Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

fence, palisade

Semantic Field: other
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: cerco
Meaning Portuguese: cerca

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Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Etymology Notes	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	General Notes	Source

Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Loan Source	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Etymology Notes	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	General Notes	Source
Achagua	kuɻáaɻa (R01), kúura	kuɻáaɻa (R01), kúura		loan	Spanish/Portuguese						may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Aché		bue pečeatɨgi		unique							may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Aguaruna	taníish, péeg	taní:ʃ, pɨ:g		unknown							may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Akawaio	pe'wï	peʔwɨ		unknown							may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Ashuar	wenúrmau, wenúti	wɯnurmau, wɯnuti									may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Baniwa	koráara	koɻáaɻa		loan	Spanish/Portuguese	WW	%kurara	Spanish source, via Nheengatu? Arawak (e.g. Wapishana kʰurara); Baniwa koɻáaɻa; Yavitero ku'rara; Nheengatu kurara; Northern Emberá korrá	Simplex		may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Barí		watišišeše									may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Baure	ečosoe	etʃosoe		doubtful loan, direction unknown	Siriono etarõsa						may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Bora	mihlle, pámɨjco	miʔtʃe, pʰámɨxkʰo		unknown							may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra	vátsiriíta	wátsiɾiita		unknown	cf. Ashuar wenúti						may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Cavineña	e-taraka-ne-ke; espiki (IDS notes the unusual consonant cluster in "espiki")	e-taraka-ne-ke; espiki		unique							may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Central Aymara		uyu									may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Cha'palaa		'weeta									may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Chiriguano		'hokai									may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja		-lafʷek (m.)									Cf. 07.150.	See Language page
Chácobo	panɨwa-	panɨwa-		doubtful loan	TG pari						may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Cofán	na´inchoe, pporotsse	naʔintʃoɛ, phorotshɛ									phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Cubeo	biaido	biaido	fence, enclosure ('cerca')	unknown						Classifier -do	may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Desano	pohro	pohro		unknown					Simplex		may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Djeoromitxi	nitäkä	nitǝkǝ									may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Dâw	saàd	ʃâd		inheritance							may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Ese Ejja		hiiyo		unique							may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Eñepa	y-ankahtə-toʔ; tyankan, -ankajtë- (MM)	j-ankahtë-tɔʔ; tjankan, -ankahtǝ- (MM)		unknown				Alternate: j-ankahtë-tɔʔ			may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Hodï	mena	laho		unique					Simplex		may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Hup	hicǎd	hicǎd		inheritance	Tukano?				Other complex	FACTITIVE-?	may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Ignaciano		nare-če; 'yučama									may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Ingá	kincha	kintʃa									may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Itonama		wačobo; ahminičuloʔtʸo									may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Kaingang	rò	rɔ									may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Kakua	wâyat-hɨdɨʔ	wâyat-hʉdʉʔ [?-keep/hold]		unknown					Other complex	?-keep/hold	may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Kariña	jaran	jaran	fence, enclosure		Courtz 2007:284
Katukina		kɨnɨ									Also means 'room' 07.210; 'wall' 07.270.	See Language page
Kokama	yuta	juta		unknown							may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Kotiria	pari kùnu	pari kùnu		loan	TG pari				Compound		may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Lengua		ap-hathta									may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Maca		#NAME?									may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Maihiki	ɨayigo ja	ɨajigo xã		unknown							may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Makushi	seereka (SM)	seereka (SM)		loan	Spanish/Portuguese						may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Mapoyo	yawatapï'bë (?)	yawatapʊ'bɛ (?)									may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Mapudungun		[koral]									From Spanish 'corral'. Same in Ranquel.	See Language page
Mocoví		l-apo-ʁon-aʁat									Lit. '3p possessor-cover-intrans-instrument (masc)'.	See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané		'sope									may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Movima	čaʔ-ɓes	tʃaʔ-ɓes									may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Muisca	ca	ka									may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Murui Witoto	iaɨ́reì, ianoride	iaɯ̀rɛì, ianoridɛ (B83)		inheritance?							may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua	mayan	majan									may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Nheengatu	kurara	kurara		loan	Arawak or Spanish/Portuguese	WW	%kurara	Nheengatu as likely donor into Arawak (e.g. Wapishana kʰurara); Baniwa koɻáaɻa; Nheengatu kurara; Northern Emberá korrá	Simplex		may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Ninam	šokia wei (ids)	ʃ̌okia wei (ids)		unknown					Derived	ʃ̌okia, unclear; wei nominalizer	may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Nivaclé		ašklɔfeč									may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Northern Emberá	korrá	korá (from Spanish?)									may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Ocaina	áán̈urah	áán:ɯraʔ		inheritance?							may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní		[kora]; t-o'kai									may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Piapoco	kuráaru (R01)	kuráaru (R01)									may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Piaroa	emuɨhunúh, muɨ'epuɨh	emuɨhunúh, muɨɁepuɨh		unknown							may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Pilagá		ḳopadit									Refers to fence made of posts and/or wire.	See Language page
Puinave	wai	wai		unique							may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Pumé	jachí dãĩ										may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Páez	cafind	kafind									may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Qawasqar		yec̷etḳana									From Ag.	See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano	qencha, perqa	qentʃa, peɾqa									may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité		nosiyaniŋ									may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet		neŋhaɬtaam; moopeeyeen-yaamet									may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo		čitɨ; kɨnɨ									may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Sikuani	[maneritanae (31)(wood to make fences)]			missing							may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Sirionó	etarõsa	etarõsa		doubtful loan, direction unknown	Baure etʃosoe						may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua	caylla, cuchu	kajʎa, tʃutʃu									may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Sáliva	ohwahixa	oʔwaʔixa		unknown							may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Tacana		etiweiri									may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Tariana	wisíwai; na-itaníwi; yaɾukanáwi	wisíwai; na-itaníwi; jaɾukanáwi		unknown				Alternate: wisíwei, na-itaníwi; jaɾukanáwi	Simplex		may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Tikuna	na-pôgue (Alv44)	naʔpoge		unique							may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Toba		[laamde]									From Span. 'alambre' (wire).	See Language page
Trinitario		yučmo									may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Trumai	ɨuɨr xomama	ɨuɨr xomama		unique							may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Tukano	sã'rî-ro	sã'rî-ro		inheritance	shared Tuyuka				Simplex		may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Tuyuka	sã'dĩ-rõ	sã'dĩ-rõ									may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Urarina	ičï-nehe	ičʉ-nehe		unique							may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Wai Wai	waača	waača		unknown							may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Waorani	wææ kæ-ĩ			unique					Other complex	wææ kæ= hinder, prevent; ĩ=??	may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Wapishana	kʰurara	kʰurara		loan	Spanish/Portuguese	WW	%kurara	Nheengatu kurara; Northern Emberá korrá	Simplex		may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Wari	tawit (Sousa2009)	tawit (Sousa2009)									may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Waurá	aža-tapi	aža-tapi		unknown							may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Wayampi	pali	pali		unknown	prob. TG, cf. ARN terms for 'fish barrier'						may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Wayuu		kuľaľa									Also puuľu, made of branches piled up.	See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay		to-la'hʷek									may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Yagua	puryesiy	purjesij		unknown	cf. TG pari						may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Yaminahua		kɨnɨ-a									See 'wall' 07.270.	See Language page
Yanomami	arana	aɾana		doubtful loan	Spanish corral, via Arawak kurara				Simplex		may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Yavitero	ku'rara ~ ku'ľaľa	ku'rara ~ ku'ľaľa									may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Yukpa	masísetupre	masísetupre									may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
Yukuna	kurára (R01)	kurára (R01)		loan	Spanish/Portuguese						may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page


Achagua
Aché
Aguaruna
Akawaio
Ashuar
Baniwa
Barí
Baure
Bora
Candoshi-Shapra
Cavineña
Central Aymara
Cha'palaa
Chiriguano
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja
Chácobo
Cofán
Cubeo
Desano
Djeoromitxi
Dâw
Ese Ejja
Eñepa
Hodï
Hup
Ignaciano
Ingá
Itonama
Kaingang
Kakua
Kariña
Katukina
Kokama
Kotiria
Lengua
Maca
Maihiki
Makushi
Mapoyo
Mapudungun
Mocoví
Mosetén-Chimané
Movima
Muisca
Murui Witoto
Napo Lowland Quichua
Nheengatu
Ninam
Nivaclé
Northern Emberá
Ocaina
Paraguayan Guaraní
Piapoco
Piaroa
Pilagá
Puinave
Pumé
Páez
Qawasqar
Quechua Ayacuchano
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet
Shipibo-Konibo
Sikuani
Sirionó
Southern Pastaza Quechua
Sáliva
Tacana
Tariana
Tikuna
Toba
Trinitario
Trumai
Tukano
Tuyuka
Urarina
Wai Wai
Waorani
Wapishana
Wari
Waurá
Wayampi
Wayuu
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay
Yagua
Yaminahua
Yanomami
Yavitero
Yukpa
Yukuna

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