Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

snake (poisonous generic) or rattlesnake

Semantic Field
flora-fauna
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
víbora (Peru), jergón (Peru), yarara
Meaning Portuguese
jararaca

Languages

Language Linnean Name Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Etymology Notes Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Range of Term Word Structure Word Structure Notes Classifier Classifier Notes Hypernym Source Association with Social Categories Ritual/Mythologically Significant Ritual Notes Food Source Food Notes Medicinal Medicinal Notes How Collected Who Collects How Prepared Psychotropic Psychotropic Notes Traded Trade Notes Distribution Habitat Dangerous Ethnobiology Notes Species Notes General Notes
Akawaio Bothrops jararaca/atrox sagazak (rattlesnake) sagazak rattlesnake inheritance Akawaio, Pemon See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 Widespread South America yes
Baniwa Bothrops jararaca/atrox onikátshire; dudulipi (H&R92) onikátshiɻe inheritance Central North Arawak Attested Resigaro. Also dudulipi (H&R92) uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 Widespread South America yes
Cubeo Bothrops jararaca/atrox bu'tʃí-we bu'tʃí-we unique uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 Widespread South America yes
Dâw Bothrops jararaca/atrox baàw, tâgrĩì bâw, təghĩ̂ inheritance underived See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 Widespread South America yes
Desano Bothrops jararaca/atrox ãña ãja inheritance uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 Widespread South America yes
Eñepa Bothrops jararaca/atrox ake mankowae (MM) ake mankowae (MM) unique Complex snake + ? See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 Widespread South America yes
Guayabero Bothrops jararaca/atrox casadora negra missing missing See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 Widespread South America yes
Hup Bothrops jararaca/atrox tǝ̃hǝ̃́y, b'aw tǝ̃hǝ̃́j, b'aw inheritance underived See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 Widespread South America yes
Kakua Bothrops jararaca/atrox bûp-~pi (Bothrops atrox); Ɂít-~hɨ̂ (Bothrops jaraca ferdelance viperidae); jɨ̂jɁ (Bothrops asper) missing missing See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 Widespread South America yes
Macaguan Bothrops jararaca/atrox jatʃit jatʃit inheritance uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 Widespread South America yes
Nheengatu Bothrops jararaca/atrox yararaka (Bathrops atrox) jararaka (Bothrops atrox) Bothrops atrox; also scorpion inheritance Proto-Tupi-Guarani Reconstructed PTG Mello 2000 No info See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 Widespread South America yes
Ninam Bothrops jararaca/atrox orIk (gom) oɾɯk (gom) inheritance uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 Widespread South America yes
Maihiki Bothrops jararaca/atrox yiayacoti aña aguɨ (yiaya=crecer el río; aña=culebra) jiajakoti aɲa agɨ unique compound yiaya=river rise; aña=snake agɨ agɨ = masculine animate See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 Widespread South America yes
Pemon Bothrops jararaca/atrox sakasak (rattlesnake) (E1980) sakasak (E1980) rattlesnake' inheritance Akawaio, Pemon See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 Widespread South America yes
Resígaro Bothrops jararaca/atrox onáʔkó onáʔkó (H&R) inheritance Central North Arawak Broader (snake in general) uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 Widespread South America yes
Sanumá Bothrops jararaca/atrox aloamɨgɨgɨ aloamɨgɨgɨ inheritance uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 Widespread South America yes
Sikuani Bothrops jararaca/atrox kakutali (2), bula, térotero (rk83 jaː-síː-to inheritance also kakutali (2), bula, térotero (rk83) uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 Widespread South America yes
Tariana Bothrops jararaca/atrox áːpi, ãpi áːpi, ãpi inheritance Proto-Arawak (North and South) uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 Widespread South America yes
Tukano Bothrops jararaca/atrox ãyâ sõʔkṍ seʔero, ãjâ inheritance Also sõʔkṍ seʔero uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 Widespread South America yes
Kotiria Bothrops jararaca/atrox ~phido soʔ'kõ-dõ ã'gã (H&R), ~pʰido semantic shift Means 'boa, anaconda' in most other ET languages. Also soʔ'kõ-dõ ã'gã (H&R) uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 Widespread South America yes
Wapishana Bothrops jararaca/atrox iʃaʐaɽɨ iʃaʐaɽɨ unique See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 Widespread South America yes
Yanomami Bothrops jararaca/atrox aroamɨ këkɨ aɾoamɨ kəkɨ (bothrops sp.) inheritance underived kəkɨ is a nominal classifier specifying that things are of the same species See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 Widespread South America yes
Yukuna Bothrops jararaca/atrox janaʔatú (H&R92) janaʔatú (H&R) unknown uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 Widespread South America yes
Yuhup Bothrops jararaca/atrox b'ǎw b'ǎw inheritance underived See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 Widespread South America yes
Piapoco Bothrops jararaca/atrox búula (rk83) [see Guahibo?] See Language page Widespread South America
Paresi Bothrops jararaca/atrox katimalaˈlo katimalaˈlo See Language page Widespread South America
Bora Bothrops jararaca/atrox rattlesnake: tʰáákʰaʔe rattlesnake: tʰáákʰaʔɛ See Language page Widespread South America
Muinane Bothrops jararaca/atrox rattlesnake: táakaʔo {sabanera} rattlesnake: táakaʔo {sabanera} See Language page Widespread South America
Wayana Bothrops jararaca/atrox pïlakïlïi pɨlakɨlɨi See Language page Widespread South America
Makiritare Bothrops jararaca/atrox künno'to (KH) (means 'poisonous snake') kɨnnoʔto unique See Language page Widespread South America
Mapoyo Bothrops jararaca/atrox samaraka (rattlesnake) samaraka (rattlesnake) See Language page Widespread South America
Wai Wai Bothrops jararaca/atrox okoyi See Language page Widespread South America
Yukpa Bothrops jararaca/atrox tɨ-máraka (=tu-máraka, H&R) See Language page Widespread South America Phon only in source
Northern Emberá Bothrops jararaca/atrox daamá (same as snake) daːmá (same as snake), ɓɨ́rɨ́ (H&R) See Language page Widespread South America
Cuiva Bothrops jararaca/atrox jomo jasíto culebra venenosa (en general) Kondo 1983:123 Widespread South America
Playero Bothrops jararaca/atrox ja-tʃi-to See Language page Widespread South America
Cofán Bothrops jararaca/atrox tunto, cachapa iyo katʃapa ijo See Language page Widespread South America phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS
Páez Bothrops jararaca/atrox ul weeswée (ul=snake) See Language page Widespread South America
Tikuna Bothrops jararaca/atrox náue 'surucucu' (Alv44) náwe 'surucucu' See Language page Widespread South America
Urarina Bothrops jararaca/atrox alajʨõo alajtʃõ: See Language page Widespread South America
Andoke Bothrops jararaca/atrox džíkoiteh(i) (RW52) See Language page Widespread South America
Pumé Bothrops jararaca/atrox po chiá 'pit viper'; chiagodé 'rattlesnake' (Lin97) See Language page Widespread South America
Puinave Bothrops jararaca/atrox generic snake: sə̃p generic snake: sə̃p See Language page Widespread South America
Máku Bothrops jararaca/atrox kurihána (jararaca) See Language page Widespread South America
Ashuar Bothrops jararaca/atrox makánch makanʧ See Language page Widespread South America
Huambisa Bothrops jararaca/atrox muash napi (napi=snake; muash?), kakanch muaʃ napi, kakanch See Language page Widespread South America
Aguaruna Bothrops jararaca/atrox bakánchi bakántʃi See Language page Widespread South America
Nadëb/Roçado dialect Bothrops jararaca/atrox bʌːw, k'atɯ̃:j inheritance See Language page Widespread South America
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect Bothrops jararaca/atrox bʌːw See Language page Widespread South America
Matses Bothrops jararaca/atrox nisi nisi See Language page Widespread South America
Yagua Bothrops jararaca/atrox jayanu xãjanu See Language page Widespread South America
Southern Pastaza Quechua Bothrops jararaca/atrox pitalala pitalala See Language page Widespread South America
Napo Lowland Quichua Bothrops jararaca/atrox pitalala pitalala See Language page Widespread South America
Sáliva Bothrops jararaca/atrox ĩhllacui ĩʔdʒakui See Language page Widespread South America
Bará Bothrops jararaca/atrox e'ri (rattlesnake) See Language page Widespread South America
Barasano Bothrops jararaca/atrox eri (rattlesnake) eri (rattlesnake) See Language page Widespread South America
Carapana Bothrops jararaca/atrox ãña asero (rattlesnake), eri (crótalo), apoawo (taya equis) ãɲã asɛɾɔ, 'érí (H&R), ɛɾi, apawɔ See Language page Widespread South America
Makuna Bothrops jararaca/atrox ãña sirgʉ (crótalo), gajoabo (taya equis) ãɲa siɾgɨ (cɾótalo), gaxoabo (taya equis), ãjã siri-gɨ (H&R) See Language page Widespread South America
Waikhana Bothrops jararaca/atrox soʔ'kõ seʔero See Language page Widespread South America
Tanimuca Bothrops jararaca/atrox ri'a dyu'ia ri'a ʎu'ia See Language page Widespread South America
Waimaja Bothrops jararaca/atrox é'rí, 'día 'ã́jã́ é'rí, 'día 'ã́jã́ See Language page Widespread South America
Siona Bothrops jararaca/atrox aña aɲa See Language page Widespread South America
Secoya Bothrops jararaca/atrox aña ʻmĩkaka See Language page Widespread South America
Kokama Bothrops jararaca/atrox tsuitini 'Bothrops' tsuitini 'Bothrops' See Language page Widespread South America
Wayampi Bothrops jararaca/atrox yalala (G89) jalala (G89) See Language page Widespread South America
Sirionó Bothrops jararaca/atrox mbeɨ (P85) mbeɨ See Language page Widespread South America
Kamayurá Bothrops jararaca/atrox jararak (K12) jararak (K12) See Language page Widespread South America
Ocaina Bothrops jararaca/atrox rattlesnake: namaañi rattlesnake: namaaɲi See Language page Widespread South America
Nɨpode Witoto Bothrops jararaca/atrox rattlesnake: nonórai rattlesnake: nonórai See Language page Widespread South America
Minica Witoto Bothrops jararaca/atrox rattlesnake: nonórai rattlesnake: nonórai See Language page Widespread South America
Murui Witoto Bothrops jararaca/atrox rattlesnake: raïdï {matches Muinane Huitoto 'coral snake'} rattlesnake: raɯdɯ {matches Muinane Huitoto 'coral snake'} See Language page Widespread South America
Iquito Bothrops jararaca/atrox iruuna ijírataaca (Bothrops brazili); sajína (Bothrops atrox) iruuna ihírataaka (Bothrops brazili); sahína (Bothrops atrox) See Language page Widespread South America
Záparo Bothrops jararaca/atrox kawnu kawnu See Language page Widespread South America
Wari Bothrops jararaca/atrox tonaiŋ (Sousa2009) tonaiŋ (Sousa2009) See Language page Widespread South America
Central Aymara Bothrops jararaca/atrox palli, katari (P04) palli, kataɾi See Language page Widespread South America
Kaingang Bothrops jararaca/atrox pỹn pẽ pɨ̃n pẽ See Language page Widespread South America
Djeoromitxi Bothrops jararaca/atrox merübri merøbri See Language page Widespread South America
Lokono Bothrops jararaca/atrox mora-bana mora-bana mora-leaf from the dry leaf like markings, poisonous snake (Lachesis Fanshawe 1949:69 Widespread South America yes
Kariña Bothrops jararaca/atrox kỳnoto kɨhnoto fer de lance Courtz 2007:310 Widespread South America yes