Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

ash

Semantic Field
environment
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
ceniza(s)
Meaning Portuguese
cinzas

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Bankalachi Toloim tong'-ul 187 inheritance
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone ku-kkwi-ppyh “smoke, ashes” inheritance
Cahuilla nisxish inheritance S&H 1979
Central Sierra Miwok jy/m:i- (hot ashes) inheritance
Chemehuevi kuca-p(y) inheritance Press 1979
Chumash Barbareno 7alushpawat unknown Wash 2001:52
Chumash Cruzeno iqsha inheritance Klar 1977:67
Chumash Ineseno 7al-ush-pawat inheritance A 193
Chumash Obispeno t-qsanu, c-qsanu inheritance Klar 1977:67
Chumash Ventureno 7ixsha inheritance Klar 1977:67
Cocopa xm7uL inheritance
Comanche etysipy unique
Cupeño weshki-sh [wəʃˈkiʃ] unique
Gabrielino ko$i:y, ku$i:y inheritance
Iipay 'Aa 'empill [Ɂəmˈpɪɫ] unknown
Kawaiisu kuca-py inheritance
Kiliwa mituw unknown
Kitanemuk kukut inheritance
Lake Miwok wi/ilok inheritance
Luiseño te:lingi-sh inheritance
Maidu p'idu/si inheritance
Mojave ham'uuly inheritance Munro et al. 1992
Mutsun yo:kon unknown O77:61
Nisenan jol unknown
Northern Paiute kutusiby inheritance Stubbs 08
Northern Sierra Miwok sik:e- inheritance
Plains Miwok sik:e- inheritance
Salinan A Ta7a/i (A), unknown
Salinan M TapaiH, Top'ai' unknown Mason 1918:133
Seri (Comcaac) hant imac “earth middle” unknown
Serrano kuku-t inheritance
Southern Paiute qut:ca-G “light gray; ashes” G is geminating transition inheritance
Southern Sierra Miwok sik:e inheritance
Southern Ute kUchapY, kunavI inheritance
Tübatulabal toongol inheritance
Tümpisa Shoshone kuttuhupin, inheritance
Wappo he/lpipol' unknown
Washo t'sa/pu(7) unknown J1958:200
Western Mono asiya/by/, esiya/by/, siya/by/ inheritance
Wintu bukul inheritance
Yavapai (?)mhu\/(:)l, (?)mhu/(:)l inheritance
Yokuts Palewyami hapac inheritance K 1963
Yokuts Yawdanchi hapac (hapash) x inheritance K07:233
Yokuts Yowlumne hiT'el (N1) and N 154 hit'el- inheritance K 1963
Yuki po7oT'el inheritance S&S1984
Yuma xam7u:/ly H3:208 inheritance
Baniwa wádzoɺe wádzoɺe doubtful loan, direction unknown Yabarana Carib 'wastu', 'watsu'; not found in other Arawak or Carib languages in database See Language page
Carijona werenə inheritance See Language page
Cubeo ũacovʉ ĩakovɨ unknown See Language page
Dâw xu’ xuʔ inheritance See Language page
Desano nuja nuha inheritance See Language page
Eñepa tukəənə (IDS) tukəənə (IDS) unique See Language page
Hodï i'neo unique See Language page
Waorani gõ-dãi unique See Language page
Hup teg hɔ́w, tuh ('char') teg hɔ́w, tuh inheritance See Language page
Kakua tɨ̂̃-hǔ̃ʔ [wood-ash] inheritance See Language page
Makushi runuʔpɨ (IDS) runuʔpɨ (IDS) inheritance See Language page
Nheengatu tanimbuka tanimbuka inheritance See Language page
Ninam tšɨpɨšik (EM72) tʃɨpɨʃik inheritance See Language page
Nukak hũũʔ2 inheritance See Language page
Pemon werunapue (A1981); weruna'pö (M2000) weɾunapue (A1981) inheritance See Language page
Resígaro ókóniigiJíhú ókóniigiJíhú unique See Language page
Sanumá mašta pɨ (EM72) maʃta pɨ unique See Language page
Sikuani ipumana (3) inheritance Sik-Cuiva-Playero group See Language page
Tariana kádali kádali unique See Language page
Tukano nohâ nohâ inheritance E Tuk See Language page
Kotiria niti; pichaca nuja (Waltz) niti; piʧaka nuja (Waltz) inheritance E Tuk See Language page
Yanomam yɨpušip jɨpuʃip inheritance See Language page
Yanomami ushipë, yupu shi(pë), yupu una(pë) uʃipə, jupu ʃi(pə), jupu una(pə) inheritance See Language page
Yukuna pai'ilá, pari'ilá paiʔilá, pariʔilá inheritance See Language page
Yuhup tuh tuh semantic shift See Language page
Gajirrabeng boonang loan Ngarinyin
Gurindji puna unique Warlpiri
Kija kawurn-pe loan
Miriwung boonang loan Ngarinyin
Walmajarri jumpul unknown
Achagua ba:li ba:li inheritance See Language page
Piapoco balìi, ibalìiná balìi, ibalìiná See Language page
Kabiyari pa'ari (Ramirez, 2001) pa'ari (Ramirez, 2001) See Language page
Yavitero jalítsi halítsi See Language page
Wapishana paɽitiʔi paɽitiʔi inheritance Proto North Arawak See Language page
Mandawaka háli háli See Language page
Wayuu paľiiʔi ~ paľiʔi See Language page
Yine čiči-pahi pahi is 'dust' 01.213, also used in 'pollen'. See Language page
Paresi niyehe nijehe unique See Language page
Ignaciano c̷imapa See Language page
Trinitario c̷mapa See Language page
Baure po'ip (pl) po'ip (pl) unique See Language page
Waurá wehepe wehepe unique See Language page
Cha'palaa ɲii-pe; 'huʔ-pe Respectively: also means 'sand' 01.215; 'burn-rot/ remains/ excrement'. See Language page
Bora pá-čiíxʸï pá-tʃiíxʲɯ inheritance See Language page
Muinane bai-gííxɨ bai-gííxɨ See Language page
Akawaio uuruumöröpö (ashes) urumö'röpö (ashes) inheritance See Language page
Apalai oruno oruno inheritance See Language page
Tiriyó əreinə əreinə inheritance See Language page
Makiritare wedēnnə (IDS) wedēnnə (IDS) inheritance See Language page
Mapoyo kamarastu kamarastu See Language page
Wai Wai wemronho ~ wermonho wemronho ~ wermonho inheritance See Language page
Waimiri Atroari ikry ikrɨ See Language page
Yabarana wastu,pɜɾɜmu-tunuspɜ, 'watsu pɨɾubu'tu See Language page
Kalapalo lumbe lumbe unique See Language page
Muisca fusque, sucta puske, sukta See Language page
Barí ibuungdyi *Chibchan form is *bur-; *bu'rũ. See Language page
Northern Emberá ntarrá ntarrá See Language page
Epena itʰa'bar̃e 'pʰora Lit. 'fireplace dust'. See Language page
Guayabero weruʔsa unique See Language page
Macaguan ismár ismár unique See Language page
Cuiva ipúna ceniza, ash Huber & Reed 1992:57
Playero ipúmana See Language page
Cofán cusepa kɯsɛpa phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra pozachi po̢satʃi unique See Language page
Taushiro tu'ca tuʔka See Language page
Páez acoz akoz See Language page
Tikuna ta3ni3ma3ca5 (A58) tanimaka loan Tupi-Guarani, prob. Nheengatu See Language page
Urarina ahaane (pl) aha:ne unique See Language page
Camsa xatinjá xatinjá See Language page
Andoke pãtakh(k)ohẽ(h) (RW52) unique See Language page
Pumé kjõdȩ pjurú See Language page
Puinave də-pɨp də-pɨp (pl.) unique See Language page
Ashuar yukúu jũkũ: See Language page
Huambisa pushurin puʃurin See Language page
Aguaruna yugkúnip jungkunip inheritance See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect Ɂo:j inheritance/semantic shift See Language page
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect Ɂɔ:j See Language page
Matses isisapuc isisapuk unique See Language page
Kakataibo či-mapo *Panoan *čiʔi mapo. See Language page
Katukina ṣ̌iʔi mapo See Language page
Pacahuara 'mišpo Arm čiinepo, chii nepo. See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo čii-mapo See Language page
Yaminahua čii mapo Lit. 'fire + dust' 01.213. See Language page
Chácobo čiʔi-mišpo (literally "fire-dust", čiʔi is "fire" and mišpo is "dust") čiʔi-mišpo (literally "fire-dust", čiʔi is "fire" and mišpo is "dust") inheritance See Language page
Yagua pupujuru pupuxuru unique See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua uchpa utʃpa See Language page
Ingá uchpa utʃpa See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua ushpa uʃpa See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano uchpa utʃpa See Language page
Piaroa añari'ca', ohkura ɨ'ca'pheh (K76) aɲariʔsaʔ, ohkura ɨʔsaʔpheh unknown See Language page
Sáliva emijõ emihõ unknown See Language page
Bará pe'ka-wã See Language page
Barasano õhã́ õhã́ See Language page
Carapana 'ṍwã́ 'ṍwã́ See Language page
Makuna õja õxa inheritance See Language page
Yuruti ũ'ã́ ũ'ã́ See Language page
Waikhana dũhũ'ã dũhũ'ã See Language page
Tanimuca ũã ũã inheritance See Language page
Tatuyo õ'wã See Language page
Tuyuka dũ'ã See Language page
Waimaja nũã́ nũã́ See Language page
Koreguaje ũhacʉta ũhakʉta inheritance See Language page
Siona yë'të jɨʔtɨ unknown See Language page
Secoya huata wã'ta See Language page
Karitiana isorokoj isoɾokoj unknown See Language page
Wayampi tanɛmu tanɛmu inheritance See Language page
Aché krẽbo doubtful loan Itonama koropo See Language page
Chiriguano taniᵐbu inheritance See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní taniᵐbu Cf. 'dust' 01.213. See Language page
Sirionó tata-ba; ekusubu tata-ba; ekusubu inheritance See Language page
Kamayurá tataopap (M2000) tataopap (M2000) inheritance See Language page
Ocaina ohtiihi oʔtiiʔi unique See Language page
Nɨpode Witoto hítu.egï hítu.ɛgɯ See Language page
Minica Witoto híθeɸo híθɛɸo See Language page
Murui Witoto huθeɸo huθɛɸo inheritance See Language page
Iquito puquíti pukíti unknown See Language page
Wari topakon topakon See Language page
Araona timo *Tacn form is *-mo. See Language page
Ese Ejja kʷaki-maxo; kʷaki-powi unique See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo powi (plural "ashes"); kwaki-powi (Girard 1971) powi; kwaki-powi See Language page
Tacana e-timo See Language page
Cavineña moro; e-tiki-muru (G71) (moro is plural form; also means "dust" and "sand", and part of the words for "dandruff" and "flour") moro; e-tiki-muru (G71) inheritance See Language page
Central Aymara ḳʰilʸa See Language page
Cayuvava čɔčɔkɔ See Language page
Itonama koropo See Language page
Kwazá hinũnã hinũnã See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané čim See Language page
Movima βeʔe-βus βeʔe-βus See Language page
Trumai somot ~ somot̯ somot ~ somot̯ unique See Language page
Kaingang mrẽj mrɛ̃y See Language page
Suyá tusér tusér See Language page
Karajá brɨbɨ Cf. 'dust' 01.213. Also dɨɨ. See Language page
Djeoromitxi kamẽ kamẽ See Language page
Chipaya ḳʰup See Language page
Mocoví lo See Language page
Pilagá 'halo See Language page
Toba alo See Language page
Lengua tahap See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité tahap See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet taahap See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay itoh-'muk Lit. 'fire-dust', 01.810 and 01.213. See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja taxlat (m.) See Language page
Maca loʔ (m.) See Language page
Nivaclé šnomax ashes Arribeños dialect has snomax. https://ids.clld.org/
Ayoreo 'uučuk-u'ru-i u'ru-i is 'dust/particles' 01.213. Cf. 'flour' 05.550. See Language page
Mapudungun ṭ͡ʀufken Cf. 'dust' 01.213. Ranquel form is livṭ͡ʀuvken. See Language page
Qawasqar aymaḳʰar Bo, Sk record tasel for Central QWS. See Language page
Selknam ʔ-è-apl See Language page
Tehuelche 'hep Also means 'dust' 01.213. See Language page
Lokono balisi balisi ash Pet 1987:350
Kariña werùnòpo weruʔnoʔpo ashes Courtz 2007:426