Language | Orthographic Form | Phonemicized Form | Gloss as in Source | Etymology Code | Proto-Form | Proto-Language | Loan Source | Wanderwort Status | Etyma Set | Etymology Notes | Word Structure | Word Structure Notes | General Notes | Source |
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Language | Orthographic Form | Phonemicized Form | Gloss as in Source | Etymology Code | Proto-Form | Proto-Language | Loan Source | Wanderwort Status | Etyma Set | Etymology Notes | Word Structure | Word Structure Notes | General Notes | Source |
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Achagua | tʃáawidauʃi | tʃáawidauʃi | unique | arco | See Language page | |||||||||
Aché | rapa | inheritance | arco | See Language page | ||||||||||
Aguaruna | numi 'apun-bau (IDS); tumág (bow used as musical instrument) | numi 'apun-bau; tumág (bow used as musical instrument) | unique; inheritance | arco | See Language page | |||||||||
Akawaio | uuraba | uraba | inheritance | Proto-Carib | arco | See Language page | ||||||||
Andoke | pã́hã́sé | pã́hã́sé | unique | arco | See Language page | |||||||||
Apalai | taky | takɨ | unique | arco | See Language page | |||||||||
Araona | pic̷oe | 'Bowstring' is pic̷o-ema. | See Language page | |||||||||||
Ashuar | tíshimuk, balista (Spanish loan) | tiʃimuk, balista | arco | See Language page | ||||||||||
Ayoreo | 'dok-oo'hi; oo'hi | See 07.580. | See Language page | |||||||||||
Baniwa | dzawithíapo | dzawithíapo | inheritance | *tapo | Proto Arawak | Derived | dzawíta “to shoot” | arco | See Language page | |||||
Bankalachi Toloim | ah'-le | bow | inheritance | *aCta | Uto-Aztecan | Stubbs 2011 275 | other complex | Merriam 49:187 | ||||||
Barasano | tẽbṹ-bedo | tẽbṹ-bedo | arco | See Language page | ||||||||||
Bará | te'mu-rika-beto | arco | See Language page | |||||||||||
Baure | tipo'pok; -tipo | tipo'pok; -tipo | inheritance | arco | See Language page | |||||||||
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone | aiti, aitikko | bow and arrow, gun | inheritance | *aCta | Uto-Aztecan | Stubbs 2011 275 | simplex | Crapo 1976 | ||||||
Bora | tubóówa; tubo (bow & arrows) | tɯpoo-kwa | inheritance | cf. Proto-Arawak *[ta]po | arco | See Language page | ||||||||
Cahuilla | hul | bow | inheritance | *huca | Uto-Aztecan | Stubbs 63 | other complex | Seiler & Hioki 1979:58 | ||||||
Canela | kuuhe | arco | See Language page | |||||||||||
Carapana | wẽrĩcã beto, yeru beto | wẽrĩkã betɔ, jɛɾu bɛtɔ | arco | See Language page | ||||||||||
Carijona | cihamata, wakaca (SM) | unique | arco | See Language page | ||||||||||
Cavineña | etonono | etonono | semantic shift | from 'round/curved'? | arco | See Language page | ||||||||
Cayuvava | raupu | arco | See Language page | |||||||||||
Central Aymara | arku (Spanish loan) | aɾku | arco | See Language page | ||||||||||
Central Sierra Miwok | šól:oku- | bow (for shooting) | unique | maybe same as Mins sol:ok:u 'hazel tree, Corylus californica, is this used for bows? | simplex | Freeland & Broadbent 1960 | ||||||||
Cha'palaa | 'waan-'čuwa | Also 'sling' 20.230. | See Language page | |||||||||||
Chemehuevi | 7atsY | Y is voiceless schwa | bow | inheritance | *aCta | Uto-Aztecan | Stubbs 2011 275 | simplex | Harrington Chemehuevi Noun List (K. Hill 1969) | |||||
Chiriguano | (če-)wɨrapa | inheritance | arco | See Language page | ||||||||||
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja | loxsiʔ (m.) | Also means 'weapon' 20.210. | See Language page | |||||||||||
Chumash Barbareno | 7ax | bow, gun | inheritance | *aqa | Proto-Chumashan | simplex | Klar 1977 | |||||||
Chumash Ineseno | 7ax | hyphen on left | bow | inheritance | *aqa | Proto-Chumashan | Klar 1977:65;also ič-kuyan 'bow, weapon' p. 197 | simplex | Applegate 1972 | |||||
Chumash Obispeno | 7aqa | arco, bow | inheritance | *aqa | Proto-Chumashan | Klar 1977:65;also ič-kuyan 'bow, weapon' p. 197 | simplex | Harrington | ||||||
Chumash Ventureno | 7ax | bow | inheritance | *aqa | Proto-Central Chumash | simplex | Klar 1977 | |||||||
Chácobo | kanati | kanati | inheritance | arco | See Language page | |||||||||
Cocopa | 7i:cim(ayá:) | bow (and arrow) | inheritance | Proto-Yuman | JHH | simplex | 7ayá: 'willow' | Crawford 1989 | ||||||
Cofán | battittianccu | βathithi̡ãkhɯ | phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS arco | See Language page | ||||||||||
Comanche | eetY | bow for shooting arrows | inheritance | *aCta | Uto-Aztecan | Stubbs 2011 275 | simplex | Robinson & Armagost 1990 | ||||||
Cubeo | tẽ́mutarabʉ | tɛ̃́mutara-bɨ | inheritance | Proto-East Tukanoan | Classifier -bɨ | arco | See Language page | |||||||
Cuiva | biče-bi (CM72) | arco | See Language page | |||||||||||
Cupeño | kutapish | bow | inheritance | *kuCta | Uto-Aztecan | Stubbs 278, from 'wood'? | derived, other complex | Hill & Nolasquez 1973 | ||||||
Desano | buiribero | buiribero | inheritance | from bui 'shoot'? | Compound | buiri-bero; shoot-? | arco | See Language page | ||||||
Djeoromitxi | tewä | tewǝ | arco | See Language page | ||||||||||
Dâw | çok | cɔk | inheritance; unknown | Proto-DYH | Yagua kãnũ; Matses kanti; Cocama kanuti | Simplex | arco | See Language page | ||||||
Epena | ema'trɨma | Refers to hunting. | See Language page | |||||||||||
Ese Ejja | ekowixi | semantic shift | from 'round/curved'? | arco | See Language page | |||||||||
Ese Ejja/Huarayo | e-koi-xi; e-ko-wixi (Girard 1971) | e-koi-xi; e-ko-wixi (Girard 1971) | arco | See Language page | ||||||||||
Esselen | paxu-nax | bow | loan | Salinan M | Harrington copies as payunay | other complex | ncs -nax | Shaul 1995 | ||||||
Eñepa | kaʔka | kaʔka | unique | arco | See Language page | |||||||||
Gabrielino | pi-tro-ar, H. paytxot 'arco en general' | common bow | inheritance | *pakoti | Uto-Aztecan | Stubbs 277 | other complex | Merriam 49:101 | ||||||
Guayabero | fadoit, woijta; lut (R18) | ɸadói-t | unknown | (Also: wohita) | Simplex | arco | See Language page | |||||||
Hodï | lĩbẽlã ho | lĩbẽlã ho | bow, arrow? | unique | arco | See Language page | ||||||||
Huambisa | tumag | tumag | arco | See Language page | ||||||||||
Hup | g'ǐg b'ah | g'ǐg b'ah | inheritance | Proto-DYH | Derived | shoot.arrow= CL:split/flat.thing | arco | See Language page | ||||||
Ignaciano | -'ec̷iparaku ~ ic̷iparaku | arco | See Language page | |||||||||||
Iipay 'Aa | 7aatim | bow | inheritance | Proto-Yuman | JHH, looks weirdly like the UA word but that is an accident, see Kiliwa -tim | simplex | Couro & Hutcheson 1973 | |||||||
Ingá | árku (Sp., H&R) | árku (Sp., H&R) | arco | See Language page | ||||||||||
Iquito | rim+'+taja | rimɨ'ɨtaha | unknown | arco | See Language page | |||||||||
Itonama | i-nalo | arco | See Language page | |||||||||||
Kaingang | vyj | wɨy | arco | See Language page | ||||||||||
Kakataibo | kãti | *Panoan *kan[o/a]ti. | See Language page | |||||||||||
Kakua | ɲɨ̌p-at-tɨh | ɲɨ̌p-at-tɨh | unique | Other complex | throw.arrow-nmlz-hunt | arco | See Language page | |||||||
Kamayurá | ɨwɨrapat | ɨwɨrapat | inheritance | arco | See Language page | |||||||||
Kariña | yrapa | ɨrapa | bow | Yamada 2010:831 | ||||||||||
Karitiana | or´ep | oɾʔep | unknown | arco | See Language page | |||||||||
Katukina | kãti | arco | See Language page | |||||||||||
Kawaiisu | 7edy-(ci) | bow, rifle | inheritance | *aCta | Uto-Aztecan | Stubbs 2011 275 | other complex | Zigmond et al. 1990 | ||||||
Kiliwa | h+tim | rifle, bow | inheritance | Proto-Yuman | JHH | derived | Mixco 1985 | |||||||
Kitanemuk | pačukt | bow, collarbone | inheritance | *pakoti | Uto-Aztecan | Stubbs 277 | other complex | Anderton 1988 | ||||||
Kokama | kanuti | kanuti | loan | Panoan | arco | See Language page | ||||||||
Koreguaje | saocucupʉ | saokukupʉ | inheritance | arco | See Language page | |||||||||
Kotiria | bʉe~dete | bʉe~dete | inheritance | from bʉe 'shoot'? | Compound | arco | See Language page | |||||||
Kwazá | bilo | bilo | arco | See Language page | ||||||||||
Lake Miwok | kóono | bow, gun | inheritance | *kó:no | Proto-Miwok | Callaghan 1970:40 | simplex | Callaghan 1965 | ||||||
Lengua | pithpath | arco | See Language page | |||||||||||
Lokono | simalhabo | simaɽabo | bow | Pet 1987:352 | ||||||||||
Luiseño | kutapish | bow, ash tree | inheritance | *kuCta | Uto-Aztecan | Stubbs 278, from 'wood'? | derived, other complex | Elliott 1999 | ||||||
Maca | #NAME? | arco | See Language page | |||||||||||
Macaguan | pitsá-ne | pitsá-ne | inheritance | Simplex | arco | See Language page | ||||||||
Maidu | pándak' | bow, rifle | inheritance | *pandak | Proto-Maiduan | Shipley 1961:50; Callaghan 2001:330 says 'may be a kenning term' (from *pan 'roll string on leg" and *dak' 'stick or glue something' | simplex | Shipley 1963 | ||||||
Maihiki | toe aqu ja | tõẽ aku xã | inheritance | aku could be loan from Spanish arco | arco | See Language page | ||||||||
Makiritare | šimāda ehɨ̄dɨ (IDS); shima:da ehu:du (KH) | ʃima:da ehɨ:dɨ (IDS); ʃima:da ehu:du (KH) | unique | built from loan, see 'arrow' | arco | See Language page | ||||||||
Makuna | jatura jãi, jaturijĩ | xatuɾa xãi, xatulixĩ | unknown | arco | See Language page | |||||||||
Makushi | uraapa (SM) | uraapa (SM) | inheritance | Proto-Carib | arco | See Language page | ||||||||
Mapoyo | aka'ra | aka'ra | arco | See Language page | ||||||||||
Mapudungun | čɨŋfɨl-we | arco | See Language page | |||||||||||
Matses | canti | kanti | inheritance | arco | See Language page | |||||||||
Minica Witoto | θïkui-raï | θɯkui-raɯ | arco | See Language page | ||||||||||
Mocoví | l-oʔʁošik | arco | See Language page | |||||||||||
Mojave | 7utis | bow, gun | unique | simplex | Munro et al. 1992 | |||||||||
Mosetén-Chimané | kwin'dʸeʔ | arco | See Language page | |||||||||||
Movima | ta-ni-lo | ta-ni-lo | arco | See Language page | ||||||||||
Muinane | tɨɨbú-ga | tɨɨbú-ga | arco | See Language page | ||||||||||
Muisca | hacapa | hakapa | arco | See Language page | ||||||||||
Murui Witoto | θïkui-ra | θɯkui-ra | inheritance/Witoto | arco | See Language page | |||||||||
Mutsun | lawan | bow | inheritance | Proto-Southern Costanoan | perhaps ProtoC; Soledad has tawa (Henshaw in Heizer 1955); Rumsen has lawan 'gun' | simplex | Okrand notes has no corresponding verb | Okrand 1977 | ||||||
Máku | cimwʌlo'ba | arco | See Language page | |||||||||||
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect | kaɾabaʔ | arco | See Language page | |||||||||||
Nadëb/Roçado dialect | kaɾabaʔ | doubtful loan | Carib? e.g. Waimiri-Atroari warɨpa; cf. also TG *ɨβɨrapar | arco | See Language page | |||||||||
Napo Lowland Quichua | lapun | lapun | arco | See Language page | ||||||||||
Nheengatu | mirapara | mirapara | inheritance | *ɨßɨrapar | Proto-Tupi-Guarani | Loan TG > Yucuna wiɾaʔapaɾa | arco | See Language page | ||||||
Ninam | šaknahi, šakaonahi (EM72) | ʃ̌aknahi, ʃakaonahi | inheritance | Proto-Yanomamo | Simplex | arco | See Language page | |||||||
Nisenan | pandak | bow | inheritance | *pandak | Proto-Maiduan | Shipley 1961:50 | simplex | Uldall & Shipley 1966 | ||||||
Nivaclé | #NAME? | arco | See Language page | |||||||||||
Northern Emberá | enẽ́ndrʉma | enẽ́ndrʉma | arco | See Language page | ||||||||||
Northern Paiute | pongosa adu | bow | inheritance | *aCta | Uto-Aztecan | Stubbs 2011 275 | phrase | Yerington 1987 | ||||||
Northern Sierra Miwok | kyc:a- | bow | inheritance | Proto-Eastern Miwok | JHH | simplex | Callaghan 1987 | |||||||
Nukak | tɨweidɨʔ | unique | arco | See Language page | ||||||||||
Nɨpode Witoto | tïkúi-ña | tɯkúi-ña | arco | See Language page | ||||||||||
Ocaina | tsipóxatya | tsipóxatʲa | loan | Bora | arco | See Language page | ||||||||
Paraguayan Guaraní | ɨvɨrapa; ɣʷɨrapa | arco | See Language page | |||||||||||
Paresi | ˈhito | ˈhitu | unknown | arco | See Language page | |||||||||
Pemon | rapa (A1981); uurapa (E1980); urapa (M2000) | rapa (A1981); urapa (E1980); uɻa:pa' (M2000) | inheritance | Proto-Carib | Alternate: rapa, uɻa:pa' | arco | See Language page | |||||||
Piapoco | demápu | demápu | arco | See Language page | ||||||||||
Piaroa | p'o'obü | p'o'o'bɨ | unique | arco | See Language page | |||||||||
Pilagá | piɬpaɬ [loan Mascoyan] | arco | See Language page | |||||||||||
Plains Miwok | këc:a-, kyc:a- | bow; counters in gambling game? | inheritance | Proto-Eastern Miwok | JHH | simplex | Callaghan 1984 | |||||||
Puinave | hə́k | hə́k | unique | arco | See Language page | |||||||||
Pumé | tʰiba-to | arco | See Language page | |||||||||||
Páez | taty | arco | See Language page | |||||||||||
Qawasqar | ḳyeraḳʰana | From Ag. Bo records kerakʰala for Central QWS. Fi, Hy record kerekʰana for South QWS. | See Language page | |||||||||||
Resígaro | -jawi[thíapu] (hr01) | -jawi[tʰíapu] (hɾ01) | inheritance | *tapo | Proto Arawak | Simplex | arco | See Language page | ||||||
Salinan A | xak'e/I', xak' | bow | unknown | simplex | Mason 1918 | |||||||||
Salinan M | paxuwe/ | bow | unknown | note Esselen | simplex | Mason 1918 | ||||||||
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité | peɬpaaʔaɬ | arco | See Language page | |||||||||||
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet | ka-noti | arco | See Language page | |||||||||||
Sanumá | silaka nahi (EM72) | silaka nahi (EM72) | inheritance | arco | See Language page | |||||||||
Secoya | ca'hua, ca'huanoa | kaʔwa, kaʔwanɔa | arco | See Language page | ||||||||||
Selknam | hàʔ | arco | See Language page | |||||||||||
Seri (Comcaac) | haacni | bow for arrows | unknown | simplex | Moser & Marlett 2005 | |||||||||
Serrano | ă-part'k | bow, gun | inheritance | *pakoti | Uto-Aztecan | Stubbs 277 | other complex | Merriam 48:179 | ||||||
Shipibo-Konibo | ŋiraa; eraa | Bow 'cord' is naasã. | See Language page | |||||||||||
Sikuani | bi-sabi (Rivet 1948) | bisabi (Rivet 1948) | inheritance | North Arawak | Also occurs in Cuiva; may be loan into proto-language | arco | See Language page | |||||||
Siona | ga'hua | gaʔwa | inheritance; inheritance | arco | See Language page | |||||||||
Siriano | sĩĩríturo | sĩĩɾítuɾo | arco | See Language page | ||||||||||
Sirionó | ŋiraa; eraa (P85); pisa-c̷oe | ŋiraa; eraa (P85); pisa-c̷oe | inheritance | arco | See Language page | |||||||||
Southern Paiute | atcy-S | bow | inheritance | *aCta | Uto-Aztecan | Stubbs 2011 275 | simplex | Sapir | ||||||
Southern Sierra Miwok | jaw:e | bow (for shooting) | unique | 7ungli- Yosemite | simplex | nt | Broadbent 1964 | |||||||
Southern Ute | 7aa-cI | bow | inheritance | *aCta | Uto-Aztecan | Stubbs 2011 275 | other complex | Givon | ||||||
Suyá | krwá | krwá | arco | See Language page | ||||||||||
Sáliva | llipah, llupaha | ʤipaʔ, ʤupaʔa | unique | arco | See Language page | |||||||||
Tanimuca | tẽbũ pã'ĩã | tẽbũ pã'ĩã | inheritance | arco | See Language page | |||||||||
Tariana | (yawi) [tia]pu (dp91), yawithépu (aa01) | (jawi) [tia]pu (dp91), jawitʰépu (aa01) | inheritance | *tapo | Proto Arawak | Derived | -itʰépu "bow" noun classifier | arco | See Language page | |||||
Tatuyo | tẽ́'bɨ̃́-'bé'tó | tẽ́'bɨ̃́-'bé'tó | arco | See Language page | ||||||||||
Tikuna | würa | wɨɾa | unique | arco | See Language page | |||||||||
Tiriyó | (wï)raapa | (wɨ)raapa | inheritance | arco | See Language page | |||||||||
Toba | aaku; ec̷pooku | arco | See Language page | |||||||||||
Trinitario | šɨšlaxma | Also (ha)ɨdɨš, šɨšlaxma. | See Language page | |||||||||||
Trumai | paŋe, tāhaŋa; šɨšlaxma | paŋe, tāhaŋa; šɨšlaxma | unique | arco | See Language page | |||||||||
Tukano | biɨê'ka tẽhe | biɨêʔka tẽhe | inheritance | from bui 'shoot'? | Other complex | biɨê'ka, unclear; tẽhe “arc-shaped” | arco | See Language page | ||||||
Tuyuka | bɨ'e-ri-pĩ | bɨʔe-ri-pĩ | arco | See Language page | ||||||||||
Tübatulabal | ālitt | bow, gun | inheritance | *aCta | Uto-Aztecan | Stubbs 2011 275 | other complex | K. Hill Tb>Eng | ||||||
Tümpisa Shoshone | (huu)7etyn | bow | inheritance | *aCta | Uto-Aztecan | Stubbs 2011 275 | compound | Dayley 1998 | ||||||
Urarina | batohwi | batohwi | unique | arco | See Language page | |||||||||
Wai Wai | kraΦa | kraΦa | inheritance | arco | See Language page | |||||||||
Waikhana | bɨ'e-ri thẽ | bɨ'e-ri thẽ | arco | See Language page | ||||||||||
Waimaja | bɨɛ́řikʰábɛtʰò | bɨɛ́rikʰábɛtʰò | arco | See Language page | ||||||||||
Waimiri Atroari | warypa | warɨpa | arco | See Language page | ||||||||||
Waorani | too piyæ̃ka-ĩ-wæ̃ | unique | Compound | too piyæ̃ka-ĩ=arrow; a-wæ̃=tree/wood | arco | See Language page | ||||||||
Wapishana | sumara | sumara | inheritance | *sumeca | Proto-Arawak | cf. Tupi-Guarani sumara 'enemy'; Payne91 reconstructs Wap 'bow' | Simplex | arco | See Language page | |||||
Wappo | lúk'a | bow, gun (in Sawyer) | unknown | somewhat resemblant to Yuki forms, but only in CV | simplex | Elmendorf 1993 | ||||||||
Warao | hatabuɾu (bow and aɾɾows?) | hataburu (bow and arrows?) | arco | See Language page | ||||||||||
Wari | temem' (E&K97) | tememʔ (E&K97) | arco | See Language page | ||||||||||
Washo | ba7lóhat, balóhot | bow, gun | unknown | has the /pa/ element | derived | BE- nmlzr | Washo Project Dictionary | |||||||
Waurá | ɨ̃ɨtai | ɨ̃ɨtai | inheritance | arco | See Language page | |||||||||
Wayampi | wɨlapa-ma | wɨlapa-ma | inheritance | arco | See Language page | |||||||||
Wayana | paila | paila | unknown | cf. 'arrow' | arco | See Language page | ||||||||
Wayuu | wɨr̃aiči | Refers to curaré. | See Language page | |||||||||||
Western Mono | Edy | bow, gun, weapon | inheritance | *aCta | Uto-Aztecan | Stubbs 2011 275 | simplex | Loether & Bethel 1993 | ||||||
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay | -le-'c̷eh; -ka-lu'tek | arco | See Language page | |||||||||||
Wintu | k'ulu:l | bow, gun, rifle, pistol | unknown | simplex | Schlichter 1981 | |||||||||
Yabarana | a'kahara | arco | See Language page | |||||||||||
Yagua | kãnũ | kãnũ | doubtful loan | Panoan *kan(u/a)ti (Shell) | arco | See Language page | ||||||||
Yaminahua | tʰiba-to | arco | See Language page | |||||||||||
Yanomam | šarak nafi | ʃaɾak nafi | inheritance | Proto-Yanomamo | Compound | ʃaɾak, “arrow” | arco | See Language page | ||||||
Yanomami | hatõ nahi, tisho hi, nahi (EM72) | hatõ nahi, tiʃo hi (ceremonial) | unique | Alternate: tiʃo hi (ceremonial) | Other complex | No info | arco | See Language page | ||||||
Yavapai | tβču:ña | ñ is turned ŋ | arc-shaped ->bow | unique | hpùčñâ(:)kva p. 374, hpùtβču:ña p. 436 | derived | Shaterian 1983 | |||||||
Yavitero | [ta]po; c̷a'wituľeľ̥i | [ta]po; ts̷aʔwituľeľ̥i | arco | See Language page | ||||||||||
Yine | twa (?) | *Piro-Apuriná form is *ta'pwa. | See Language page | |||||||||||
Yokuts Palewyami | keTngal' | bow | unknown | also in Hometwoli, Tulamni; getsñ-il, gatsiñ-il Kroeber 1907:341 | simplex | Gamble 1991 | ||||||||
Yokuts Yawdanchi | missing | missing | ||||||||||||
Yokuts Yawelmani | ne:k'i | to draw a bow | inheritance | *nek'- | Proto-Nim-Yokuts | simplex | Golla 1964 | |||||||
Yuhup | kˀigwah | arco | See Language page | |||||||||||
Yuki | lu7waT (Elmendorf form) | bow. Gun | inheritance | *li7wëht | Proto-North Yukian | also hitmo7 S&S p. 33 | derived | from 'kill' Schlichter 1985:48 | Schlichter 1985 | |||||
Yukpa | bákara | bákara | arco | See Language page | ||||||||||
Yukuna | wira'apara | wiɾaʔapaɾa | loan | TG *ɨβɨrapa | Compare also Carib, e,g, Akawaio uuraba | arco | See Language page | |||||||
Yuruti | te'pútu | te'pútu | arco | See Language page | ||||||||||
Záparo | rihwana | rihwana | arco | See Language page |
Language |
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