Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

mountain/hill

Semantic Field: environment
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: montaña, colina, loma, cerro
Meaning Portuguese: morro, serra

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Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Loan Source	General Notes	Source
Aché		kuãʔã		unique			See Language page
Aguaruna	íkam	íkam		inheritance			See Language page
Akawaio	wïk (E1977)	wïk (E1977)		inheritance			See Language page
Andoke	fisi	ɸiçi		unique			See Language page
Apalai	somohmano, ypy	somohmano, ɨpɨ		unique; inheritance			See Language page
Araona		ewašokʷe				Also ewa-tihi-tihi. Cf. 'thumb' 04.342.	See Language page
Arutani	piʔa	piʔa					See Language page
Ashuar	múra	mura					See Language page
Ayoreo		oro'ko-daa'te				daa'te is 'mother', with the meaning of 'big'. Also oro'ko.	See Language page
Baniwa	hidzápa	hidzápa		inheritance			See Language page
Barasano	~gɨtaɨ	~gɨtaɨ					See Language page
Bará		ɨ̃'ã́-gɨ̃					See Language page
Barí		dyɨra				Colombia: dʸɨɨrədə; 'šibərə.	See Language page
Bora	kʰáme-kʷáxï, kʷáxïḯ, páïḯ, pʰá-kʷaxï, pʰá-ʔpaï}	kʰámɛ-kʷáxɯ, kʷáxɯɯ́, páɯɯ́, pʰá-kʷaxɯ, pʰá-ʔpaɯ		inheritance; inheritance			See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra	machi	matʃi		unique			See Language page
Carapana	buuro (hill), ʉ̃tã (mountain)	ɨ̃tãɨ̃					See Language page
Carijona	hɨbɨ			inheritance			See Language page
Cavineña	owa-kʷemoso; e-mata (owa means "earth")	owa-kʷemoso; e-mata		inheritance?			See Language page
Cayuvava		rɔ'retui				Means 'raised land, hill'.	See Language page
Central Aymara	qollu	ḳulʸu					See Language page
Cha'palaa		'kuyi; 'lun-'guyi				First form also means 'edge' 12.353. Also butʸu, 'hill'.	See Language page
Chipaya		kuru				Also čˀutu, a large or small mound; pata means 'small hill'.	See Language page
Chiriguano		ɨwɨtɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja		takixnakiʔ					See Language page
Chácobo	mai-tɨmači; tɨmači; makana	mai-tɨmači; tɨmači; makana		inheritance; inheritance			See Language page
Cofán	ccota´cco	khotaʔkho				phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS	See Language page
Cubeo	cʉ̃racũ ʉ̃mʉjʉricũ, ʉ̃mʉcacũchibʉ	kɨ̃lakũ ɨ̃mɨhɨlikũ, ɨ̃mɨkakũtʃibɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Desano	ʉ̃tãgʉ	ɨ̃tãgɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Djeoromitxi	uri	uri					See Language page
Dâw	paás	pǎʃ		inheritance			See Language page
Epena		'ee					See Language page
Ese Ejja		e(y)iyo		inheritance			See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo	ebawa	ebawa					See Language page
Eñepa	iʔ	iʔ		unique			See Language page
Guayabero		ʔiabót, mɨax		unknown; unknown			See Language page
Hodï	inewa (hill)			unique			See Language page
Huambisa	ikam	ikam					See Language page
Hup	pǎç [=stone]	pǎç [=stone]		inheritance			See Language page
Ignaciano		mari; masiʔi					See Language page
Ingá	tula						See Language page
Iquito	aniníiqui	aniníiki		unique			See Language page
Kabiyari	marena, takari	marena, takari					See Language page
Kaingang	pãnònh	krĩ; pãnɔɲ; sɔr					See Language page
Kakataibo		βaši; ma'nã				Also ma'tã, ma'ta (dial.); c̷ira 'tall hill, escarpment'. Panoan maʔči Panoan mana with related meanings 'above, up, upstream'.	See Language page
Kakua		bak-hě [soil-mountain]		unique			See Language page
Kalapalo	tefu	tefu		unique			See Language page
Kamayurá	iˀatɨt (M2000)	iˀatɨt (M2000)		inheritance			See Language page
Karajá		hãwãlɔ					See Language page
Kariña	paranka	paranka	hill; mountain				Yamada 2010:788
Karitiana	neso	neso		unknown			See Language page
Katukina		maṣ̌i					See Language page
Koreguaje	aikũti	aikhũthi		inheritance			See Language page
Kotiria	tʉ̃cʉ (Waltz)	tʉ̃kʉ (Waltz)		inheritance			See Language page
Kwazá	tsuritsatu	tsuritsatu					See Language page
Lengua		inkyiɬe					See Language page
Lokono	holholho	hoɽoɽo	mountain				Pet 1987:364
Maca		utek (f.)				'Mountain ridge' is utek-et. Cf. 'stone' 01.440.	See Language page
Macaguan	tserít	tseɾít		unknown			See Language page
Maihiki	ɨmɨ tɨtɨ ja (ɨmɨ=high)	ɨmɨ tɨ̃tɨ xã		inheritance			See Language page
Makiritare	hɨ̄ (IDS); hü: (KH), chu (KH) (means 'mountain', 'forest')	hɨ:; tʃu (KH)		inheritance; unique			See Language page
Makuna	~gɨtagũ̵	~gɨtagũ̵		inheritance			See Language page
Makushi	wɨʔ (SIL)	wɨʔ (SIL)		inheritance			See Language page
Mandawaka	idáha	idáha					See Language page
Mapoyo	yipï	yipʊ					See Language page
Mapudungun		wiŋkul mapu				Ranquel form is mawiða.	See Language page
Matses	mannan	mannán		inheritance			See Language page
Minica Witoto	kaiɸó-ne-du, íɸerï	kaiɸó-nɛ-du, íɸɛrɯ					See Language page
Mocoví		soʁonaʁa					See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané		mœ'kæ					See Language page
Movima	ɗuɗuʔ-kʷa	ɗuɗuʔ-kʷa					See Language page
Muinane	(-)báaɨ, -gáxɨ {gorge}, káamo-βo baaɨ́, káamo-βo-gaxɨ	(-)báaɨ, -gáxɨ {gorge}, káamo-βo baaɨ́, káamo-βo-gaxɨ					See Language page
Muisca	gua	γua					See Language page
Murui Witoto	a-ne-du, i-du	a-nɛ-du, i-du		unknown			See Language page
Máku	wi:ke	wi:ke					See Language page
Nheengatu	yumbuiçawa (yumbui-lavrar, çawa-nominalizer)	jumbuisawa (jumbui=lavrar, sawa=nominalizer)		unique			See Language page
Ninam	olina, teremi (EM72), maamak (EM72)	olina, teɾemi, ma:mak		loan; unique; inheritance	Spanish		See Language page
Nivaclé		ute-yuk	mountain, hill			Lit. 'rock-nominalizer suffix'.	https://ids.clld.org/
Northern Emberá	eyyá, chirúa, kathumá, katumá	eyyá, tʃirúa, kathumá, katumá					See Language page
Nukak		bii3		unique			See Language page
Nɨpode Witoto	kaipó-ne-du, íperï	kaipó-nɛ-du, ípɛrɯ					See Language page
Ocaina	tyavúúro (colina)	tʲaβɯ́ɯ́ro (colina)		unique			See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní		ɨvɨ-tɨ				Lit. 'earth-heap'.	See Language page
Paresi	tyairi	tyairi		unknown			See Language page
Pemon	mota (hombro, colina), wük (M2000)	mota (A1981); wɨk		unique; inheritance			See Language page
Piapoco	dúli	dúli					See Language page
Piaroa	muɨ'Ek'a'	muɨɁEkɁaɁ		unknown			See Language page
Pilagá		ḳasoʁonaʁa					See Language page
Puinave	wen	wen		unique			See Language page
Pumé	ñãmĩ						See Language page
Páez	achi	atʃi					See Language page
Qawasqar		arḳa-ḳʰar				Bo and Gui record the same for Central QWS. Cf. 'sky' 01.510; 'up' 12.080. Also wes-kʰar; cf. 'earth' 01.210.	See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano	orqo	oɾqo					See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité		mitaimoŋ				Same as 'stone, rock' 01.440.	See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet		eŋkeɬe; mataymoŋ					See Language page
Sanumá	heu (EM72), maamakɨ (EM72)	heu, maamakɨ		inheritance; inheritance			See Language page
Sape	takwa	takwa					See Language page
Secoya	jai cuti (montaña), cotihuë (loma)	hai 'kũti, kõtiwɨ					See Language page
Selknam		kˀoyin					See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo		ma-nã; mato; animanã					See Language page
Siona	kupˀɨ; ku	kupˀɨ; ku		unknown			See Language page
Siriano	buúru	buúru					See Language page
Sirionó	ibi ibate (Literally "earth high"; (ibi means earth))	ibi ibate		inheritance			See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua	urcu	uɾku					See Language page
Sáliva	inacoho	inakoʔo		unknown			See Language page
Tacana		e-mata; moroko				The former also means 'forehead' 04.205.	See Language page
Tanimuca	pu'sia	pu'sia		doubtful loan, direction unknown	Yagua		See Language page
Tariana	maka-pulikúda	maka-pulikúda		unknown			See Language page
Tatuyo	ɨ̃'tãɨ̃	ɨ̃'tãɨ̃					See Language page
Tehuelche		'gēwt				Means 'hill'. Also 'yerwn.	See Language page
Tikuna		[-pɯ] (nominal root)		unique			See Language page
Tinigua	paːŋga						See Language page
Tiriyó	pï(ï)	pɨ(ɨ)		inheritance			See Language page
Toba		ḳasoʁonaʁa				Cf. 'lightning' 01.550.	See Language page
Trinitario		ʔnuɣʔe mari				Lit. 'high rock' 01.440.	See Language page
Tukano	yehê (hr)	jehê (hr)		unique			See Language page
Tuyuka	ɨ̃tã-'gɨ̃	ɨ̃tã-ʔgɨ̃					See Language page
Urarina	ḍzaḍzoaco			unique			See Language page
Wai Wai	ɨɨΦɨ; matɨwɨ-n	ɨɨΦɨ; matɨwɨ-n		inheritance; unique			See Language page
Waikhana	kɨ̃dɨ̃	kɨ̃dɨ̃					See Language page
Waimaja	búľó (cerro), ɨ̃́tʰã́bùľò (montaña)	búró (cerro), ɨ̃́tʰã́bùrò (montaña)					See Language page
Waimiri Atroari	kyky	kɨkɨ					See Language page
Waorani	gomi			unique			See Language page
Wapishana	miˀdɨkʰɨu; nawaẓi	miˀdɨkʰɨu; nawaẓi		unknown; unknown			See Language page
Warao	bubu (hill)	bubu (hill)					See Language page
Wari		pakun				Lit. 'rock' 01.440.	See Language page
Waurá	kehɨ-tɨ-kuma	kehɨ-tɨ-kuma		unknown			See Language page
Wayampi	ɨwɨ-tɨ	Lit. 'earth-much'.		inheritance			See Language page
Wayana	ïpï	ɨpɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Wayuu		uuči				Hill' is wɨtai (~wɨtali).	See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay		tače'nah					See Language page
Yabarana		yutu, 'jutu					See Language page
Yagua	musiy	musij		doubtful loan	Tanimuca, Panoan		See Language page
Yaminahua		mãči kɨya				Lit. 'hill tall'.	See Language page
Yanomam	hefu (EM72), maamak (EM72)	hefu, ma:mak		inheritance; inheritance			See Language page
Yanomami	hehu, makɨ (EM72)	hehu, makɨ (EM72)		inheritance; inheritance			See Language page
Yavitero	yaha	jaha					See Language page
Yine		mahka; pxita				Also c̷rɨpxita. Foot of h. is mahka c̷kata; slope of h. is mahka xripi; summit of h. is mahka c̷opo; hillside is mahka tamnɨ; crest of hill is mrixi.	See Language page
Yukpa		dʒowa					See Language page
Yukuna	yenuri	jenuɾi		inheritance			See Language page
Yuruti	'búuro	'búuro					See Language page
Záparo	tuanaha	tuanaha					See Language page


Aché
Aguaruna
Akawaio
Andoke
Apalai
Araona
Arutani
Ashuar
Ayoreo
Baniwa
Barasano
Bará
Barí
Bora
Candoshi-Shapra
Carapana
Carijona
Cavineña
Cayuvava
Central Aymara
Cha'palaa
Chipaya
Chiriguano
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja
Chácobo
Cofán
Cubeo
Desano
Djeoromitxi
Dâw
Epena
Ese Ejja
Ese Ejja/Huarayo
Eñepa
Guayabero
Hodï
Huambisa
Hup
Ignaciano
Ingá
Iquito
Kabiyari
Kaingang
Kakataibo
Kakua
Kalapalo
Kamayurá
Karajá
Kariña
Karitiana
Katukina
Koreguaje
Kotiria
Kwazá
Lengua
Lokono
Maca
Macaguan
Maihiki
Makiritare
Makuna
Makushi
Mandawaka
Mapoyo
Mapudungun
Matses
Minica Witoto
Mocoví
Mosetén-Chimané
Movima
Muinane
Muisca
Murui Witoto
Máku
Nheengatu
Ninam
Nivaclé
Northern Emberá
Nukak
Nɨpode Witoto
Ocaina
Paraguayan Guaraní
Paresi
Pemon
Piapoco
Piaroa
Pilagá
Puinave
Pumé
Páez
Qawasqar
Quechua Ayacuchano
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet
Sanumá
Sape
Secoya
Selknam
Shipibo-Konibo
Siona
Siriano
Sirionó
Southern Pastaza Quechua
Sáliva
Tacana
Tanimuca
Tariana
Tatuyo
Tehuelche
Tikuna
Tinigua
Tiriyó
Toba
Trinitario
Tukano
Tuyuka
Urarina
Wai Wai
Waikhana
Waimaja
Waimiri Atroari
Waorani
Wapishana
Warao
Wari
Waurá
Wayampi
Wayana
Wayuu
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay
Yabarana
Yagua
Yaminahua
Yanomam
Yanomami
Yavitero
Yine
Yukpa
Yukuna
Yuruti
Záparo

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