Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

snake (poisonous generic) or rattlesnake

Semantic Field: flora-fauna
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: víbora (Peru), jergón (Peru), yarara
Meaning Portuguese: jararaca

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Language	Linnean Name	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Etymology Notes	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Range of Term	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	Classifier	Classifier Notes	Hypernym	Source	Association with Social Categories	Ritual/Mythologically Significant	Ritual Notes	Food Source	Food Notes	Medicinal	Medicinal Notes	How Collected	Who Collects	How Prepared	Psychotropic	Psychotropic Notes	Traded	Trade Notes	Distribution	Habitat	Dangerous	Ethnobiology Notes	Species Notes	General Notes

Language	Linnean Name	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Language	Etymology Notes	Range of Term	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	Classifier	Classifier Notes	Source	Ritual/Mythologically Significant	Food Source	Medicinal	Psychotropic	Traded	Distribution	Dangerous	General Notes
Aguaruna	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	bakánchi	bakántʃi										See Language page						Widespread South America
Akawaio	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	sagazak (rattlesnake)	sagazak	rattlesnake	inheritance	Akawaio, Pemon							See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	Widespread South America	yes
Andoke	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	džíkoiteh(i) (RW52)											See Language page						Widespread South America
Ashuar	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	makánch	makanʧ										See Language page						Widespread South America
Baniwa	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	onikátshire; dudulipi (H&R92)	onikátshiɻe		inheritance	Central North Arawak	Attested Resigaro. Also dudulipi (H&R92)		uncoded				See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	Widespread South America	yes
Barasano	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	eri (rattlesnake)	eri (rattlesnake)										See Language page						Widespread South America
Bará	Bothrops jararaca/atrox		e'ri (rattlesnake)										See Language page						Widespread South America
Bora	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	rattlesnake: tʰáákʰaʔe	rattlesnake: tʰáákʰaʔɛ										See Language page						Widespread South America
Carapana	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	ãña asero (rattlesnake), eri (crótalo), apoawo (taya equis)	ãɲã asɛɾɔ, 'érí (H&R), ɛɾi, apawɔ										See Language page						Widespread South America
Central Aymara	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	palli, katari (P04)	palli, kataɾi										See Language page						Widespread South America
Cofán	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	tunto, cachapa iyo	katʃapa ijo										See Language page						Widespread South America		phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS
Cubeo	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	bu'tʃí-we	bu'tʃí-we		unique				uncoded				See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	Widespread South America	yes
Cuiva	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	jomo	jasíto	culebra venenosa (en general)									Kondo 1983:123						Widespread South America
Desano	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	ãña	ãja		inheritance				uncoded				See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	Widespread South America	yes
Djeoromitxi	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	merübri	merøbri										See Language page						Widespread South America
Dâw	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	baàw, tâgrĩì	bâw, təghĩ̂		inheritance				underived				See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	Widespread South America	yes
Eñepa	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	ake mankowae (MM)	ake mankowae (MM)		unique				Complex	snake + ?			See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	Widespread South America	yes
Guayabero	Bothrops jararaca/atrox		casadora negra		missing				missing				See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	Widespread South America	yes
Huambisa	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	muash napi (napi=snake; muash?), kakanch	muaʃ napi, kakanch										See Language page						Widespread South America
Hup	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	tǝ̃hǝ̃́y, b'aw	tǝ̃hǝ̃́j, b'aw		inheritance				underived				See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	Widespread South America	yes
Iquito	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	iruuna ijírataaca (Bothrops brazili); sajína (Bothrops atrox)	iruuna ihírataaka (Bothrops brazili); sahína (Bothrops atrox)										See Language page						Widespread South America
Kaingang	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	pỹn pẽ	pɨ̃n pẽ										See Language page						Widespread South America
Kakua	Bothrops jararaca/atrox		bûp-~pi (Bothrops atrox); Ɂít-~hɨ̂ (Bothrops jaraca ferdelance viperidae); jɨ̂jɁ (Bothrops asper)		missing				missing				See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	Widespread South America	yes
Kamayurá	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	jararak (K12)	jararak (K12)										See Language page						Widespread South America
Kariña	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	kỳnoto	kɨhnoto	fer de lance									Courtz 2007:310						Widespread South America	yes
Kokama	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	tsuitini 'Bothrops'	tsuitini 'Bothrops'										See Language page						Widespread South America
Kotiria	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	~phido	soʔ'kõ-dõ ã'gã (H&R), ~pʰido		semantic shift		Means 'boa, anaconda' in most other ET languages. Also soʔ'kõ-dõ ã'gã (H&R)		uncoded				See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	Widespread South America	yes
Lokono	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	mora-bana	mora-bana	mora-leaf from the dry leaf like markings, poisonous snake (Lachesis									Fanshawe 1949:69						Widespread South America	yes
Macaguan	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	jatʃit	jatʃit		inheritance				uncoded				See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	Widespread South America	yes
Maihiki	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	yiayacoti aña aguɨ (yiaya=crecer el río; aña=culebra)	jiajakoti aɲa agɨ		unique				compound	yiaya=river rise; aña=snake	agɨ	agɨ = masculine animate	See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	Widespread South America	yes
Makiritare	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	künno'to (KH) (means 'poisonous snake')	kɨnnoʔto		unique								See Language page						Widespread South America
Makuna	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	ãña sirgʉ (crótalo), gajoabo (taya equis)	ãɲa siɾgɨ (cɾótalo), gaxoabo (taya equis), ãjã siri-gɨ (H&R)										See Language page						Widespread South America
Mapoyo	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	samaraka (rattlesnake)	samaraka (rattlesnake)										See Language page						Widespread South America
Matses	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	nisi	nisi										See Language page						Widespread South America
Minica Witoto	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	rattlesnake: nonórai	rattlesnake: nonórai										See Language page						Widespread South America
Muinane	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	rattlesnake: táakaʔo {sabanera}	rattlesnake: táakaʔo {sabanera}										See Language page						Widespread South America
Murui Witoto	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	rattlesnake: raïdï {matches Muinane Huitoto 'coral snake'}	rattlesnake: raɯdɯ {matches Muinane Huitoto 'coral snake'}										See Language page						Widespread South America
Máku	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	kurihána (jararaca)											See Language page						Widespread South America
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect	Bothrops jararaca/atrox		bʌːw										See Language page						Widespread South America
Nadëb/Roçado dialect	Bothrops jararaca/atrox		bʌːw, k'atɯ̃:j		inheritance								See Language page						Widespread South America
Napo Lowland Quichua	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	pitalala	pitalala										See Language page						Widespread South America
Nheengatu	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	yararaka (Bathrops atrox)	jararaka (Bothrops atrox)	Bothrops atrox; also scorpion	inheritance	Proto-Tupi-Guarani	Reconstructed PTG Mello 2000		No info				See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	Widespread South America	yes
Ninam	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	orIk (gom)	oɾɯk (gom)		inheritance				uncoded				See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	Widespread South America	yes
Northern Emberá	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	daamá (same as snake)	daːmá (same as snake), ɓɨ́rɨ́ (H&R)										See Language page						Widespread South America
Nɨpode Witoto	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	rattlesnake: nonórai	rattlesnake: nonórai										See Language page						Widespread South America
Ocaina	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	rattlesnake: namaañi	rattlesnake: namaaɲi										See Language page						Widespread South America
Paresi	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	katimalaˈlo	katimalaˈlo										See Language page						Widespread South America
Pemon	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	sakasak (rattlesnake) (E1980)	sakasak (E1980)	rattlesnake'	inheritance	Akawaio, Pemon							See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	Widespread South America	yes
Piapoco	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	búula (rk83) [see Guahibo?]											See Language page						Widespread South America
Playero	Bothrops jararaca/atrox		ja-tʃi-to										See Language page						Widespread South America
Puinave	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	generic snake: sə̃p	generic snake: sə̃p										See Language page						Widespread South America
Pumé	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	po chiá 'pit viper'; chiagodé 'rattlesnake' (Lin97)											See Language page						Widespread South America
Páez	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	ul weeswée (ul=snake)											See Language page						Widespread South America
Resígaro	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	onáʔkó	onáʔkó (H&R)		inheritance	Central North Arawak		Broader (snake in general)	uncoded				See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	Widespread South America	yes
Sanumá	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	aloamɨgɨgɨ	aloamɨgɨgɨ		inheritance				uncoded				See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	Widespread South America	yes
Secoya	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	aña	ʻmĩkaka										See Language page						Widespread South America
Sikuani	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	kakutali (2), bula, térotero (rk83	jaː-síː-to		inheritance		also kakutali (2), bula, térotero (rk83)		uncoded				See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	Widespread South America	yes
Siona	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	aña	aɲa										See Language page						Widespread South America
Sirionó	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	mbeɨ (P85)	mbeɨ										See Language page						Widespread South America
Southern Pastaza Quechua	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	pitalala	pitalala										See Language page						Widespread South America
Sáliva	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	ĩhllacui	ĩʔdʒakui										See Language page						Widespread South America
Tanimuca	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	ri'a dyu'ia	ri'a ʎu'ia										See Language page						Widespread South America
Tariana	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	áːpi, ãpi	áːpi, ãpi		inheritance	Proto-Arawak (North and South)			uncoded				See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	Widespread South America	yes
Tikuna	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	náue 'surucucu' (Alv44)	náwe 'surucucu'										See Language page						Widespread South America
Tukano	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	ãyâ	sõʔkṍ seʔero, ãjâ		inheritance		Also sõʔkṍ seʔero		uncoded				See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	Widespread South America	yes
Urarina	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	alajʨõo	alajtʃõ:										See Language page						Widespread South America
Wai Wai	Bothrops jararaca/atrox		okoyi										See Language page						Widespread South America
Waikhana	Bothrops jararaca/atrox		soʔ'kõ seʔero										See Language page						Widespread South America
Waimaja	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	é'rí, 'día 'ã́jã́	é'rí, 'día 'ã́jã́										See Language page						Widespread South America
Wapishana	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	iʃaʐaɽɨ	iʃaʐaɽɨ		unique								See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	Widespread South America	yes
Wari	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	tonaiŋ (Sousa2009)	tonaiŋ (Sousa2009)										See Language page						Widespread South America
Wayampi	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	yalala (G89)	jalala (G89)										See Language page						Widespread South America
Wayana	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	pïlakïlïi	pɨlakɨlɨi										See Language page						Widespread South America
Yagua	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	jayanu	xãjanu										See Language page						Widespread South America
Yanomami	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	aroamɨ këkɨ	aɾoamɨ kəkɨ (bothrops sp.)		inheritance				underived		kəkɨ is a nominal classifier specifying that things are of the same species		See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	Widespread South America	yes
Yuhup	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	b'ǎw	b'ǎw		inheritance				underived				See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	Widespread South America	yes
Yukpa	Bothrops jararaca/atrox		tɨ-máraka (=tu-máraka, H&R)										See Language page						Widespread South America		Phon only in source
Yukuna	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	janaʔatú (H&R92)	janaʔatú (H&R)		unknown				uncoded				See Language page	0	0	0	0	0	Widespread South America	yes
Záparo	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	kawnu	kawnu										See Language page						Widespread South America


Aguaruna
Akawaio
Andoke
Ashuar
Baniwa
Barasano
Bará
Bora
Carapana
Central Aymara
Cofán
Cubeo
Cuiva
Desano
Djeoromitxi
Dâw
Eñepa
Guayabero
Huambisa
Hup
Iquito
Kaingang
Kakua
Kamayurá
Kariña
Kokama
Kotiria
Lokono
Macaguan
Maihiki
Makiritare
Makuna
Mapoyo
Matses
Minica Witoto
Muinane
Murui Witoto
Máku
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect
Nadëb/Roçado dialect
Napo Lowland Quichua
Nheengatu
Ninam
Northern Emberá
Nɨpode Witoto
Ocaina
Paresi
Pemon
Piapoco
Playero
Puinave
Pumé
Páez
Resígaro
Sanumá
Secoya
Sikuani
Siona
Sirionó
Southern Pastaza Quechua
Sáliva
Tanimuca
Tariana
Tikuna
Tukano
Urarina
Wai Wai
Waikhana
Waimaja
Wapishana
Wari
Wayampi
Wayana
Yagua
Yanomami
Yuhup
Yukpa
Yukuna
Záparo

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