Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

thatch/roof

Semantic Field
culture-material
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
crisneja
Meaning Portuguese
palha, caraná

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes Word Structure Word Structure Notes General Notes Source
Kakua mɨ̌-nɨ̂w nɨw [leaf] unknown Compare Hup, Tukanoan Compound house-palm.leaf(type?) See Language page
Nheengatu apé, karanã, kawayá apé, karanã, kawayá unknown Simplex See Language page
Waorani õõ-ba-kõ unique Compound õõ-ba=fan (n.); õ-kõ= house See Language page
Hodï bãlaya unique Simplex See Language page
Yanomami kohere, ikiyare koheɾe, ikijaɾe unknown See Language page
Yanomam yaasfenak, kuai si (palm for thatch; WM99) yaasfenak, kuai si (palm for thatch; WM99) roofing leaves inheritance Proto Ninam/Yanomami/Yanomam Simplex See Language page
Ninam yaa-hena-k (ids) yaa-hena-k (ids) inheritance Proto Ninam/Yanomami/Yanomam Compound a kind of plant-leaf-plural See Language page
Kotiria mujiõ (Waltz) muhiõ (Waltz) inheritance Proto-Tukanoan Simplex See Language page
Cubeo chínañʉ tʃínaɲʉ thatch palm unique See Language page
Tukano muhî muhî inheritance Proto-Tukanoan Simplex See Language page
Desano mujire muhire inheritance See Language page
Maihiki edi ñi ja edi ɲi xã unknown Murui Witoto See Language page
Hup tɔ̌p-g'æt tɔ̌p-g'æt unique Compound house(archaic)=CL:leaf See Language page
Dâw poòy pɔ̂j  unique Simplex See Language page
Sikuani malenae (31) malénaé unknown See Language page
Macaguan ja-korchít pe-jakatarabia unknown Complex See Language page
Guayabero ba-bɨ́t unknown See Language page
Makushi kuwai jare kuwai jare unknown Other complex kuwai=??; yare= leaf See Language page
Eñepa wana'ipun, echipun, Var. I'chipun (MM) wanaʔipun, echipun, Var. iʔchipun (MM) unknown osae= kind of palm; yan= leaf See Language page
Yukuna karu kaɾu inheritance See Language page
Tariana yépu, pune-pína jépu, pune-pína unknown cf. Cocama (Tupi) pinawa Alternate: jépu, pune-pína Simplex See Language page
Wapishana dyɨwɨẓɨadaʔɨ dyɨwɨẓɨadaʔɨ unknown Also: anabaj (Santos 2006) See Language page
Baniwa ttíña t̪íɲa inheritance Simplex See Language page
Resígaro kaádó kaádó inheritance See Language page
Achagua náanimaʃi náanimaʃi unknown See Language page
Kabiyari t̪íija t̪íija See Language page
Yavitero hu'ne¢i (thatch roof) huʔnetsi (thatch roof) See Language page
Paresi kaˈlana; malamala kaˈlana; malamala loan, unknown Tupi-Guarani See Language page
Ignaciano muihi See Language page
Baure čipi tʃipi unknown See Language page
Waurá ažata; ikic̷i ažata; iki¢i unknown See Language page
Cha'palaa 'haki; ya 'haki See Language page
Bora ajɨ axɨ inheritance See Language page
Muinane jáje (W97) xáxe See Language page
Apalai marariary marariarɨ unknown See Language page
Tiriyó pakoro (roof of a house) pakoro unknown See Language page
Wai Wai mɨɨmo Φo-či mɨɨmo Φo-či unknown See Language page
Yukpa kuamo, kubamo, karana kuamo, kubamo, karana See Language page
Northern Emberá ho'a- 'thatch' (IDS) ho'a- 'thatch' (IDS) See Language page
Epena te 'kʰiru Lit. 'house leaf'. See Language page
Cofán ccaqueje khakyɛhɛ phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra yarápaya jaɾápaja loan Quechua See Language page
Taushiro ahan ahan See Language page
Tikuna tchú-ná (Alv44) tʃúʔná unknown See Language page
Camsa tsíxnaɲe, bonxanána tsíxnaɲe, bonxanána See Language page
Pumé udi (thatch); čʰoã-reã (roof) See Language page
Puinave soyõn sojõn unique See Language page
Ashuar núka najántramu nuka najantra mu See Language page
Huambisa shikiri ʃikiri See Language page
Aguaruna duka inumha hɨgamk-amu (IDS) duka inumha hɨgamk-amu inheritance See Language page
Nukak nɛɛʔ3at1 unknown See Language page
Yuhup mɔy-k'ǽt ~bɔy-k'ǽt See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect kapɔːɲ, tapɔːɲ unique possibly cognate Dâw See Language page
Matses cacho 'roof' katʃo 'roof' unknown See Language page
Kakataibo ṣ̌ɨo See 'weave, hammock, net bag'. See Language page
Katukina pɨʔi Also means 'feather' 04.393; 'leaf' 08.560. See Language page
Yaminahua ṣ̌ɨpa pɨšɨ See Language page
Chácobo ṣ̌ɨpamɨ ("roof") ṣ̌ɨpamɨ ("roof") inheritance See Language page
Yagua saru sarũ unique See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua irapai iɾapai See Language page
Piaroa wE'módeh 'roof' (K76) wæʔmódeh 'roof' unknown See Language page
Carapana mui mũi See Language page
Kokama pinawa pinawa inheritance See Language page
Wayampi ɔwi ɔwi unknown See Language page
Chiriguano kapii inheritance See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní 'oɣa-hoʔi-kapiʔi See Language page
Sirionó kiata; tai ~ tei; tai kiite (the former is "thatch", the other two are "roof") kiata; tai ~ tei; tai kiite unknown See Language page
Ocaina ayíívi (thatched roof) ajííβi (thatched roof) unique See Language page
Murui Witoto ereji, erei ɛrɛhi, ɛrɛi (B83) unique See Language page
Iquito itaári itaári unique See Language page
Záparo pasaicha pasaitʃa See Language page
Wari torot (Sousa2009) torot (Sousa2009) See Language page
Ese Ejja ewisawiʔtaxi unknown See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo #NAME? See Language page
Cavineña noc̷a e-tare; c̷ohi (The former is "thatch"; the latter is "roof") noča e-tare; čohi unknown See Language page
Central Aymara wičʰu xičʰu See Language page
Kwazá hakikanɛxy hakikanɛxy See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané kaʔtap'haʔ Also means 'roof' 07.510, made of 'palma jatata'. See Language page
Movima ɗi-mas ɗi-mas See Language page
Trumai damok damok unique See Language page
Kaingang ẽkrè fòr ẽkɾɛ fɔɾ See Language page
Canela po See Language page
Djeoromitxi hi hi See Language page
Chipaya čoxša Refers to the 'tola' for the roof. Cf. Quechua 'hut' 07.130. also pʰit, 'straw'. See Language page
Pilagá ʔawaḳa-pi Lit. 'grass-plm'. See Language page
Toba ʔawaḳ-pi Lit. 'grass-plural many'. See Language page
Lengua paat ap-pakɬan-ma paat is 'grass' 08.510. See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité ao-aok Also apkilanaia paat apɬankok. See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet paʔat; awʔaok See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay hep Also means 'grass'. See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja sawo ipyek Lit. 'house-thatch'. See Language page
Nivaclé #NAME? See Language page
Mapudungun kɨna ruka See Language page
Bankalachi Toloim she-nil “arbor, brush roof-canopy” 187 unknown
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone missing missing
Cahuilla kis-vaxat unique S&H 1979
Chemehuevi taka/(a) inheritance
Chumash Barbareno 7ixti/sh inheritance Beeler 1978
Chumash Cruzeno 7ulushaw unknown JPH
Chumash Ineseno ixty7sh “roof, thatch” inheritance A 80
Chumash Ventureno 7ixty unknown JPH
Cocopa xanya:/r, xa:nya/:r “domed roof”, wa ya:l, way wal “roof of a ramada” unknown
Cupeño te:cho [te:tʃo] loan
Kawaiisu chikupu-wa=aka kahni-ja unknown
Kiliwa h+say (vb) unknown Mixco 1985
Kitanemuk hama7n (“grass”) inheritance
Lake Miwok cu/ulculu “one-way roof” unknown
Luiseño kotla-sh unknown Elliott
Mojave 7amayly inheritance
Plains Miwok hi:ni- “thick roof” unknown
Salinan A tex unknown Pinart (Heizer)
Salinan M missing missing
Seri (Comcaac) haaco isxa/p unknown
Southern Sierra Miwok lil:e-m:-t:Y-7-hY: inheritance
Southern Ute kani7Uvwa7aag'atY unique
Tübatulabal wattangaa-n hanniiling “the top of the house” unique
Wappo wi/l'ukh unknown
Washo dáŋal gumʔuʔwá:dap unknown Washo Project
Wintu tis (on brush hut), unknown
Yavapai cha/:he “top, roof” unknown
Yuma cape/T “to thatch” H5:102 inheritance
Gajirrabeng X missing
Gurindji kantata unique
Kija X missing
Miriwung X missing
Walmajarri ? missing
Lokono ado(-ho) ado(-ho) roof Pet 1987:369
Kariña ahpei ahpei weave roof Yamada 2010:707