Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

club

Semantic Field: subsistence tool
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: garrote, cachiporra
Meaning Portuguese: clava, porrete

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Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Etymology Notes	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	General Notes	Source

Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Etymology Notes	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	General Notes	Source
Aguaruna	kačuim	katʃuim												See Language page
Akawaio	wa'tana (C-F 2003)	waʔtana	war club	unknown						Compare Yucuna kuhjuwaʔala				See Language page
Andoke	buʌ-sé (from buʌ 'hit')	buʌ-sé (from buʌ 'hit')												See Language page
Araona		soe												See Language page
Ashuar	shingki chapamamu, makan (Sp. macana)	ʃingki tʃapamamu, makan (Sp. macana)												See Language page
Ayoreo		o'ge											Non-possessed form is gan̥i'meei.	See Language page
Bankalachi Toloim	wē'Kset, wo'-set	small k above s; wo-set at 191	club	unknown							other complex			Merriam 49:187,191
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone	pia-7anni-nymphy		big club	unique						ty-7anni-nympyh 'small club	compound, derived	7annih 'to fall'		Crapo 1976
Cahuilla	naxat		club	inheritance	*naka-ta	Californian (Takic plus Tubatulabal)				Mountain Cahuilla (Cahuilla Valley)	other complex			Merriam 48:421
Canela		kʰo											Cf. 'staff' 19.250.	See Language page
Central Aymara	jawq'aña (P04)	xawq'aña (P04)												See Language page
Central Sierra Miwok	Tak-ja-		to club	inheritance		Proto-Sierra Miwok				see Misn	other complex			Freeland & Broadbent 1960
Chemehuevi	tyvO		macana	unknown						could this be the typa 'pestle' word???	simplex			Harrington Chemehuevi Noun List (K. Hill 1969)
Chiriguano		ɨwɨra-puᵑga												See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja		-kyuʔ xletek												See Language page
Chumash Barbareno	missing			missing
Chumash Ineseno	missing			missing
Chumash Obispeno	missing			missing
Chumash Ventureno	wïpï7ïš		club	unknown						also wikalï7ïš	derived			Applegate 1973 ms
Chácobo	hiwi čipo; hiwi ṣ̌atɨ (hiwi means "wood")	hiwi čipo; hiwi ṣ̌atɨ (hiwi means "wood")												See Language page
Cocopa	LaxWá:y		war club	unknown							simplex	xWa 'soldier, warrior'		Crawford 1989
Comanche	wahta		pole, club	unique							simplex			Robinson & Armagost 1990
Cubeo	pidãibã-jo (Chacon)	pidãibã-jo (Chacon)	war club	unknown								Classifier -jo 'long and sharp'		See Language page
Cupeño	pawxan (poss)		bat, club	unique						is this related to waqal 'spear'??	simplex			Hill & Nolasquez 1973
Dâw	beebaáx	bæbǎx		missing										See Language page
Epena		pa'kʰuru 'hua											Also means 'limb of a tree'.	See Language page
Esselen	missing			missing
Eñepa	iye	ije		unknown										See Language page
Gabrielino	missing			missing
Ignaciano		-'epučiriki											Also 'epuči'rikire.	See Language page
Iipay 'Aa	hahm-po		club	unknown							simplex			Merriam 38:213
Itonama		a-bɨte												See Language page
Kaingang	ka kɨw; ka mrãr (IDS)	ka kɨw; ka mrãr												See Language page
Kakataibo		ino											sɨkʷɨrɨnti, ṣ̌ɨkʷɨrɨn-ti (dial.) 'club, hammer'. Panoan wino.	See Language page
Kakua		baw-at dã (H&R)		missing										See Language page
Kariña	putu	putu	club				Yamada 2010:797
Karitiana	nhẽpỹrỹg	ñẽpɨ̃rɨ̃g												See Language page
Katukina		hino												See Language page
Kawaiisu	missing			missing
Kiliwa	t-h+nyuu=7+uha7		war club (lit. kill=stone)								compound			Mixco 1985
Kitanemuk	missing			missing
Kotiria	yukùkù si	yukùkù si		unknown										See Language page
Kwazá	nwãrã	nwãrã												See Language page
Lake Miwok	líja		club	unique							simplex			Callaghan 1965
Lokono	mussi	mussi	a club											DeGoeje 1928:154
Luiseño	wotilash		bat, club, chopping block	unique							derived, other complex	from 'beat'		Elliott 1999
Maca		kˀapˀaxiɬeyɬaʔ (m.)												See Language page
Macaguan	kuérbot	kuérbot		loan			Arawak?							See Language page
Maidu	missing			missing
Makushi	aroʔ			missing						Compare Nadeb RN kawi.daɾo				See Language page
Mapudungun		mamɨlʸ												See Language page
Minica Witoto	bɯ́gɯ	bɯ́gɯ												See Language page
Mocoví		ne-pon												See Language page
Mojave	missing			missing
Mosetén-Chimané		we'kitč												See Language page
Movima	koʔ-pin̉	koʔ-pin̉												See Language page
Muinane	gáihuɨdaahe (W97)	gáiʔuɨdaaʔe												See Language page
Muisca	tamyxiquy	tamɨʃikuɨ												See Language page
Murui Witoto	gáiʔuɨdaaʔe	gáiʔuɯdaaʔe												See Language page
Mutsun	missing			missing
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect		kawi.daɾo												See Language page
Nisenan	mëllë		club	loan			Northern Sierra Miwok				simplex			Uldall & Shipley 1966
Nivaclé		#NAME?												See Language page
Northern Paiute	wutsaganoo	wytsaganu	hitting instrument	unique						paw'-ro, par-ro Merriam 46:365 Bishop (podo?)	derived	wutsaga7hoo 'kill with bat'		Yerington 1987
Northern Sierra Miwok	Takaj:a-		switch; whip; bat; swatter (derived vb means 'to club')	inheritance		Proto-Sierra Miwok				Mics Tak-ja 'to club'	other complex			Callaghan 1987
Nukak		baakatnaʔ												See Language page
Nɨpode Witoto	bɯ́gɯ	bɯ́gɯ												See Language page
Ocaina	dyacoovo (from dyaa 'stick')	djakooβo (from djaa 'stick')												See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní		vororei; takape												See Language page
Paresi	enatyahola	enatyahola												See Language page
Piaroa	daú'	daúɁ												See Language page
Plains Miwok	missing			missing
Puinave	pon	pon												See Language page
Pumé	to koto													See Language page
Páez	pekwe-ni-sa (pekwe 'hit with a stick')	pekwe-ni-sa (pekwe 'hit with a stick')												See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano	maqana, k'aspi (CP94)	maqana, k'aspi												See Language page
Resígaro	avéana-í (stick)	avéana-í (stick)		semantic shift										See Language page
Salinan A	missing			missing							simplex
Salinan M	missing			missing
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité		yohoŋ; yaʔyeem-waahek												See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet		wino												See Language page
Seri (Comcaac)	hehe		plant, bush, tree, wood, stick, club, staff of office	unknown							simplex			Moser & Marlett 2005
Serrano	missing			missing
Sikuani	wakapa	wakapa		unknown										See Language page
Sirionó	ðohe	ðohe												See Language page
Southern Paiute	missing			missing
Southern Sierra Miwok	missing			missing
Southern Ute	missing			missing
Tiriyó	(si)warapa	(si)warapa												See Language page
Trumai	hoahoa, nai	hoahoa, nai		unique										See Language page
Tübatulabal	missing			missing
Tümpisa Shoshone	poton, potottsi		cane, staff, digging stuck, club, crutches, stick used as tool	inheritance	*potto	Numic				Hill/Miller po-12 'pound'	simplex			Dayley 1989
Wai Wai	watma	watma		missing										See Language page
Waorani	kãta (IDS)			unique										See Language page
Wapishana	t͡ʃʰipʰirari	t͡ʃʰipʰirari		semantic shift			from 'axe' (%sipara)	WW	%sapara	Via Pemon supararii; see also Akawaio suubararii; other Carib (e.g. Pemon kusupará); Urarina sa:beɽe; Iquito sáhuiri; Sikuani sipari (axe); Carib (spear)	Simplex			See Language page
Wappo	missing			missing
Wari	mapao' (E&K97)	mapaoʔ (E&K97)												See Language page
Washo	missing			missing
Waurá	watuku	watuku												See Language page
Wayampi	βino	βino												See Language page
Western Mono	koo-doo'		club	inheritance	*kuta	Uto-Aztecan				stick word	simplex			Merriam 45:307
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay		-tˀ-ah-'nat											Includes the verb y-ah, 'hit with club'. Also -ka-etek-'tah, possibly from 'head-large'; characteristic of a short club (less than one meter) are the large and small nodules on the ends.	See Language page
Wintu	p'oLču:m	L is barred l	knobbed club (Schlichter), hammer-like weapon (Pitkin)	inheritance	pHo -č'us	Proto-Wintun				Shepherd 2006:83, 144	derived			Pitkin 1985
Yagua	jiivũsetá	xiiwũsetá												See Language page
Yaminahua		to koto												See Language page
Yanomam	napɾuʃi, himo	napɾuʃi, himo		inheritance		Proto-Yanomami/Yanomam				Alternate: napɾuʃi	Simplex			See Language page
Yanomami	himo, naprushi, parimi, hipë (MM07)	himo, napruʃi, parimi, hipə (MM07)		inheritance		Proto-Yanomami/Yanomam				Alternate: napruʃi, parimi, hipə	Simplex			See Language page
Yavapai	pà:7āvi		club	unknown							simplex	verb is the same		Shaterian 1983
Yokuts Palewyami	missing			missing
Yokuts Yawdanchi	wot:		stick (for hitting with)	unknown						wut-tuts 'club' Wikchamni (Porterville) Merriam 44:445; looks like Takic *wyt, probably coincidence	derived	truncated verbal noun		Kroeber 1907
Yokuts Yawelmani	missing			missing
Yuki	missing			missing
Yukpa	némak	némak												See Language page
Yukuna	kujyuwa'ala	kuhjuwaʔala		unique										See Language page


Aguaruna
Akawaio
Andoke
Araona
Ashuar
Ayoreo
Bankalachi Toloim
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Cahuilla
Canela
Central Aymara
Central Sierra Miwok
Chemehuevi
Chiriguano
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Ineseno
Chumash Obispeno
Chumash Ventureno
Chácobo
Cocopa
Comanche
Cubeo
Cupeño
Dâw
Epena
Esselen
Eñepa
Gabrielino
Ignaciano
Iipay 'Aa
Itonama
Kaingang
Kakataibo
Kakua
Kariña
Karitiana
Katukina
Kawaiisu
Kiliwa
Kitanemuk
Kotiria
Kwazá
Lake Miwok
Lokono
Luiseño
Maca
Macaguan
Maidu
Makushi
Mapudungun
Minica Witoto
Mocoví
Mojave
Mosetén-Chimané
Movima
Muinane
Muisca
Murui Witoto
Mutsun
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect
Nisenan
Nivaclé
Northern Paiute
Northern Sierra Miwok
Nukak
Nɨpode Witoto
Ocaina
Paraguayan Guaraní
Paresi
Piaroa
Plains Miwok
Puinave
Pumé
Páez
Quechua Ayacuchano
Resígaro
Salinan A
Salinan M
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet
Seri (Comcaac)
Serrano
Sikuani
Sirionó
Southern Paiute
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Ute
Tiriyó
Trumai
Tübatulabal
Tümpisa Shoshone
Wai Wai
Waorani
Wapishana
Wappo
Wari
Washo
Waurá
Wayampi
Western Mono
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay
Wintu
Yagua
Yaminahua
Yanomam
Yanomami
Yavapai
Yokuts Palewyami
Yokuts Yawdanchi
Yokuts Yawelmani
Yuki
Yukpa
Yukuna

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