Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

blowgun

Semantic Field
subsistence tool
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
cerbatana, pucuna (Peru)
Meaning Portuguese
zarabatana

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes Word Structure Word Structure Notes General Notes Source
Kakua ʔɨ̌ʔ-naʔ ʔɨ̌ʔ-naʔ inheritance Simplex blowgun-cl.stick/tree.like currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Nheengatu çarauatana sarawatana loan Portuguese currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Hodï hoana / hwana unique Simplex currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Yanomami arõkõhiriwë aɾõkõhiɾiwə unknown Simplex currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Kotiria puka puka doubtful loan Proto-East Tukanoan cf. Quechua pukuna; Andoke uipúkə̃ Appears to have dropped final syllable. May derive from Iriartella palm, also possibly related to 'blow' Simplex currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Cubeo pʉ̃́oñʉ pɨ̃o-ɲɨ unique Derived Classifier -ɲɨ currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Tukano bupu-wɨ́ (h&r) ['paxiuba'] bupu-wɨ́ (h&r) ['paxiuba'] inheritance Proto-East Tukanoan May derive from Iriartella palm, also possibly related to 'blow' Derived bupu, “juputi”; -wi derivational affix currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Desano bujuru buhuru inheritance Proto-East Tukanoan May derive from Iriartella palm, also possibly related to 'blow' Simplex currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Maihiki ju ja xu xã inheritance May derive from 'blow' Simplex currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Hup capb'ak capb'ak inheritance Proto-DYH No info May be etymologically complex, lexicalized;c.f. -b'ak 'clump, cluster' currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Dâw baák bǎk inheritance Proto-DYH Simplex currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Sikuani zirípi-bo (Rivet 1948) zirípi-bo (Rivet 1948) loan, direction unknown Proto-MSC (Macaguan, Sikuani) Piapoco Shared with Macaguan; could be loan Guahibo > Arawak, but Rivet lists dozens of Arawak lgs with similar words for blowpipe, arrow, and dart. Classified currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Macaguan chirpú tʃiɾpú loan, direction unknown Proto-MSC (Macaguan, Sikuani) Piapoco Shared Sikuani; could be loan Guahibo > Arawak, but Rivet lists dozens of Arawak lgs with similar words for blowpipe, arrow, and dart. Simplex currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Guayabero ɸumói ɸumói-t unknown Simplex currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Pemon kuuraik (E1980) kuraɪk (E1980) inheritance Venezuelan (N. Amazonian) subgroup Maybe Proto-Carib currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Akawaio kuuraik kuraɪk inheritance Venezuelan (N. Amazonian) subgroup Maybe Proto-Carib currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Makushi kuraʔ (SM) kuraʔ (SM) inheritance Venezuelan (N. Amazonian) subgroup Maybe Proto-Carib currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Eñepa wata, wa'ta, wo'ta (MM) wata, waʔta, woʔta (MM) loan Yavitero, Warekena wata- currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Yukuna wapa'aná wapaʔaná inheritance Proto North Arawak currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Tariana mawípi mawípi inheritance Proto Rio Negro Simplex currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Baniwa mawípi mawípi inheritance Proto Rio Negro Simplex currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Resígaro vá?paánú, vá?paánahú váʔpaánú, váʔpaánahú inheritance Proto North Arawak Alternate: vápaánú Simplex currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Achagua mabi, mawi (Melendez 2014) mabi, mawi (Melendez 2014) inheritance currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Piapoco siripíwa siɾipíwa currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Kabiyari wápaʔna wápaʔna currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Yavitero watája watáha currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Mandawaka wirúhune wiɾúhune currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Paresi -- -- missing currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Bora tólliíjyu, tóllií unique currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Muinane gisɨ́-xɨ {blow-tube} gisɨ́-xɨ {blow-tube} currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Carijona raca (SM) inheritance currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Makiritare kuda:ta (KH) kuda:ta inheritance currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Mapoyo rahsa rahsa currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Yabarana raita currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Muisca fuhuta puhuta currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Cofán ufacco´cco ɯɸakhoʔkho phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra shóganáazi ʃónkanáaʂi unique currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Taushiro ane´ta (also gun) anɨʔta (also gun) currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Páez fytŭupatj currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Tikuna ĩxẽ ĩʔẽ unique currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Urarina hiʨana hitʃana unique currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Andoke uipúkə̃ uipúkə̃ doubtful loan cf. Quechua pukuna; Wanano puka currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Puinave jun iun unique currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Ashuar uum u:m currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Huambisa uum u:m currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Aguaruna úum ú:m inheritance currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Nukak ʔɨɨʔ inheritance currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Yuhup bˀǎk currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect ʃo̰ːw semantic shift from 'shoot blowgun' currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect ʃo̰ːw currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Matses bushcante, bushcate, shaui buʃkante, buʃkate, ʃaui unknown currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Yagua generic gun: dudasi; dunu generic gun: dudasi; dunu unique currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua pucuna pukuna currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Ingá budukira budukira currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua pucuna pukuna currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Piaroa nuäi nuæi unknown currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Bará bu'pua currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Barasano buhú-a buhú-a currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Carapana bupua bupua currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Makuna bujaga buxaga inheritance currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Yuruti búpua búpua currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Waikhana u'puga u'puga currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Siriano bo'hó-ru bo'hó-ru currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Tanimuca pu'pu o'ka pu'pu o'ka inheritance currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Tatuyo búpua búpua currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Tuyuka bu'pú-wɨ bu'pú-wɨ currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Waimaja buᵽúá buɸúá currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Koreguaje jʉoñʉ xʉoɲʉ inheritance currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Siona jëohuë hɨowɨ inheritance currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Secoya jëohuë hɨɔwɨ currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Kokama puna puna unknown currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Ocaina fajííhxatya ɸahííʔxatʲa unique currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Nɨpode Witoto obí-ǰakaï obí-dʒakaɯ currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Minica Witoto obí-ǰakaï obí-dʒakaɯ currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Murui Witoto obi-ǰakaï obi-dʒakaɯ inheritance/Witoto currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Iquito nimúuna nimúuna inheritance currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Záparo numanuka numanuka currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page
Wari tememʔ mapyp (Sousa2009) tememʔ mapɨp (Sousa2009) currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region See Language page