Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

correct/true

Semantic Field
quality
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
verdad, de veras
Meaning Portuguese
verdade

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone caanku “rightly, properly, well” inheritance
Cahuilla chepe/v loan direction unknown S&H 1979
Chemehuevi tyvi/samp(a) V inheritance
Chumash Barbareno 7inu “de veras”, be.true inheritance Wash 2001:128,181
Chumash Cruzeno lyqshta unknown JPH
Chumash Ineseno 7inu-Vch inheritance A79, 278
Chumash Obispeno ts'imyji7 “verdadero” unknown JPH
Chumash Ventureno washych “good, true, right”, washe7e7ech “pura verdad” unknown JPH
Cocopa nyxany “truly” inheritance
Comanche tokwetY “exact, proper, just right” loan into protolanguage
Cupeño icha:/m [Ɂitʃáam] inheritance
Esselen efes unknown Shaul 1995:230
Gabrielino CHM hi/yah-hah/-re “right” (vs wrong) unknown
Iipay 'Aa 'ehan [Ɂəˈxan̯] inheritance
Kawaiisu tyvi-shyvi “it is true” inheritance
Kiliwa chpiiy 49 “recto” inheritance
Kitanemuk mymk loan
Lake Miwok 7eme/ene unique
Luiseño 7a-Su:n (lit. “its-heart”) inheritance
Maidu hapa/ “of course, precisely” unknown
Mojave 7ahot= “good, correct”, chava'oor= “right, correct”, kuva'or= “right, correct”
Mutsun aamane “indeed, truly; “it is the truth” unknown NW (JPH)
Nisenan mydyk “true”; inheritance
Northern Paiute toki loan direction unknown Thornes 03:128
Northern Sierra Miwok ny:ma:tu- inheritance
Plains Miwok welwel inheritance
Salinan A (k)esnA/h “true” unknown
Salinan M tse'e 'truly' unknown Mason 1918:153
Seri (Comcaac) miizj “correctly” unknown
Serrano mym-q (vi) loan
Southern Paiute togi “just, right” loan direction unknown
Southern Sierra Miwok cytyH- loan direction unknown
Southern Ute tog'oi7itY loan direction unknown
Tübatulabal ty/wwy “rightly” loan
Tümpisa Shoshone tokwi” loan direction unknown
Wappo mehnit'a unknown
Washo i/:shib unknown J269
Western Mono tybizitusU “it's true” unknown
Wintu caluma inheritance
Yavapai vlwi_ “right, correct, proper”, lwi/ “correct” inheritance
Yokuts Yawdanchi me\'tc (me:7ch) inheritance K07:272
Yokuts Yowlumne mizhna' “indeed, surely” unknown K 1963, N 1944
Baniwa háapee háapee inheritance See Language page
Carijona aere (M2000) inheritance See Language page
Cubeo nurino (identical with right) nuɾino unique See Language page
Dâw xuúp xǔp inheritance See Language page
Desano diaye (identical with the lexical entry of right) diaje inheritance See Language page
Eñepa t-ah-se ehke (IDS) t-ah-se ehke (IDS) unknown See Language page
Hodï ʰtɨboiʰya unique See Language page
Waorani dõ ĩte unique See Language page
Hup dɔʔkěy dɔʔkěj unique See Language page
Kakua job3op3-diʔ4 [H&R] unique See Language page
Makushi yairɨ (IDS) yairɨ (IDS) inheritance See Language page
Nheengatu até (from eté= verdadeiro) atɛ (from ɛtɛ= verdadeiro) inheritance See Language page
Nukak huɛʔ2 unique See Language page
Maihiki iti ja ĩti xã unique See Language page
Pemon dairen (A1981); suraipan (M2000) daiɾen (A1981) inheritance See Language page
Sikuani xanía-hai (mean, 'decir la verdad' - 'tell the truth' inheritance See Language page
Tariana hápea hápea inheritance See Language page
Tukano waro waro unique See Language page
Kotiria potocã (Waltz) potokã (Waltz) unique See Language page
Yanomami peheti peheti unique See Language page
Yukuna kewákaje kewákahe unknown See Language page
Yuhup hub' hub' inheritance See Language page
Gajirrabeng yijeng inheritance
Gurindji yijarni loan
Kija yijiya- inheritance
Miriwung yijibbe inheritance
Walmajarri mapun loan Nyikina
Achagua jáawa jáawa unknown See Language page
Piapoco báisíiri iyú 'truly' báisíiri ijú 'truly' See Language page
Wapishana miʃu miʃu unknown See Language page
Wayuu ana-sɨ See Language page
Paresi alitere alitere unknown See Language page
Ignaciano tatupiru See Language page
Trinitario tsʔax See Language page
Waurá kamalažɨ; c̷ama; awɨžɨ (the first two are listed under "true", the latter under "correct/right") kamalažɨ; ¢ama; awɨžɨ unknown See Language page
Cha'palaa 'ʔura ~ 'uwa; 'šili Latter also means 'straight, in a line' 12.840. See Language page
Bora ímí, tʰeʔtḯxïkʰo, tsʰaímiyé ímí, tʰɛʔtɯ́xɯkʰo, tsʰaímijέ unknown See Language page
Muinane tḯkkóβo-bo, míyáá-no tɯ́kkóβo-bo, míjáá-no See Language page
Apalai nymyry nɨmɨrɨ unknown See Language page
Wayana mïhen mɨhen unknown See Language page
Tiriyó aerë aerǝ inheritance See Language page
Wai Wai t-akɨh-so / yaaro t-akɨh-so / yaaro unknown See Language page
Waimiri Atroari djapyma djapɨma See Language page
Yukpa ayinopnecha, jetáhera, jetájeraya, muej, namoraska, ochore, ochuru, senar, setáseranye, sénar, sévar, yai, yaye, yayempe, yayino, yayonopo, yupuke, yupunkanap See Language page
Muisca ocasa okasa See Language page
Barí ããkai See Language page
Northern Emberá hippá nṹmʉ, kĩrápe hippá nṹmʉ, kĩrápe See Language page
Epena 'pia Also means 'good'. See Language page
Guayabero dieʧpáˀ (means, 'decir la verdad' - 'tell the truth') unknown See Language page
Macaguan wɨ́ne unknown See Language page
Cuiva béta, xáinjei correcto, correct Huber & Reed 1992:344
Cofán ñoa´me ɲoaʔmɛ phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Páez paz paz See Language page
Urarina esi ɲae esi ɲae unique See Language page
Camsa tɕabá tɕabá See Language page
Andoke ʌhʌta (truthfully) ʌhʌta (truthfully) unique See Language page
Pumé tʰamõ See Language page
Puinave oi-bɨ-tep oi-bɨ-tep unique See Language page
Ashuar nekás nɨkas See Language page
Huambisa nekas nɨkas See Language page
Aguaruna dekás dɨkas inheritance See Language page
Matses abimbo abimbo inheritance See Language page
Katukina i-βi-s-aʔi See Language page
Yaminahua čʰa-dɛ-rĩ See Language page
Chácobo haʔano, haβiha (the former is listed under "correct, right", the latter under "true") haʔano, haβiha (the former is listed under "correct, right", the latter under "true") unknown See Language page
Yagua sitenu sı̃tenu unique See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua shutipa ʃutipa See Language page
Ingá sutipa sutipa See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua sirtu (Spanish loan) siɾtu See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano cheqan tʃeqan See Language page
Piaroa ɨ'co'peɨ'nE, co'peɨ'nE' (K76) ɨʔtsoʔpeɨʔnæ, coʔpeɨʔnæʔ unique See Language page
Sáliva õõcha õːʧa unique See Language page
Bará keo'ro See Language page
Barasano ríóho ríóho See Language page
Carapana 'ká-ríape, -ríta 'ká-ríape, -ríta See Language page
Makuna rioho rioho inheritance See Language page
Waikhana ke'oro ke'oro See Language page
Siriano di'ájé diʔájé See Language page
Tanimuca ri'ta ri'ta unique See Language page
Tatuyo ríape ríape See Language page
Tuyuka diabã'kɨ diabãʔkɨ See Language page
Waimaja ã́'jṹ, ã́'jṹ-ro ã́ʔjṹ, ã́ʔjṹ-ro See Language page
Koreguaje joremachʉ'oku xoremadʒʉʔoku unique See Language page
Siona te'e ruiñe teʔe ruiɲe unknown See Language page
Secoya cosoma'ñe kɔsɔmaʔñɛ See Language page
Kokama atsimin atsimin unknown See Language page
Wayampi ɛʔɛ ɛʔɛ inheritance See Language page
Aché ǰãpã-yãdɨ unknown See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní oĩporã; h-eko-katu; h-eko-porã See Language page
Sirionó boc̷epi boc̷epi unknown See Language page
Kamayurá ɑjetewɑt, ajete ɑjetewɑt, ajete inheritance See Language page
Ocaina jaanchonó hããčõó unique See Language page
Nɨpode Witoto ha.ḯ.kïgobe ha.ɯ́.kɯ̃gobɛ See Language page
Minica Witoto ñu.éra ɲu.έra See Language page
Murui Witoto mare marɛ unique See Language page
Iquito júura húura unknown See Language page
Záparo ityawraha itjawɾaha See Language page
Wari šoʔ ʃoʔ See Language page
Araona haa, hememe See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo eʔe hohinee (Girard 1971) eʔe hohinee See Language page
Tacana yataḳ-ta; y-ayamaḳ-či-giɲi See Language page
Cavineña yoneri; poša amadʸa; kwaca-wana (G71); neri (G71) yoneri; poša amadʸa; kwaca-wana (G71); neri (G71) unknown See Language page
Central Aymara cheqa čiḳa See Language page
Kwazá watxi, watxiwatxi-, jananãi- watxi, watxiwatxi-, jananãi- See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané 'kœc̷is (f.) See Language page
Movima čon-lo tʃon-lo See Language page
Trumai piʔtsʔi(-ake) piʔtsʔi(-ake), tsʔax(correct) unique See Language page
Kaingang mỹr, vẽnh-vĩ ki krow See Language page
Djeoromitxi kinẽẽ kinẽẽ See Language page
Chipaya werara See Language page
Mocoví y-aʔmaḳa-či-giɲi Lit. '3p actor-good-direct-down'. See Language page
Pilagá nakhoi See Language page
Lengua #NAME? See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité akpeywomoo; akpayheemoo See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet põtɨ See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay is 'aɬoho Cf. 'good' 16.710. See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja ixyetiʔ Also means 'true' 16.660. See Language page
Maca hac̷ ɬewis See Language page
Nivaclé yiwoy-eš-čˀe right, correct https://ids.clld.org/
Ayoreo ipee'sute a'rei See 16.710. Means well done. See Language page
Mapudungun nor; kɨme See Language page
Selknam ʔènyè; pˀàʔ See Language page
Tehuelche 'kˀet- Also means 'good' 16.710. See Language page
Lokono kidua true. DeGoeje 1928:133
Kariña ne ro ne ro true, real Courtz 2010:106