shoshone	nuwityhantysy			inheritance
Urarina	ne 'live, be'	ne 'live, be'		unique			See Language page
Wai Wai	wayΦɨ-ra	wayΦɨ-ra		unique			See Language page
Waimiri Atroari	nyry 'alive'	nɨrɨ 'alive'					See Language page
Walmajarri	wanji karr-			inheritance
Waorani	kẽwẽ			unique			See Language page
Wapishana	kakɨp (viver), maʃaʔap (morar)	kakɨp (viver), maʃaʔap (morar)		unknown			See Language page
Wappo	hu/h-shi7			unknown
Wari	eʔ	eʔ					See Language page
Washo	k'e/she			unknown			J263
Waurá	kutɨ	kutɨ		unique			See Language page
Wayampi	-wɛtɛyĩ	-wɛtɛjĩ		unknown			See Language page
Wayuu		ka-ta-a oʔu				Lit. 'to have skin the eye'.	See Language page
Western Mono	qati/-			inheritance
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay		iloy					See Language page
Wintu	moroq			inheritance
Yabarana		kɨʝaɾima (either "I live" or alive?)					See Language page
Yagua	cha (also "to be"); vicha, jnuy	tʃa; vitʃa, xnu:j		unique			See Language page
Yaminahua		nia; iki				Respectively: 'living, standing; to be'.	See Language page
Yanomami	kuo	kuo		unknown			See Language page
Yavapai	ya\...pe/: “be alive, be born”			inheritance
Yavitero	hac̷ika; huhe	hatsika; huhe					See Language page
Yine		hiweka					See Language page
Yokuts Yawdanchi	gho “be, sit, live”			inheritance			K07:248
Yokuts Yowlumne	xo:			inheritance			N1964
Yuhup	ni	~di		doubtful loan into protolanguage	Tukanoan		See Language page
Yuki	me\//-he\/ (CHM), meh-, m2h- “be, exist”			inheritance			S&S84
Yukpa	ochne						See Language page
Yukuna	i'imakaje	iʔimakahe		unknown			See Language page
Yuma	7i:pa/y “be alive, be human” H3:205			inheritance
Záparo	ikinyu	ikinju					See Language page


Aché
Aguaruna
Akawaio
Andoke
Apalai
Araona
Ashuar
Ayoreo
Bankalachi Toloim
Barí
Baure
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Bora
Cahuilla
Camsa
Candoshi-Shapra
Canela
Carapana
Carijona
Cavineña
Cayuvava
Central Aymara
Central Sierra Miwok
Cha'palaa
Chemehuevi
Chipaya
Chiriguano
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Ineseno
Chumash Obispeno
Chumash Ventureno
Chácobo
Cocopa
Cofán
Comanche
Cubeo
Cupeño
Desano
Djeoromitxi
Dâw
Epena
Ese Ejja
Ese Ejja/Huarayo
Esselen
Eñepa
Gabrielino
Gajirrabeng
Gurindji
Hodï
Huambisa
Hup
Ignaciano
Iipay 'Aa
Ingá
Iquito
Itonama
Kaingang
Karajá
Kariña
Katukina
Kawaiisu
Kija
Kiliwa
Kitanemuk
Kokama
Koreguaje
Kotiria
Kwazá
Lake Miwok
Lengua
Lokono
Luiseño
Maca
Macaguan
Maidu
Maihiki
Makiritare
Makuna
Makushi
Mapoyo
Mapudungun
Matses
Miriwung
Mocoví
Mojave
Mosetén-Chimané
Movima
Muinane
Muisca
Murui Witoto
Mutsun
Nadëb/Roçado dialect
Napo Lowland Quichua
Nheengatu
Nisenan
Nivaclé
Northern Emberá
Northern Paiute
Northern Sierra Miwok
Ocaina
Paraguayan Guaraní
Paresi
Pemon
Piapoco
Piaroa
Pilagá
Plains Miwok
Puinave
Pumé
Páez
Qawasqar
Quechua Ayacuchano
Salinan A
Salinan M
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet
Selknam
Seri (Comcaac)
Serrano
Shipibo-Konibo
Sikuani
Siona
Sirionó
Southern Pastaza Quechua
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Ute
Tacana
Taushiro
Tehuelche
Tikuna
Toba
Trinitario
Tukano
Tümpisa Shoshone
Urarina
Wai Wai
Waimiri Atroari
Walmajarri
Waorani
Wapishana
Wappo
Wari
Washo
Waurá
Wayampi
Wayuu
Western Mono
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay
Wintu
Yabarana
Yagua
Yaminahua
Yanomami
Yavapai
Yavitero
Yine
Yokuts Yawdanchi
Yokuts Yowlumne
Yuhup
Yuki
Yukpa
Yukuna
Yuma
Záparo

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