Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

drum

Semantic Field: culture-mythology
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: tambor
Meaning Portuguese: tambor

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Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Etymology Notes	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	General Notes	Source

Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Etymology Notes	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	General Notes	Source
Aguaruna	tampúg	tampúng		loan			Spanish							See Language page
Akawaio	saambuura	sambura		loan			Spanish/Portuguese			Found widely in Carib, with some t-s correspondences (but apparently not regular). Also found Baniwa, Yavitero, Northern Emberá, Jivaro family, Cubeo, Nheengatu, Ninam				See Language page
Araona		babatolo; bakʷetolo												See Language page
Ashuar	tampúr	tampur												See Language page
Ayoreo		ibee'uua												See Language page
Baniwa	tamorína [loan]	tamoɻína		loan			Port, via Nheengatu?	WW	%tamburina	Baniwa < > Cubeo? Port source; Nheengatu tamburinu	Simplex			See Language page
Bankalachi Toloim	missing			missing
Barasano	generic: 'ha-bɨsi-o-ri-a-huria	generic: 'ha-bɨsi-o-ri-a-huria												See Language page
Bará		ju'kɨ́-tuti												See Language page
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone	missing			missing
Cahuilla	missing			missing						No drums in aboriginal California except foot drum in Kuksu Cult areas
Camsa	zé.njanabe	sənχanabe												See Language page
Carapana	ju'kɨ́ɨ-rika	ju'kɨ́ɨ-rika												See Language page
Carijona	taburu (SM)			loan			Spanish/Portuguese							See Language page
Cavineña	komo-komo; bombo (generic drum; "bombo" is from Spanish)	komo-komo; bombo		loan - WW			%kumu							See Language page
Cayuvava		kemæmæ												See Language page
Central Aymara	wankara	wankara												See Language page
Central Sierra Miwok	Tym:a-		drum	inheritance	*Tum:a-	Proto-Eastern Miwok				Callaghan 1971:19	simplex			Freeland & Broadbent 1960
Cha'palaa		'ku'nunu; ['bunbu]												See Language page
Chemehuevi	missing			missing
Chipaya		kaxa												See Language page
Chiriguano		pĩ-pĩ; aᵑgua		unknown										See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja		pomitok (f.)												See Language page
Chumash Barbareno	missing			missing
Chumash Ineseno	tampol		drum	loan			Spanish	WW	%tambor		simplex			Applegate 1972
Chumash Obispeno	missing			missing
Chumash Ventureno	missing			missing
Chácobo	komɨ; komɨ-no (generic drum)	komɨ; komɨ-no (generic drum)		loan - WW			%kumu							See Language page
Cocopa	waxá:m		drum	unknown							simplex			Crawford 1989
Cofán	ccosha	khoʃa											phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS	See Language page
Comanche	missing			missing
Cubeo	tẽmuribʉ	tɛ̃muribʉ		loan			Portuguese (via Nheengatu?)	WW	%tamburina	Baniwa < > Cubeo? Span/Port source; see Baniwa tamoɻína; Carijona taburu; Nheengatu tamburina; Ninam tambor; Aguarana family		Classifier -bɨ		See Language page
Cupeño	wetilya'ash		drum	unique						wet-in 'to beat, thresh'	derived, other complex	weti 'to beat'	Note Nim-Yokuts *woTh(o) 'to beat'	Hill & Nolasquez 1973
Desano	to'átoré	to'átoré		doubtful loan			Urarina, Jivaroan, Ticuna, Kokama, E. Tukanoan							See Language page
Djeoromitxi	hika	hika												See Language page
Dâw	tãbuù	tãbû		loan			Portuguese							See Language page
Epena		tʰõ'doo												See Language page
Esselen	missing			missing
Gabrielino	missing			missing
Huambisa	tampur	tampur												See Language page
Hup	m'æt=b'ɔk (cutia=skin)	m'æt=b'ɔk (cutia=skin)	drum, lit. 'cutia skin'	unique							Compound	cutia skin		See Language page
Ignaciano		[tampura]											From Span. 'tambor'.	See Language page
Iipay 'Aa	missing			missing
Itonama		wayamama; tˀukuʔka											Respectively: large; small drum.	See Language page
Kaingang	tũgnũg	tũŋnũŋ												See Language page
Kakua	yǎk-at-daʔ	yǎk-at-daʔ		unknown						Also pẽd daʔ(H&R)	Derived	to.pound/smash-nmlz-clːround		See Language page
Kariña	sambura	sambura	drum				Yamada 2010:801
Kawaiisu	missing			missing
Kiliwa	missing			missing
Kitanemuk	missing			missing
Kokama	tutu	tutu		loan - WW			%toto (onomatopoeic?)							See Language page
Koreguaje	vativʉ	batibʉ		inheritance										See Language page
Kotiria	tohati	tohati		loan - WW		Eastern branch, Proto-East Tukanoan	%toto (onomatopoeic?)			But compare Urarina, tǫǫto				See Language page
Lake Miwok	missing			missing
Lengua		waiŋ-kyi												See Language page
Luiseño	missing			missing
Maca		fiɬik (m.)												See Language page
Maidu	sòlím wóky		drum	unique						ke-lem'-me drum of hollow log beaten with feet Merriam 41:287	phrase	sôl 'sing, song'		Shipley 1963
Maihiki	tɨcatada ja	tɨkatada xã		unique										See Language page
Makuna	bu toti, jukɨ toti	bu toti, jukɨ toti		loan - WW			%toto (onomatopoeic?)							See Language page
Mapoyo	wayetepato wih koroki-ri (lit. 'my thing to touch')	wayetepato wih koroki-ri (lit. 'my thing to touch')												See Language page
Mapudungun		kulṭ͡ʀuŋ											Ranquel form is kulṭ͡ʀun ~ kulṭ͡ʀuŋ.	See Language page
Matses	tuncate (animal hide drum)	tunkate (animal hide drum)		unknown										See Language page
Mocoví		l-owaʁan-a											Lit. '3p possessor-strike-obj (fem)'.	See Language page
Mojave	tahoongm		big drum	unknown						looks sound symbolic or might even be lots of metathesis from tambor	compound			Munro et al. 1992
Mosetén-Chimané		rikah-ri'ka											Refers to the box-shape of drum.	See Language page
Movima	pono-tiʔi (generic)	pono-tiʔi												See Language page
Muisca	cupqua (not specified as small or not)	kupkua												See Language page
Mutsun	missing			missing
Napo Lowland Quichua	caja	kaxa												See Language page
Nheengatu	tamburina (loan POR)	tamburina (loan POR)		loan			Portuguese	WW	%tamburina	Baniwa tamoɻína; Yavitero tam'buru; Akawaio sambura; Pemon sambura; Wai Wai samaΦora; Northern Emberá thãmbura; Jivaro (e.g. Huambisa tampur); Cubeo tɛ̃mulibʉ; Ninam tambor;	Simplex			See Language page
Ninam	tambor	tambor		loan			Portuguese/Spanish			Also in Nheengatu tamburina; also Baniwa tamorína; Carib (e.g. Carijona taburu); Northern Emberá thãmbóra; Jivaro (e.g. Ashuar tampur)	Simplex			See Language page
Nisenan	dul		foot drum	unique						Note Wintun tHudi foot drum	simplex			Uldall & Shipley 1966
Nivaclé		-ɬanɔʔ; -ɬanɔ-tax											Respectively: ritual drum; modern drum.	See Language page
Northern Emberá	thãmbóra (Sp: tambór)	thãmbóra												See Language page
Northern Paiute	tukwubano		drum	unique							derived			Yerington 1987
Northern Sierra Miwok	Tum:a-		to drum with feet, foot drum, sound of drum	inheritance	*Tum:a-	Proto-Eastern Miwok				Callaghan 1971:19; note Nisenan dul, Wintu tHudi	simplex			Callaghan 1987
Paraguayan Guaraní		aᵑguʔa-tara; aŋuʔa-tarara												See Language page
Pemon	sambura (A1981); sampuura (E1980)	sambura (A1981); sampura (E1980)		loan			Spanish/Portuguese			Found widely in Carib, with some t-s correspondences (but apparently not regular). Also found Baniwa, Yavitero, Northern Emberá, Jivaro family, Cubeo, Nheengatu, Ninam				See Language page
Piaroa	waná'wɨh (K76)	wanáʔwɨh (K76)		unknown										See Language page
Plains Miwok	tum:a		to drum, foot drum	inheritance	*Tum:a-	Proto-Eastern Miwok				Callaghan 1971:19; nte Nisenan dul, Wintu tHudi	simplex			Callaghan 1984
Páez	quimb	kimb												See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano	tinya	tinya												See Language page
Resígaro	koómobú	koómobú		semantic shift			cf. signal drum	WW	%kumu	Likely loan from Bora. Signal drum: Bora, Muinane, Resigaro, Yucuna, (Paez?); bench: ET: Macuna, Tukano, Tanimuca, Bará, Waimaja (also means 'benzador' in some of these lgs); canoe: ET: Bará, Carapana, Macuna, Yuruti, Siriano, Tanimuca, Waimaja (definitel	Simplex	kóomo = “drum,” -bú possibly “made of liana cord” classifier		See Language page
Salinan A	missing			missing
Salinan M	missing			missing
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité		wayka; [wompo]												See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet		[tãpora; βõpo]												See Language page
Secoya	huatihuë	watiwɨ												See Language page
Seri (Comcaac)	an iquíixa		water drum, barrel (container )	unknown							phrase	an 'container' quiixa 'have water or other liquid'		Moser & Marlett 2005
Serrano	missing			missing
Sikuani	latabo	latabo		unknown										See Language page
Siona	huatigu	watigu		inheritance										See Language page
Siriano	tooatóré	tooatóɾé												See Language page
Sirionó	hememe	hememe		unknown										See Language page
Southern Paiute	wy-pon7noa-iH		drums	unique							other complex	pon7noa 'to drum'		Sapir
Southern Pastaza Quechua	caja (Spanish loan)	kaxa												See Language page
Southern Sierra Miwok	tampo-		drum	loan			Spanish	WW	%tambor	also toma7-:a-	simplex	nt		Broadbent 1964
Southern Ute	papu7ni		big pot, cauldron, pail, bucket, drum, barrel	inheritance	*paM-pi	Numic				Stubbs 2011 1156	simplex			Givon
Sáliva	rãpodoo	rãpodoː		unknown										See Language page
Tanimuca	japu-'taʔsi-a	japu-'taʔsi-a		unique										See Language page
Tariana	yawína	jawína	small drum	unknown							Simplex			See Language page
Tatuyo	jú'kɨ́ɨ-'rɨ́ka	jú'kɨ́ɨ-'rɨ́ka												See Language page
Taushiro	ava´-nu´va-´ti´-nu´vu i´chi (lit. the piece of leather which is on the stick)	awaʔ-nuʔwa-ʔti-nuʔwu iʔʃi												See Language page
Tehuelche		'apˀe												See Language page
Tikuna	tô-tô (Alv44)	toto		loan - WW			%toto (onomatopoeic?)							See Language page
Tukano	toʔátɨ	toʔátɨ		loan - WW			%toto (onomatopoeic?)							See Language page
Tuyuka	yu'kɨ-tuti	ju'kɨ-tuti												See Language page
Tübatulabal	missing			missing
Tümpisa Shoshone	wyppo7okwinnympy		drum	unique							derived, other complex	wuppo7okwi 'pound a drum'		Dayley 1989
Urarina	tǫǫto	tõoto		loan - WW			%toto (onomatopoeic?)							See Language page
Wai Wai	samaΦora	samaΦora		loan			Spanish/Portuguese							See Language page
Waikhana	to'ʔati	to'ʔati												See Language page
Waimaja	yukʰɨ́gɨ̀ tʰotʰi	jukʰɨ́gɨ̀ tʰotʰi												See Language page
Waorani	ã-po-ĩ-kade			unique										See Language page
Wappo	thúm'e:ma		drum	loan			Miwok			and note Nisenan dul, Wintu tHudi	derived			Sawyer 1965
Wari	towa (E&K97)	towa (E&K97)											towa (EK97)	See Language page
Washo	dewgebúgbug		drum	unknown						also 7itwágaboŋboŋ	derived, reduplicated			Washo Project Dictionary
Waurá	yanatɨ-ku'ma (generic drum)	janatɨ-ku'ma (generic drum)		doubtful loan - WW			%kumu							See Language page
Wayampi	[tãpori]	[tãpori]		loan			Portuguese							See Language page
Wayuu		[kaša]											From Span. 'caja' (box).	See Language page
Western Mono	missing			missing
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay		pem												See Language page
Wintu	tHudi		something like a drum (foot drum JHH)								simplex			Schlichter 1981
Yagua	richinu	ritʃı̃nu		unique										See Language page
Yanomami	shuu huku hi (regular drum)	shuu huku hi (regular drum)	regular drum, (palo de monte)	unknown							Other complex			See Language page
Yavapai	7kWè:t7úmi		drum	unknown						reminiscent of the tuma 'foot-drum' words???	compound			Shaterian 1983
Yavitero	tam'buru (Spanish loan)	tam'buru (Spanish loan)												See Language page
Yokuts Palewyami	missing			missing
Yokuts Yawdanchi	missing			missing
Yokuts Yawelmani	tam-bool yo-koi		drum	loan			Spanish	WW	%tambor	loan blend, yokoi is 'pot'	phrase	yo-koi is 'pot'
Yuki	Tumul'		drum (noise instrument)	loan			Miwok				simplex			Sawyer & Schlichter 1984
Yukpa	tampora	tampora												See Language page
Yukuna	kumu			missing			Bora	WW	%kumu	Likely loan from Bora. Signal drum: Bora, Muinane, Resigaro, Yucuna, (Paez?); bench: ET: Macuna, Tukano, Tanimuca, Bará, Waimaja (also means 'benzador' in some of these lgs); canoe: ET: Bará, Carapana, Macuna, Yuruti, Siriano, Tanimuca, Waimaja (definitel	Simplex			See Language page
Yuruti	júkɨtoti	júkɨtoti												See Language page
Záparo	kaha	kaha												See Language page


Aguaruna
Akawaio
Araona
Ashuar
Ayoreo
Baniwa
Bankalachi Toloim
Barasano
Bará
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Cahuilla
Camsa
Carapana
Carijona
Cavineña
Cayuvava
Central Aymara
Central Sierra Miwok
Cha'palaa
Chemehuevi
Chipaya
Chiriguano
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Ineseno
Chumash Obispeno
Chumash Ventureno
Chácobo
Cocopa
Cofán
Comanche
Cubeo
Cupeño
Desano
Djeoromitxi
Dâw
Epena
Esselen
Gabrielino
Huambisa
Hup
Ignaciano
Iipay 'Aa
Itonama
Kaingang
Kakua
Kariña
Kawaiisu
Kiliwa
Kitanemuk
Kokama
Koreguaje
Kotiria
Lake Miwok
Lengua
Luiseño
Maca
Maidu
Maihiki
Makuna
Mapoyo
Mapudungun
Matses
Mocoví
Mojave
Mosetén-Chimané
Movima
Muisca
Mutsun
Napo Lowland Quichua
Nheengatu
Ninam
Nisenan
Nivaclé
Northern Emberá
Northern Paiute
Northern Sierra Miwok
Paraguayan Guaraní
Pemon
Piaroa
Plains Miwok
Páez
Quechua Ayacuchano
Resígaro
Salinan A
Salinan M
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet
Secoya
Seri (Comcaac)
Serrano
Sikuani
Siona
Siriano
Sirionó
Southern Paiute
Southern Pastaza Quechua
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Ute
Sáliva
Tanimuca
Tariana
Tatuyo
Taushiro
Tehuelche
Tikuna
Tukano
Tuyuka
Tübatulabal
Tümpisa Shoshone
Urarina
Wai Wai
Waikhana
Waimaja
Waorani
Wappo
Wari
Washo
Waurá
Wayampi
Wayuu
Western Mono
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay
Wintu
Yagua
Yanomami
Yavapai
Yavitero
Yokuts Palewyami
Yokuts Yawdanchi
Yokuts Yawelmani
Yuki
Yukpa
Yukuna
Yuruti
Záparo

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