Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

drum

Semantic Field
culture-mythology
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
tambor
Meaning Portuguese
tambor

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes Word Structure Word Structure Notes General Notes Source
Cahuilla missing missing No drums in aboriginal California except foot drum in Kuksu Cult areas
Cupeño wetilya'ash drum unique wet-in 'to beat, thresh' derived, other complex weti 'to beat' Note Nim-Yokuts *woTh(o) 'to beat' Hill & Nolasquez 1973
Luiseño missing missing
Gabrielino missing missing
Serrano missing missing
Kitanemuk missing missing
Tübatulabal missing missing
Bankalachi Toloim missing missing
Kawaiisu missing missing
Chemehuevi missing missing
Southern Paiute wy-pon7noa-iH drums unique other complex pon7noa 'to drum' Sapir
Southern Ute papu7ni big pot, cauldron, pail, bucket, drum, barrel inheritance *paM-pi Numic Stubbs 2011 1156 simplex Givon
Tümpisa Shoshone wyppo7okwinnympy drum unique derived, other complex wuppo7okwi 'pound a drum' Dayley 1989
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone missing missing
Comanche missing missing
Western Mono missing missing
Northern Paiute tukwubano drum unique derived Yerington 1987
Southern Sierra Miwok tampo- drum loan Spanish WW %tambor also toma7-:a- simplex nt Broadbent 1964
Central Sierra Miwok Tym:a- drum inheritance *Tum:a- Proto-Eastern Miwok Callaghan 1971:19 simplex Freeland & Broadbent 1960
Northern Sierra Miwok Tum:a- to drum with feet, foot drum, sound of drum inheritance *Tum:a- Proto-Eastern Miwok Callaghan 1971:19; note Nisenan dul, Wintu tHudi simplex Callaghan 1987
Plains Miwok tum:a to drum, foot drum inheritance *Tum:a- Proto-Eastern Miwok Callaghan 1971:19; nte Nisenan dul, Wintu tHudi simplex Callaghan 1984
Lake Miwok missing missing
Maidu sòlím wóky drum unique ke-lem'-me drum of hollow log beaten with feet Merriam 41:287 phrase sôl 'sing, song' Shipley 1963
Nisenan dul foot drum unique Note Wintun tHudi foot drum simplex Uldall & Shipley 1966
Yokuts Yawelmani tam-bool yo-koi drum loan Spanish WW %tambor loan blend, yokoi is 'pot' phrase yo-koi is 'pot'
Yokuts Yawdanchi missing missing
Yokuts Palewyami missing missing
Washo dewgebúgbug drum unknown also 7itwágaboŋboŋ derived, reduplicated Washo Project Dictionary
Wintu tHudi something like a drum (foot drum JHH) simplex Schlichter 1981
Yuki Tumul' drum (noise instrument) loan Miwok simplex Sawyer & Schlichter 1984
Wappo thúm'e:ma drum loan Miwok and note Nisenan dul, Wintu tHudi derived Sawyer 1965
Mutsun missing missing
Esselen missing missing
Salinan A missing missing
Salinan M missing missing
Chumash Obispeno missing missing
Chumash Ineseno tampol drum loan Spanish WW %tambor simplex Applegate 1972
Chumash Barbareno missing missing
Chumash Ventureno missing missing
Iipay 'Aa missing missing
Cocopa waxá:m drum unknown simplex Crawford 1989
Mojave tahoongm big drum unknown looks sound symbolic or might even be lots of metathesis from tambor compound Munro et al. 1992
Yavapai 7kWè:t7úmi drum unknown reminiscent of the tuma 'foot-drum' words??? compound Shaterian 1983
Kiliwa missing missing
Seri (Comcaac) an iquíixa water drum, barrel (container ) unknown phrase an 'container' quiixa 'have water or other liquid' Moser & Marlett 2005
Kakua yǎk-at-daʔ yǎk-at-daʔ unknown Also pẽd daʔ(H&R) Derived to.pound/smash-nmlz-clːround See Language page
Nheengatu tamburina (loan POR) tamburina (loan POR) loan Portuguese WW %tamburina Baniwa tamoɻína; Yavitero tam'buru; Akawaio sambura; Pemon sambura; Wai Wai samaΦora; Northern Emberá thãmbura; Jivaro (e.g. Huambisa tampur); Cubeo tɛ̃mulibʉ; Ninam tambor; Simplex See Language page
Waorani ã-po-ĩ-kade unique See Language page
Yanomami shuu huku hi (regular drum) shuu huku hi (regular drum) regular drum, (palo de monte) unknown Other complex See Language page
Ninam tambor tambor loan Portuguese/Spanish Also in Nheengatu tamburina; also Baniwa tamorína; Carib (e.g. Carijona taburu); Northern Emberá thãmbóra; Jivaro (e.g. Ashuar tampur) Simplex See Language page
Kotiria tohati tohati loan - WW Eastern branch, Proto-East Tukanoan %toto (onomatopoeic?) But compare Urarina, tǫǫto See Language page
Cubeo tẽmuribʉ tɛ̃muribʉ loan Portuguese (via Nheengatu?) WW %tamburina Baniwa < > Cubeo? Span/Port source; see Baniwa tamoɻína; Carijona taburu; Nheengatu tamburina; Ninam tambor; Aguarana family Classifier -bɨ See Language page
Tukano toʔátɨ toʔátɨ loan - WW %toto (onomatopoeic?) See Language page
Desano to'átoré to'átoré doubtful loan Urarina, Jivaroan, Ticuna, Kokama, E. Tukanoan See Language page
Maihiki tɨcatada ja tɨkatada xã unique See Language page
Hup m'æt=b'ɔk (cutia=skin) m'æt=b'ɔk (cutia=skin) drum, lit. 'cutia skin' unique Compound cutia skin See Language page
Dâw tãbuù tãbû loan Portuguese See Language page
Sikuani latabo latabo unknown See Language page
Pemon sambura (A1981); sampuura (E1980) sambura (A1981); sampura (E1980) loan Spanish/Portuguese Found widely in Carib, with some t-s correspondences (but apparently not regular). Also found Baniwa, Yavitero, Northern Emberá, Jivaro family, Cubeo, Nheengatu, Ninam See Language page
Akawaio saambuura sambura loan Spanish/Portuguese Found widely in Carib, with some t-s correspondences (but apparently not regular). Also found Baniwa, Yavitero, Northern Emberá, Jivaro family, Cubeo, Nheengatu, Ninam See Language page
Yukuna kumu missing Bora WW %kumu Likely loan from Bora. Signal drum: Bora, Muinane, Resigaro, Yucuna, (Paez?); bench: ET: Macuna, Tukano, Tanimuca, Bará, Waimaja (also means 'benzador' in some of these lgs); canoe: ET: Bará, Carapana, Macuna, Yuruti, Siriano, Tanimuca, Waimaja (definitel Simplex See Language page
Tariana yawína jawína small drum unknown Simplex See Language page
Baniwa tamorína [loan] tamoɻína loan Port, via Nheengatu? WW %tamburina Baniwa < > Cubeo? Port source; Nheengatu tamburinu Simplex See Language page
Resígaro koómobú koómobú semantic shift cf. signal drum WW %kumu Likely loan from Bora. Signal drum: Bora, Muinane, Resigaro, Yucuna, (Paez?); bench: ET: Macuna, Tukano, Tanimuca, Bará, Waimaja (also means 'benzador' in some of these lgs); canoe: ET: Bará, Carapana, Macuna, Yuruti, Siriano, Tanimuca, Waimaja (definitel Simplex kóomo = “drum,” -bú possibly “made of liana cord” classifier See Language page
Yavitero tam'buru (Spanish loan) tam'buru (Spanish loan) See Language page
Wayuu [kaša] From Span. 'caja' (box). See Language page
Ignaciano [tampura] From Span. 'tambor'. See Language page
Waurá yanatɨ-ku'ma (generic drum) janatɨ-ku'ma (generic drum) doubtful loan - WW %kumu See Language page
Cha'palaa 'ku'nunu; ['bunbu] See Language page
Carijona taburu (SM) loan Spanish/Portuguese See Language page
Mapoyo wayetepato wih koroki-ri (lit. 'my thing to touch') wayetepato wih koroki-ri (lit. 'my thing to touch') See Language page
Wai Wai samaΦora samaΦora loan Spanish/Portuguese See Language page
Yukpa tampora tampora See Language page
Muisca cupqua (not specified as small or not) kupkua See Language page
Northern Emberá thãmbóra (Sp: tambór) thãmbóra See Language page
Epena tʰõ'doo See Language page
Cofán ccosha khoʃa phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Taushiro ava´-nu´va-´ti´-nu´vu i´chi (lit. the piece of leather which is on the stick) awaʔ-nuʔwa-ʔti-nuʔwu iʔʃi See Language page
Páez quimb kimb See Language page
Tikuna tô-tô (Alv44) toto loan - WW %toto (onomatopoeic?) See Language page
Urarina tǫǫto tõoto loan - WW %toto (onomatopoeic?) See Language page
Camsa zé.njanabe sənχanabe See Language page
Ashuar tampúr tampur See Language page
Huambisa tampur tampur See Language page
Aguaruna tampúg tampúng loan Spanish See Language page
Matses tuncate (animal hide drum) tunkate (animal hide drum) unknown See Language page
Chácobo komɨ; komɨ-no (generic drum) komɨ; komɨ-no (generic drum) loan - WW %kumu See Language page
Yagua richinu ritʃı̃nu unique See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua caja (Spanish loan) kaxa See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua caja kaxa See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano tinya tinya See Language page
Piaroa waná'wɨh (K76) wanáʔwɨh (K76) unknown See Language page
Sáliva rãpodoo rãpodoː unknown See Language page
Bará ju'kɨ́-tuti See Language page
Barasano generic: 'ha-bɨsi-o-ri-a-huria generic: 'ha-bɨsi-o-ri-a-huria See Language page
Carapana ju'kɨ́ɨ-rika ju'kɨ́ɨ-rika See Language page
Makuna bu toti, jukɨ toti bu toti, jukɨ toti loan - WW %toto (onomatopoeic?) See Language page
Yuruti júkɨtoti júkɨtoti See Language page
Waikhana to'ʔati to'ʔati See Language page
Siriano tooatóré tooatóɾé See Language page
Tanimuca japu-'taʔsi-a japu-'taʔsi-a unique See Language page
Tatuyo jú'kɨ́ɨ-'rɨ́ka jú'kɨ́ɨ-'rɨ́ka See Language page
Tuyuka yu'kɨ-tuti ju'kɨ-tuti See Language page
Waimaja yukʰɨ́gɨ̀ tʰotʰi jukʰɨ́gɨ̀ tʰotʰi See Language page
Koreguaje vativʉ batibʉ inheritance See Language page
Siona huatigu watigu inheritance See Language page
Secoya huatihuë watiwɨ See Language page
Kokama tutu tutu loan - WW %toto (onomatopoeic?) See Language page
Wayampi [tãpori] [tãpori] loan Portuguese See Language page
Chiriguano pĩ-pĩ; aᵑgua unknown See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní aᵑguʔa-tara; aŋuʔa-tarara See Language page
Sirionó hememe hememe unknown See Language page
Záparo kaha kaha See Language page
Wari towa (E&K97) towa (E&K97) towa (EK97) See Language page
Araona babatolo; bakʷetolo See Language page
Cavineña komo-komo; bombo (generic drum; "bombo" is from Spanish) komo-komo; bombo loan - WW %kumu See Language page
Central Aymara wankara wankara See Language page
Cayuvava kemæmæ See Language page
Itonama wayamama; tˀukuʔka Respectively: large; small drum. See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané rikah-ri'ka Refers to the box-shape of drum. See Language page
Movima pono-tiʔi (generic) pono-tiʔi See Language page
Kaingang tũgnũg tũŋnũŋ See Language page
Djeoromitxi hika hika See Language page
Chipaya kaxa See Language page
Mocoví l-owaʁan-a Lit. '3p possessor-strike-obj (fem)'. See Language page
Lengua waiŋ-kyi See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité wayka; [wompo] See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet [tãpora; βõpo] See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay pem See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja pomitok (f.) See Language page
Maca fiɬik (m.) See Language page
Nivaclé -ɬanɔʔ; -ɬanɔ-tax Respectively: ritual drum; modern drum. See Language page
Ayoreo ibee'uua See Language page
Mapudungun kulṭ͡ʀuŋ Ranquel form is kulṭ͡ʀun ~ kulṭ͡ʀuŋ. See Language page
Tehuelche 'apˀe See Language page
Kariña sambura sambura drum Yamada 2010:801