Language | Orthographic Form | Phonemicized Form | Gloss as in Source | Etymology Code | Proto-Form | Proto-Language | Loan Source | Wanderwort Status | Etyma Set | Etymology Notes | Word Structure | Word Structure Notes | General Notes | Source |
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Language | Orthographic Form | Phonemicized Form | Gloss as in Source | Etymology Code | Proto-Form | Proto-Language | Loan Source | Wanderwort Status | Etyma Set | Etymology Notes | Word Structure | Word Structure Notes | General Notes | Source |
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Aché | tõ ayãgi | unknown | See Language page | |||||||||||
Aguaruna | suntag | suntag | loan | Span/Port soldado | See Language page | |||||||||
Ashuar | súntar | súntar | See Language page | |||||||||||
Ayoreo | hõkara'tai; hõkara'tee | See Language page | ||||||||||||
Baniwa | tsoráara | tsʰoɻáaɻa | loan - WW | %surara | WW | %surara | Port source; Via Nheengatu; also in Arawak, Carib, East Tukanoan, Yanomamo. Nheengatu surara; Makushi surara; Hup sudadu; East Tukanoan (e.g. Cubeo ʈʃulala); Ninam sotatu | Simplex | See Language page | |||||
Bankalachi Toloim | missing | missing | ||||||||||||
Bare | surudawa | surudawa | See Language page | |||||||||||
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone | tuu-kkwasun | soldier (old word) | semantic shift | *kwasu | Northern Uto-Aztecan | shirt' Hill/Miller kwa-12 | phrase | black-clothes | Crapo 1976 | |||||
Bora | tsodáho | tsʰotáʔo | loan | Span/Port soldado | See Language page | |||||||||
Cahuilla | missing | missing | ||||||||||||
Candoshi-Shapra | sodaro | sodaro | loan | Span/Port soldado | See Language page | |||||||||
Carapana | soldau | soldau | See Language page | |||||||||||
Cavineña | sodaro | sodaro | loan | Span/Port soldado | See Language page | |||||||||
Central Aymara | palʸa-palʸa | See Language page | ||||||||||||
Central Sierra Miwok | missing | missing | ||||||||||||
Cha'palaa | ['suu'tadu] | From Span. 'soldado'. | See Language page | |||||||||||
Chemehuevi | sonta:wI, sunta:wI | soldier | loan | Spanish | WW | %soldado | also su:ljatsI < English | simplex | Harrington's Chemehuevi Noun List (K. Hill 1969) | |||||
Chiriguano | [suⁿdaro] | loan | Span/Port soldado | See Language page | ||||||||||
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja | tokis | See Language page | ||||||||||||
Chumash Barbareno | sululalu | soldier | loan | Spanish | WW | %soldado | simplex | Wash 2001 | ||||||
Chumash Ineseno | missing | missing | note: sululalu 'white man' 163 | |||||||||||
Chumash Obispeno | missing | missing | ||||||||||||
Chumash Ventureno | 7emečeš | soldier | semantic shift | Proto-Central Chumash | B 7em'echesh 'army, enemies' | derived | Mamet 2008 | |||||||
Cocopa | xWa | army, soldier, fighter, warrior | semantic shift | Proto-Yuman | Kiliwa xwa 'warrior, enemy' | simplex | Crawford 1989 | |||||||
Cofán | sundaro, sondaro | sundaro, sondaro | phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS | See Language page | ||||||||||
Comanche | ekasahpana7 | soldier | unique | compound | red-chested (refers to Spanish uniform w/ red sash) | R | ||||||||
Cubeo | churara | ʈʃurara | loan - WW | %surara | WW | %surara | Port via Nheengatu; also in Arawak, Carib, East Tukanoan, Yanomamo | See Language page | ||||||
Cupeño | soldaadu | soldier | loan | Spanish | WW | %soldado | simplex | Hill & Nolasquez 1973 | ||||||
Desano | surara | surara | loan - WW | %surara | See Language page | |||||||||
Dâw | sulaàl’ | ʃulâl’ | loan - WW | %surara | See Language page | |||||||||
Epena | [sol'dao] | See Language page | ||||||||||||
Esselen | missing | missing | ||||||||||||
Eñepa | mara'pëtëkën (MM); waaria (IDS) | maraʔpëtëkën (MM); waaria (IDS) | unknown | Alternate: waaria | See Language page | |||||||||
Gabrielino | missing | missing | ||||||||||||
Huambisa | suntar | suntar | See Language page | |||||||||||
Hup | sudada | sudada | loan - WW | %surara | WW | %surara | Arawak, Carib, East Tukanoan, Nheengatu, Yanomamo | Simplex | See Language page | |||||
Iipay 'Aa | epal kuhyan | soldier (one who carries a gun) | unique | phrase | Couro & Hutcheson 1973 | |||||||||
Kakua | hja-diʔ-bǔ | hja-diʔ-bǔ | unique | same term used to mean "guerrillero" | Phrase | forest-non.subj-loc; 'those from the forest' | See Language page | |||||||
Kariña | suntaty | suNtatɨ | soldier | Courtz 2007:373 | ||||||||||
Katukina | [saotaṣ̌i] | From Port. 'soldado'. | See Language page | |||||||||||
Kawaiisu | syna7asi | soldier | loan | Spanish | WW | %soldado | uncertain | other complex | but note syna7a-vi 'coyote', and syna- MyB | Zigmond et al. 1990 | ||||
Kiliwa | miy=kw-x+7al=u=h-7=h+uuy | soldier (lit. made into a Mexican) | unknown | compound | h+uuy is 'made' part | Mixco 1985 | ||||||||
Kitanemuk | kwakač | soldier | semantic shift | other complex | Anderton 1988 | |||||||||
Kokama | tsuntaru | tsuntaru | loan | Span/Port soldado | See Language page | |||||||||
Koreguaje | sõtaoʉ | sõtaoʉ | loan | Span/Port soldado | See Language page | |||||||||
Kotiria | surara | surara | loan - WW | %surara | WW | %surara | Port via Nheengatu; also in Arawak, Carib, East Tukanoan, Yanomamo. Nheengatu surara; Makushi surara; Hup sudadu; East Tukanoan (e.g. Cubeo ʈʃulala); Ninam sotatu | Simplex | See Language page | |||||
Lake Miwok | missing | missing | ||||||||||||
Lengua | sel-pithtet-a-mo | See Language page | ||||||||||||
Lokono | soldaro | soldaro | soldier | DeGoeje 1928:119 | ||||||||||
Luiseño | neqpikat | soldier (fighter) | unique | derived, other complex | Elliott 1999 | |||||||||
Maidu | missing | missing | ||||||||||||
Makushi | surara | surara | loan - WW | %surara | WW | %surara | Port via Nheengatu; also in Arawak, Carib, East Tukanoan, Yanomamo. Nheengatu surara; Makushi surara; Hup sudadu; East Tukanoan (e.g. Cubeo ʈʃulala); Ninam sotatu | See Language page | ||||||
Mapudungun | kon̯a | Also means 'servant'. | See Language page | |||||||||||
Mocoví | n-owaat-aʁan-aḳ le-ʔek | Lit. 'prefix-watch-intrans-agent 3p possessor-member'. | See Language page | |||||||||||
Mojave | suultaw | army, soldier | loan | Spanish | WW | %soldado | simplex | Munro et al. 1992 | ||||||
Mosetén-Chimané | [son'daro] | From Span. 'soldado'. | See Language page | |||||||||||
Movima | solɗao (from Sp) | solɗao | See Language page | |||||||||||
Muinane | ámócasimɨnaafi (='fighter') (W97) | ámókasimɨnaaɸi | See Language page | |||||||||||
Mutsun | súltatu | soldier | loan | Spanish | WW | %soldado | simplex | Okrand 1977 | ||||||
Nheengatu | surara (C11) | surara (C11) | loan - WW | %surara | WW | %surara | Port source; also in Arawak, Carib, East Tukanoan, Yanomamo. Nheengatu surara; Makushi surara; Hup sudadu; East Tukanoan (e.g. Cubeo ʈʃulala); Ninam sotatu | Simplex | See Language page | |||||
Ninam | sotatu | sotatu | loan | Span/Port soldado | WW | %surara | Port via Nheengatu; also in Arawak, Carib, East Tukanoan, Yanomamo. Nheengatu surara; Makushi surara; Hup sudadu; East Tukanoan (e.g. Cubeo ʈʃulala); Ninam sotatu | Simplex | See Language page | |||||
Nisenan | sulta:nu | soldier | loan | Spanish | WW | %soldado | simplex | Uldall & Shipley 1966 | ||||||
Nivaclé | kˀafokiɬay | See Language page | ||||||||||||
Northern Paiute | tokwasu-ga7yoo | soldier | unique | also oodu wehe-ga7yoo | compound | kwasu 'shirt' | Yerington 1987 | |||||||
Northern Sierra Miwok | sulta:tu- | soldier | loan | Spanish | simplex | Callaghan 1987 | ||||||||
Paraguayan Guaraní | tetãreᵐbi'ɣʷai | See Language page | ||||||||||||
Paresi | sorare | sorare | loan | Span/Port soldado | See Language page | |||||||||
Pemon | surara | missing | Carib? | WW | %surara | Port via Nheengatu; also in Arawak, Carib, East Tukanoan, Yanomamo. Nheengatu surara; Makushi surara; Hup sudadu; East Tukanoan (e.g. Cubeo ʈʃulala); Ninam sotatu | See Language page | |||||||
Piapoco | úwi, úwisàiri | úwi, úwisàiri | See Language page | |||||||||||
Piaroa | čurado ɨ'ca' (K76) | tʃurado ɨʔtsaʔ | loan | Span/Port soldado | See Language page | |||||||||
Pilagá | sopkilo | See Language page | ||||||||||||
Plains Miwok | sulda:du- | soldiers | loan | Spanish | WW | %soldado | simplex | Callaghan 1984 | ||||||
Puinave | [sotdawa] | [sotdawa] | loan - WW | %surara | See Language page | |||||||||
Pumé | guadia [Span loan] | See Language page | ||||||||||||
Páez | [soldau] | [soldau] | See Language page | |||||||||||
Salinan A | missing | missing | ||||||||||||
Salinan M | missing | missing | ||||||||||||
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité | seŋelpeɬteetamoo; seese-pyettek | See Language page | ||||||||||||
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet | [sõtaro] | See Language page | ||||||||||||
Sanumá | sotato | sotato | loan | Span/Port soldado | See Language page | |||||||||
Seri (Comcaac) | ziix quixáaza | soldier, police (persona con arma) | unknown | phrase | Moser & Marlett 2005 | |||||||||
Serrano | suldādu7 | soldier | loan | Spanish | WW | %soldado | simplex | K. Hill Dict. | ||||||
Sikuani | isimali | isimali | unknown | See Language page | ||||||||||
Siona | [sũtˀatˀo] | [sũtˀatˀo] | loan | Span/Port soldado | See Language page | |||||||||
Southern Paiute | so:7itstsI | soldier | loan | English | WW | %soldier | other complex | Sapir | ||||||
Southern Sierra Miwok | sulta:to- | soldier | loan | Spanish | WW | %soldado | simplex | Broadbent 1964 | ||||||
Southern Ute | soo-cI | soldier | loan | English | WW | %soldier | other complex | reinterpreted as having dim. Suffix | Givon | |||||
Tariana | sálu | sálu | loan | Span/Port soldado | WW | %surara | Port via Nheengatu; also in Arawak, Carib, East Tukanoan, Yanomamo. Nheengatu surara; Makushi surara; Hup sudadu; East Tukanoan (e.g. Cubeo ʈʃulala); Ninam sotatu | Simplex | See Language page | |||||
Taushiro | chontanto | ʃontanto | See Language page | |||||||||||
Tikuna | tchúrára (Alv44) | tʃúrára | loan - WW | %surara | See Language page | |||||||||
Trumai | kaito 'warrior' | kaito 'warrior' | unique | See Language page | ||||||||||
Tukano | surára | suɾáɾa | loan - WW | %surara | WW | %surara | Port via Nheengatu; also in Arawak, Carib, East Tukanoan, Yanomamo. Nheengatu surara; Makushi surara; Hup sudadu; East Tukanoan (e.g. Cubeo ʈʃulala); Ninam sotatu | Simplex | See Language page | |||||
Tuyuka | surara | surara | See Language page | |||||||||||
Tübatulabal | shünnü7ash (sg.) wattam (pl.) | soldier | unique | Spanish | WW | %soldado | maybe from soldado??? | derived, other complex | K. Hill Tub>Eng | |||||
Tümpisa Shoshone | sojysi, sojysy | soldier | loan | English | WW | %soldier | Dayley not sure it's English -- intermediate language? | simplex | Dayley 1989 | |||||
Urarina | sõodaro | sõodaro | loan | Span/Port soldado | See Language page | |||||||||
Wai Wai | [sowtatu]; [soča]; [surati] | [sowtatu]; [soča]; [surati] | loan | Span/Port soldado | See Language page | |||||||||
Waorani | tõtado (IDS) | loan | Span/Port soldado | WW | %surara | See Language page | ||||||||
Wappo | sólta:Do7 | D is barred d | soldier | loan | Spanish | WW | %soldado | simplex | Sawyer 1965 | |||||
Washo | zúlšiš | soldier | loan | English | WW | %soldier | simplex | WJH | ||||||
Waurá | sitatu | sitatu | loan | Span/Port soldado | See Language page | |||||||||
Wayampi | -l-ɔwayã | -l-ɔwayã | unknown | See Language page | ||||||||||
Western Mono | suntaatI7, sontaatI7 | forest ranger, soldier | loan | Spanish | WW | %soldado | simplex | Loether & Bethel 1993 | ||||||
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay | [sulta]wuʔ | From Span. 'soldado'. The Mataco warrior is nihu'tah wuʔ, lit. 'war-agent'. | See Language page | |||||||||||
Wintu | missing | missing | ||||||||||||
Yagua | sũtaru | sũtaru | loan | Span/Port soldado | See Language page | |||||||||
Yaminahua | [guadia] | See Language page | ||||||||||||
Yanomam | wayu | waju | unknown | Simplex | See Language page | |||||||||
Yavapai | sultá:va | soldier, scout | loan | Spanish | simplex | Shaterian 1983 | ||||||||
Yavitero | c̷u'rudawa (Sp loan) | tsuʔrudawa (Sp loan) | See Language page | |||||||||||
Yokuts Palewyami | missing | missing | ||||||||||||
Yokuts Yawdanchi | missing | missing | ||||||||||||
Yokuts Yawelmani | tHawTHal | soldado | semantic shift | Proto-Yokutsan | not Sp., means "killer", must be related to the tawta 'die' words | derived | Harrington | |||||||
Yuki | šulTa:n | soldier | loan | Spanish | WW | %soldado | simplex | Sawyer & Schlichter 1984 | ||||||
Yukuna | surara | suɾaɾa | loan - WW | %surara | WW | %surara | Port via Nheengatu; also in Arawak, Carib, East Tukanoan, Yanomamo. Nheengatu surara; Makushi surara; Hup sudadu; East Tukanoan (e.g. Cubeo ʈʃulala); Ninam sotatu | Simplex | See Language page |
Language |
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